2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：板块4第4讲特殊句式
展开第4讲 特殊句式
[全国卷考情分析]
题型 | 典题试做 | 命题解读 |
语 法 填 空 | 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding_ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，make(make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. | 强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项目。 |
考点一 倒装句(高考不作要求，只作了解)
单句语法填空
1．(2019·四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill________ (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
lies [当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage________(lie) at the top of the hill.。句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。]
2．(2019·崇州模拟)Hardly ________ she gone out when a student came to visit her.
had [此题考查hardly...when句式，该句式主句应用过去完成时。]
1．完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.
在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。
2．部分倒装
(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。
(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。
(3)so/neither＋ 助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语 意为“……也是如此/也不……”。
(4)在not only...but (also)．..句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。
(5)not until...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。
考点二 强调句(高考不作要求，只作了解)
单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago ________ I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends，always pushing us to move on.
that [分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，故填that。]
2．(2019·湖北荆门调研)It wasn't until in high school ________ I began to trust other people again.
that [句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”，且强调时间状语，故填that。]
3．(2019·江西樟树中学等六校联考)In that way，World Read Aloud Day ________ (do) help make a difference.
does [句意：通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为World Read Aloud Day，设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形help，根据提示词do可知本题考查强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。因主语为第三人称单数，故填does。]
1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)
(湖南高考)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
[易错提醒] 强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 |
考点三 其他常考特殊句式
单句语法填空
1．(2019·山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There ________(be) several reasons.
are [句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故填are。]
2．(2019·山西重点中学协作体一模)When ________(take) exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.
taking [句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好成绩来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故填taking。]
3．(2019·河北衡水中学第三次调研)Once upon a time, ________ was a boy whose parents named him Odd.
there [句意：从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫Odd。本题考查“there be”句型，意为：有……。]
一、省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属加热时就膨胀，冷却时就收缩。
2．不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。
Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。
(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。
If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
3．特殊的省略结构：if省略结构
if so如果这样的话
if not如果不是这样的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
if any如果有的话
二、感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋主语＋谓语！
What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
三、祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
(2)祈使句表示假设的情况。
①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句
Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道结果的。
Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.
立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。
四、there be句型
(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
(2)there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性
【技法点拨】
在做语法填空题时：
1．注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式；
2．根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当的词。
