2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：必修5Unit3Scienceandnature

[单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1．consequence n．结果，后果

2．harvest n．收获；收成 vt.& vi.收割(庄稼)

3．transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态

4．confirm vt.&vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信

5．profit n．利润，收益 vi.& vt.对……有 用；获益

6．conduct vt.实施；指挥乐队

7．relate vt.联系

8．insert vt.插入，嵌入

9．brief adj.短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空

1．(2019·北京卷)．..she spent the next two years researching online and  conducting (conduct) trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth­friendly.

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)This is quite important，because it is directly  related (relate) to your commitment.

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Before choices are finalised，parents/carers    will be asked to sign to_confirm(confirm) their child's choices.

4．The company has_been_transformed (transform) from a family business to a multi­million­pound operation now.

5．All villagers，young and old，went out to_harvest(harvest) crops.

6．Profiting(profit) in this way is winning popularity by cheating the public.

7．The audience complain that inserted(insert) advertisements are boring when they are watching TV series.

8．It was your idea，so now you have to accept all the consequences(consequence).

拓展单词

1．permit vt.许可，准可 n．许可证→permission n．准许，许可，批准

2．judge vt.&vi.判断→judgement n．判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决

3．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳→adopted adj.收养的→adoption n．采用；收养

4．accurate adj.准确的，精确的→accurately adv.准确地，精确地→accuracy n．精确，准确

5．major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业→majority n．多数，大多数

6．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空

1．Your judgement is right.Judging from his look，he must be angry with us.But we can't judge a person only by his/her appearance.(judge)

2．Mary was too frightened to tell her family about her frightening experience because it frightened her to death.(frighten)

3．Her father would not permit her to drive alone even though she had got her driving permit.Without her father's permission，she had to go out by bus or on a bike.(permit)

4．Support for inter­country adoption is particularly strong in America，where parents adopt more foreign children than all the rest of the world.(adopt)

5．To predict weather accurately and give us more accurate information，the observers try their best to guarantee the accuracy of their observation.(accurate)

6．One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(major)

阅读单词

1．agriculture n．农业

2．summary n．总结；概况，概要

3．nutrition n．营养

4．concept n．概念；观念

5．original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的

6．breakthrough n．突破

7．profession n．职业，行业

8．catastrophe  n．灾难，灾祸

9．physician n．医师；内科医生

1．(2019·浙江卷)John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.vt.评选为

2．(2018·天津卷)Instead of seeing my boys as losers，I pushed and encouraged them.vt. 催促，鞭策

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours at most.vt.采集

[短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

1．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳

be adopted by被……所收养

be adopted from选自……，取自……

adopt one's advice/suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法

adopt a child收养一个孩子

adopt the newest modern technology 采用现代的最新技术

adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The name Rangers was adopted from an English rugby club.

②Paul's mother had him adopted(adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.

[能力提升]——完成句子

艺术运动指的是一些艺术家共同采纳的一种绘画风格。

Art movement means a style of painting (that_is)_adopted_by_a_group_ of_artists.

[名师点津]　adopt与adapt两词词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。

2．consequence n．结果，后果

(1)as a consequence(＝in consequence) 因此，结果

in consequence of(＝as a consequence of) 由于……的缘故，因而

answer for/deal with/take/suffer/face the consequences 承担后果

of no/little consequence 无足轻重的，不重要的

(2)consequent adj.必然的；随之发生的

consequently adv.因此；必然地

accept the full consequences of your behaviour 承担你的行为所引起的全部后果

in consequence of his bad work由于他工作表现不好

be of great consequence to all of us对我们所有人都非常重要

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①We must answer for the consequences of our own deed.

②She was a bright and eager student and，consequently (consequent)，did well in school.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)A great fire broke out，and as a result，the house was completely destroyed.

①(高级表达)A great fire broke out，and as_a_consequence/in_consequence，the house was completely destroyed.

②(高级表达)As_a_consequence_of/In_consequence_of a great fire，the house was completely destroyed.

3．transform vt.& vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造

(1)transform...into...使……变成……

transform into 转化成；改造为

be transformed from...into...由……变成……；由……迁到……

(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革

transform one form of energy into another把一种形式的能变成另一种形式的能

be transformed from a quiet farming village into a busy port 由安静的农村变为繁忙的港口

transform himself into a successful businessman 让自己变成一个成功的商人

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Every moment of every day，energy is being transformed from one form into another.

②He has made a complete transformation (transform) from a comedian into a dramatic actor.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)Her bitter experience has turned her into a stronger person.

(高级表达)Her bitter experience has_transformed_her_into a stronger person.(transform)

[联想发散]　“把……变成……”的其他表达：turn/change...into...。

4．majority n．多数，大多数

(1)in a/the majority 占大多数

a/the majority of 大多数……

by/with a majority of 以大多数……

(2)in a/the minority 占少数

(3)major in 主修……；以……为专业

form the majority of the population占人口总数的一大半

in the vast majority of cases在绝大多数情况下

be elected by a large majority/by a majority of 3,240 以大多数票/超过对方3 240票当选

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Our country is a traditional agricultural society，with a majority of farming population.

②But even though some British people are quite strange，the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.

[能力提升]——完成句子

在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。

The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people (are) in_the_minority.

[名师点津]　the majority of＋

5．brief adj.短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的 n．简要；摘要

(1)in brief简单地说

to be brief简言之

(2)briefly adv. 短暂地；简短地

briefly speaking简言之

make a brief visit 作短暂的访问

a brief pause in the conversation对话中短暂的停顿

tell in brief the importance of the work 简要谈谈这项工作的重要性

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①It's not easy to_be(be) brief，especially on a topic you know a lot about.

②Briefly(brief) describe the product，but do not give any technical details at this stage.

[能力提升]——一句多译

简言之，我们不能接受这样的一个计划。

①Briefly_speaking，we can't accept such a plan.(briefly)

②To_be_brief/In_brief，we can't accept such a plan.(brief)

[名师点津]　briefly speaking等由“副词＋speaking”构成的短语可看成固定搭配，不再考虑其逻辑主语和句子主语之间的关系。

6．confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信

confirm one's belief 坚定某人的信念

be confirmed by sb.被某人认可

It has been confirmed that...已确定/证实……

confirm the report 证实那则报道

confirm the appointment of Mr.Collins as managing director确认科林斯先生为总经理的任命

be confirmed by observation 为观测所证实

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①He was_confirmed(confirm) as captain for the rest of the season yesterday.

②It has already been confirmed that the meeting will be held next week.

[能力提升]——完成句子

已经证实所有的人数学考试都及格了。

It_has_been_confirmed_that all had passed the math exam.

7．favour n．赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒

(1)in favour of 赞同，支持

in sb.'s favour 对某人有利；有助于某人

(2)do sb.the favour to do sth.帮助某人做某事

do sb.a favour(＝do a favour for sb.) 给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙

ask a favour of sb.(＝ask sb.a favour) 请某人帮忙

win the favour of the boss赢得老板的好感

favour the growth of plants 有助于植物生长

go out of favour已过时；失宠；不再受欢迎

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.

②Please do me a favour and go to the shop for me.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)Could you help me (to) take these bags in?

①(高级表达)Could you do_me_the_favour_to_take these bags in? (favour)

②(高级表达) Could you assist_me_in_taking these bags in? (assist)

8．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐

(1)frighten...away/off 把……吓跑/吓走

frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事

(2)be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事

be frightened of 对……感到害怕

frighten sb.to death把某人吓得半死

be frightened to ride a bike 不敢骑自行车

frighten them not into going there 吓唬他们不要去那里

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The mothers are frightened of the children going camping，for they may get lost in the mountain.

②News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting (fit) new locks to their doors.

③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)He had tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but，frightened (frighten)，it had run off.

[能力提升]——完成句子

米丽娅姆太害怕了，不敢告诉家人发生了什么事。

Miriam was too_frightened_to_tell_her_family what had happened.

9．on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……

(1)on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)．..意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等。

(2)for one thing...for another (thing)．..意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致。

[金句推送] 　On the one hand，we think that friendship comes first，and a match comes second.On the other hand，since we all tried our best，we had no regret.

一方面，我们认为友谊第一，比赛第二；另一方面，既然我们都尽力了，我们就没有遗憾。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①On the one hand，I want to sell the house，but on the other hand，I can't bear the thought of moving.

②For one thing，she is well­educated; for another，she is pretty.

[能力提升]——完成句子

一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。

On_the_one_hand，we should develop our economy; on_the_other_hand，we should protect the environment.

10．follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人

(1)follow in the footsteps of...效仿……

follow one's example 以某人为榜样

follow one's advice/directions 听从/遵循某人的建议/指示/说明

follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则

(2)as follows 如下，如下所述

follow this road to the mountain沿着这条路上山

follow Jack's footsteps in the snow跟着杰克在雪中留下的脚印走

follow in his father's footsteps效仿他的父亲；继承他父亲的遗志

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①She works in television，following in her father's footsteps.

②This can be done if you proceed as follows.

[能力提升]——完成句子

①我们不能盲目地效仿外国的常规。

We mustn't blindly follow_in_the_footsteps_of foreign practice.

②我们都应以他为榜样，全心全意为人民服务。

We must all follow_his_example and serve the people with all our hearts.

11．take...into consideration 认真考虑

give consideration to...考虑……

show consideration for 对……表示关心

under consideration 在讨论/考虑中

out of consideration for 出于对……的考虑/体谅

give consideration to the keywords考虑关键词

show consideration for anyone but yourself 为别人考虑而不是你自己

out of consideration for personal interest出于个人兴趣考虑

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①You should take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.

②Could you turn your music down and show a little consideration for the neighbors?

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达) If you take all things into consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.

①(高级表达)All_things_taken_into_consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.(用独立主格结构)

②(高级表达)With_all_things_taken_into_consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.(用with复合结构)

12．(教材P42) The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。

动词不定式作后置定语的几种情况：

(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only，the last，the right时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。

(2)动词不定式作后置定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，opportunity，ambition，attempt，offer，way以及time，place等。

(3)动词不定式作后置定语表示将要发生的动作。

[金句推送]　(2019·江苏卷) Despite their many differences，all human beings share several defining characteristics，such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.

尽管他们有很多不同之处，但所有人都有一些共同的特征，比如脑容量大，能用两条腿直立行走。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①He is always the first to_bear(bear) hardships and the last to_enjoy(enjoy) comforts.

②In addition，they will strengthen their ability to_accept (accept) new and exciting mathematical challenges.

③He was grateful for a chance to_relax(relax) at the weekend.

[能力提升]——一句多译

艾米是唯一目击这起车祸的人。

①Amy was the only person that_witnessed the car accident.(定语从句)

②Amy was the only person to_witness the car accident.(不定式)

13．(教材P50) The boy was more frightened than hurt.这个男孩与其说受伤倒不如说是害怕。

no more than 仅仅；只不过

no more...than...和…… 一样不……

not more than 不超过

not more...than...没有……那样……

more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；非常，很；超出

[金句推送]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ·写作佳句 ) Environmental protection is more  a responsibility for our students than  interest.

环境保护是我们学生的责任，而不是兴趣。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The man was more brave than wise，so he failed many times.

②The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.

[能力提升]——完成句子

当他的儿子再次说谎时，与其说他生气倒不如说他失望。

He was more_disappointed_than_angry when his son lied again.

14．(教材P59) Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。

[句型公式]　句中nowhere...truer...为“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。

最高级意义的多种表达法：

(1)the＋形容词/副词最高级

(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as

(3)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)

(4)比较级＋than＋

[金句推送] 　Nobody can do the work better than he did.这项工作他做得最出色。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①He is studying harder(hard) than any other student in this class.

②No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class.

[能力提升]——完成句子

①(普通表达)What an interesting novel! It is the most moving novel that I have ever read.

(高级表达) What an interesting novel! I have never read_a_more_moving_one.

②(普通表达)It was not until then did I realize I was the happiest in the world.

(高级表达) It was not until then did I realize nobody was_happier_than_I_was in the world.

多维训练——夯实基础

维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空

1．He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted(adopt) children.

2．A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.

3．They frightened the small boy into telling (tell) them the secret.

4．You can't follow in another person's (person) footsteps，and no one else will be able to follow in yours.

5．Every moment of every day，energy is_being_transformed (transform) from one form into another.

6．I don't think him to be the best man to_do (do) the job because he is very careless.

7．Experiments on animals have_been_conducted (conduct) long before the medicine was applied to patients.

8．His success was a long history; but briefly (brief) speaking，he succeeded after many failures.

9．Smiling and laughing has actually (actual) been shown to relieve tension and stress.

10．Security should be taken into consideration(consider) with any Website.

维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词

1．Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour.

2．No human being could have passed a happier childhood than me.

3．She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.

4．Scientists have recently confirmed that it is possible to develop a malaria vaccine (疟疾疫苗)．

5．On the one hand，I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family.

维度3——查缺补漏

1．I'm sorry I offended you，but it wasn't my intention (intend)．

2．I'm sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.

3．The loss has not yet been calculated accurately (accurate)，but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.

4．I have been told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious  to_get (get) help from you.

5．Dr.Yuan also helps many less developed countries to increase their rice harvests (harvest)．

维度4——话题写作

1．补全要点句 (加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)

①随着科技的发展，越来越多的新发明正被人们采用。

With the development of science and technology，more and more new inventions are_being_adopted.

②它们满足了我们日常生活的需要，让我们受益匪浅。它们给我们带来了不好的影响。

They have_met_our_needs in our daily life and profited_us a lot.They have_some_bad_effects_on us.

③它使人们相互联系更加容易。越来越多的人沉湎于网络。他们身体要垮掉了。

It has made it easier for people to_get_in_touch_with each other.More and more people are_addicted_to the Internet.They are_getting_burnt_out.

④对于网络的使用，我们必须要谨慎。(be cautious with)

We should be_cautious_with the use of the Internet.

⑤总的说来，新发明给我们带来的利要大于弊。 

In_summary new inventions are bringing us more_advantages_than_ disadvantages.

2．升级平淡句

(1)利用on the one hand...on the other hand...升级1中的句②

On_the_one_hand，they_have_met_our_needs_in_our_daily_life_and_profited _us_a_lot;_on_the_other_hand，they_have_some_bad_effects_on_us.

(2)利用连词but和so that引导结果状语从句升级1中的句③

It_has_made_it_easier_for_people_to_get_in_touch_with_each_other，but_ more_and_more_people_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_so_that_they_are_getting_burnt_out.

3．衔接成美文 (注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：take the Internet for example，as a consequence，however)

With the development of science and technology，more and more new inventions are being adopted.On the one hand，they have met our needs in our daily life and profited us a lot; on the other hand，they have some bad effects on us.Take the Internet for example.It has made it easier for people to get in touch with each other，but more and more people are addicted to the Internet so that they are getting burnt out.As a consequence，we should be cautious with the use of the Internet.However，in summary new inventions are bringing us more advantages than disadvantages.