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2020版高考新创新一轮复习英语北师大版学案：选修7Unit21HumanBiology
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Unit 21 Human Biology
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．interval n． 间隔；间歇
2．enhance vt. 增强；提高
3．supreme adj. (程度)最大的，极度的
4．compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的
5．controversial adj. 有争议的
6．contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾
7．interpret vt. 翻译；解释
8．impulse n. 脉冲
9．complicated adj. 复杂的
10．ample adj. 充足的，充裕的
11．storage n. 储存
12．acute adj. 严重的；剧烈的
13．statistics n. 统计资料；统计数字
14．adaptation n. 变化；变种
15．mourn vi.& vt. 感到悲痛；表示哀悼
16．prescription n. 处方
17．systematic adj. 系统化的
18．temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的
19．terminal adj. 致命的；晚期的
20．minimum n. 最低；最小
21.extension n． 延期
22．sceptical adj. 怀疑的
23．absurd adj. 荒谬的；不合理的
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．circulate vi. 循环
2．digest vt. 消化
3．abuse vt. 滥用
4．fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的
5．seek vt. 寻找
6．submit vt. 提交
7．postpone vt. 延期，推迟，延迟
8．identify vt. 确定；认出，识别
9．symptom n. 症状；征兆
10．weekly adj. 每周一次的
11．decline vi. 下降
12．firm n. 商行，公司
13．rate n. 比率
14．deadline n. 截止日期，最后日期
15．vote vi. 表决
16．circumstance n. 情形；情况
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．tolerate vt.容忍→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍
2．oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；反对的→opposition n．相反→opposed adj.相反的，对立的
3．privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n．特权；优惠，优待
4．enquiry n．询问→enquire v．询问，调查
5．prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的
6．unite vt.联合；团结；统一→union n．团结→united adj.团结的
7．equip vt.使有准备→equipment n．装备；设备
8．fortune n．大笔钱财，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→misfortune n．不幸
9．concern n．担心；担忧→concerned adj.关心的，牵挂的；有关的→concerning prep.关于
10．annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的→annually adv.一年一次地，每年地，年度地
[语境活用]
1．Tom is often fortunate. Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune. Fortunately he met and married his girlfriend there.(fortune)
2．I admire you for your tolerance,_ because you can tolerate things which can't be tolerant.(tolerate)
3．Our parents are concerned about our health and future.As far as I'm concerned,_we should talk with our parents and tell them our concerns.(concern)
4．As a famous saying goes, union is strength. If united,_ we can overcome all the difficulties, so let's unite together.(unite)
5．We oppose building a chemical factory near our village, which will cause much air pollution. Luckily, because of our opposition,_the factory won't be built.(oppose)
6．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
7．If you want to join our club, there's an annual membership fee of ＄100 and the organization publishes its list of member annually. (annual)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.in_vain 徒劳，白费力气
2．at_random 随便地，随意地
3．at_all_costs 不管多大代价，无论如何
4．straight_away 立刻，马上
5．wipe_out 彻底毁灭
6．stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭
7．rob_sb.of_sth. 抢劫某人某物
8．at_any_rate 无论如何；至少
9．get_down_to 开始做
10．bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐
11．get_through 通过(考试)；完成
12．clear_up 整理；解释；澄清
13．put_off 推迟；延期
14．miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会
15．focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准
1.The people for the experiment were chosen completely at_random.
2．We must at_all_costs prevent them from finding out about the plan.
3．I have tried very hard to find out a solution to the problem, but in_vain.
4．At_any_rate,_the medical supplies will reach you within a week.
5．It's not an easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.
6．Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.
7．They have decided to put_off holding the meeting because of the bad weather.
8．It's time that I got_down_to thinking about my future.
9．I can't focus my attention on study with so much noise outside.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。
“It is＋adj.＋ for sb.to do ...”句型。
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)你通晓中国文化是有必要的。
It's_necessary_for_you_to_have a good knowledge of Chinese culture.
2.The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价想要获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
rather than并列连词，表示“而不是”。
作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。
As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.
3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.
西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。
“sb./sth.be believed to ...”意为“某人或某物被认为……”。
他被认为是健在的好的作曲家之一。
He_is_believed_to_be one of the best living composers.
二、课堂重点深化
1．postpone vt.推迟，延期
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The military training for the freshmen in the new term was postponed until/to the next Sunday because of the bad weather.
②The headmaster postponed holding (hold) the meeting until all teachers arrived at the meeting room.
[系统归纳]
postpone doing sth. 延缓/推迟做某事
postpone sth.until/to ... 把某事推迟到……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③He decided to postpone to delivering the lecture, owing to his bad health. 去掉第二个to
佳句时时写
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，你最好准时到达而不要推迟到达，因为在中国守时是礼貌的。
First_of_all,_you'd_better_arrive_on_time_instead_of_postponing_arriving_because_it_is_polite_to_be_punctual_in_China.
2．oppose vt.&vi.反对；反抗
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①All people present are opposed to working (work) extra hours on Sunday.
②We oppose using (use) this unusual technique to clone humans.
③She turned and walked off in the opposite (oppose) direction.
一句多译
我反对修改这个方案，因为它是可行的。
④I oppose_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(oppose)
⑤I am_opposed_to_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(opposed)
⑥I object_to_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(object)
⑦I am_against_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(against)
[系统归纳]
(1)oppose (sb.'s) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立
opposite adj. 对立的，在……对面的
prep. 在……的对面
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧I am opposed to go shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.go→going
佳句时时写
⑨(2015·浙江高考书面表达)当我的想法与其他人的想法对立时，我选择尊重大多数人的意见。
When_my_idea_is_opposed_to_others',_I_choose_to_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.
[名师指津] oppose＝object to＝be against“反对”；oppose后跟动词时要用动词ing形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也要用动词ing形式。
3．prohibit vt.禁止，阻止
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The environment group is demanding a complete prohibition (prohibit) against setting off fireworks in the Spring Festival.
②His small size prohibits his becoming (become) a policeman.
③There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.
句型转换
Some people think that it's necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from smoking in public places.
④Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's smoking in public places.
⑤Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from smoking in public places.
[系统归纳]
(1)prohibit (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事
禁止某人做某事
(2)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令
a prohibition against/on ... ……的禁令
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥The soldiers were prohibited from leave camp after dark.leave→leaving
佳句时时写
⑦(2014·江苏高考书面表达)事实上，中国人从来没有禁止从其他语言中提取词汇，比如日语中的“ganbu”或“minzhu”。
In_fact,_Chinese_has_never_prohibited_taking_words_from_other_languages,_for_example,_“ganbu”_or_“minzhu”_from_Japanese.
[联想发散] “禁止/阻止某人做某事”表达法荟萃：
①discourage sb. from doing sth.
②ban sb. from (doing) sth.
③prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
④forbid sb. (from) doing sth.
⑤keep sb. from doing sth.
⑥stop sb. (from) doing sth.
4．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①As a teacher, you need to show tolerance towards your students' carelessness in study.
②I couldn't tolerate being_interrupted (interrupt) when I was editing my book.
③We must learn to be tolerant of different cultures especially when we live in a multicultural society.
一句多译
我不能容忍被嘲笑。
④I_can't_tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)
⑤I_can't_bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)
⑥I_can't_put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with)
[系统归纳]
(1)tolerate (doing) sth. 容忍/容许(做)某事
(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的
be tolerant of 对……宽容；容忍……
(3)tolerance n. 容忍
show tolerance towards sb. 容忍某人
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦The school can't tolerate cheat in exams.cheat→cheating
佳句时时写
⑧(2014·江苏高考书面表达)随着英语学习者数量的增加，我们应该对我们语言中出现的不同词汇保持宽容。
As_the_number_of_English_learners_is_on_the_rise,_we_should_be_tolerant_of_different_words_in_our_language.
[联想发散] 表示“容忍，忍受”的单词或短语还有：bear, stand, put up with等。
5．submit vt.提交；递交vi.服从，屈服
[自主体验]
完成句子
①The heroic people will never submit_to foreign rule.
英雄的人民决不会屈服于外国的统治。
②You must submit_yourself_to the traffic rules when driving.
开车时你必须遵守交通规则。
③I will submit_my_reports_to you as soon as possible.
我会尽快把报告提交给你。
[系统归纳]
submit to 服从于；屈从于
submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受……；服从……
submit ...to ... 向……提交……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④We'll submit the judgement of the court.submit后加_to
佳句时时写
⑤(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)除了出色的创意之外，你还需要向学生会提交一份报告，解释你是如何想到这个点子的，以及你使用了哪些材料。
Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation,_you_need_to_submit_a_report_to_the_Student_Union,_explaining_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use.
6．seek (sought，sought) vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求，探索；试图
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Half an hour later, he sought out his favorite toy in the basket, which made him very happy.
②He sought to_climb (climb) over the fence, but failed.
③The foreigners have sought help from the local government.
完成句子
④If you want to_seek_for/after_success,_you must work hard.
如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。
⑤He told us that he was going to Beijing to_seek_his_fortune.
他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。
[系统归纳]
seek sth.from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某物
seek (after/for) sb./sth. 追求/寻找某人/某物
seek one's fortune 找出路；碰运气
seek out 找出；寻出
seek to do sth. 试图做某事
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥You should seek advice for your lawyer on this matter.for→from
佳句时时写
⑦(2014·广东高考书面表达)为了理解不同文化中成功生活的意义，理查德从2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人。
In_order_to_understand_the_meaning_of_successful_life_in_different_cultures,_Richard,_from_2011,_began_to_seek_after/for_time_twins_around_the_world.
7．equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①My father always reminds me to equip myself for the future.
②Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.
③His work experience equipped him to_deal (deal) with all kinds of people.
④Our school is equipped with much advanced equipment bought from abroad.(equip)
[系统归纳]
(1)equip ...with ... 用……装备……
equip ...for sth./to do sth. 为(做)某事而装备……
be equipped for/to do sth. 为(做)某事装备好；做好准备
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
(2)equipment n．[U] 装备，设备
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs.equipments→equipment
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)此外，由于我们学校配备了各种设施，各种各样的体育活动才能够得以举办。
Moreover,_with_all_kinds_of_facilities_equipped_in_our_school,_a_wide_range_of_sports_activities_are_able_to_be_held.
8．decline vi.&vt.下降；谢绝 n．下降；衰退
[自主体验]
写出下列句中decline的词性和含义
①I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation. vt.谢绝
②The company reported a small decline in its profits. n.下降
③As is known to us all, industry in Britain has been on the decline since the 1970s. n.衰退
单句语法填空
④There has been a sharp decline in/of the amounts of sale this year.
⑤The number of population in the poor country has declined by 10 percent during the past 10 years.
⑥Though I had difficulty walking back to my classroom, I still declined to_accept_(accept) the help of my classmates.
完成句子
⑦His health fell_into_a_decline after he was injured in the accident.
在事故中受伤后，他的健康状况每况愈下。
⑧There's a widelyheld belief that educational standards have_been_on_the decline/in decline_in the past few years.
许多人普遍认为过去几年教育水平下降了。
[系统归纳]
(1)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline to 下降/减少到
decline by 下降/减少了
(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降
in decline 下降
on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨The unemployment rate declined to 4 percent last month. to→by
佳句时时写
⑩(2017·江苏高考书面表达)然而，去年中国的经济增长率有所下降。
However,_China_saw_a_decline_in_its_economic_growth_rate_last_year.
9．fortune n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It was fortunate (fortune) enough that he found his lost wallet at last.
②What a difficult test! Fortunately (fortunate) I had worked hard, otherwise I would have failed.
③She was fortunate enough to_find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
完成句子
④Many young people want to live in big cities to seek/try_their_fortune.
许多年轻人想在大城市里寻找出路。
⑤He made_a_fortune in the gold fields of South Africa.
他在南非的金矿里发了财。
[系统归纳]
(1)seek/try one's fortune 找出路；碰运气
make a fortune 发财
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸 运地(＝luckily)
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of making fortune without hard work.making_后加a
佳句时时写
⑦(2014·湖北高考书面表达)幸运的是，她受伤不严重，我们把她送到了最近的医院。
Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital.
1．at any rate无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少
[自主体验]
完成句子
①You should make an adjustment about your behaviors at_any_rate.
你至少应该对你的行为作出调整。
②At_this_rate,_we won't make it to the destination before 5 o'clock.
照此情形，5点之前我们是不能到达目的地的。
③The driver was driving at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour on the free way.
司机在高速公路上以每小时100公里的速度开车。
[系统归纳]
at this/that rate 照此情形；如此下去
at the/a rate of 以……的速度或比率；以……的价格
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④You should read one of the English articles every day with any rate. with→at
佳句时时写
⑤(2014·湖北高考书面表达)在我看来，我们中的每个人无论如何都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。
In_my_opinion,_every_one_of_us_should_try_our_best_to_help_those_in_need_at_any_rate.
2．wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁
[自主体验]
完成句子
①The storm wiped_the_building_out only in two hours.
在仅仅两个小时之内，暴风雨就把那座建筑物毁坏了。
②He wiped__away the sweat from his brow with the back of his hand.
他用手背擦掉了额头上的汗水。
③The flowing water wiped_the_pictures_drawn_by_children_off/from the sand.
流动的水把孩子们画的画从沙子上擦掉了。
④I wiped_up_the_ground after children left the room.
孩子们离开房间后，我把地上的东西擦干净了。
[系统归纳]
wipe away 擦掉，清除掉
wipe sth. off/from 从……上擦去某物；勾销(债务等)
wipe sth. with sth. 用……擦……
wipe up 擦干净
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤The whole village was wiped away by the earthquake. away→out
佳句时时写
⑥(2015·江苏高考书面表达)交通问题是一个很难解决的问题。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还可能毁灭人们的生活。
The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life,_but_may_also_wipe_out_people's_life.
3．at all costs无论如何，不管多大代价
[自主体验]
完成句子
①Economic growth must not be achieved at_the_cost_of environment or resources.
发展经济绝不能以破坏环境、浪费资源为代价。
②The work is so urgent that we must finish it before 6 at_all_costs/at_any_cost.
这项工作如此紧急，以至于我们无论如何得在6点前完成。
③You can buy the books at_cost on the Internet.
你可以在网上以成本价买到这些书。
[系统归纳]
at the cost/expense of ... 牺牲……；以……为代价
at a cost of ... 以……的费用/价格
at any cost ＝at all costs 在任何情况下；无论如何
at cost 按成本价
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④At all cost, we must complete the task on time.cost→costs
佳句时时写
⑤(2015·安徽高考书面表达)如果我能采访他，无论如何我也要问问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员的。
If_I_could_interview_him,_I_would_ask_him_what_made_him_an_astronaut_at_all_costs.
4．It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...
[教材原句] It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.
[自主体验]
①(2017·江苏高考)It_would_be_difficult_for_developed_countries_to_maintain the size of population.
对发达国家来说那将很难维持人口规模。
②It_is_very_clever_of_them to make good use of the Internet.
他们很聪明，能充分利用互联网。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。
(2)“It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do ...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有 kind, good, right, clever, foolish, stupid, wise, rude 等。
注意事项
(1)若形容词是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价时用of sb.，反之用for sb.。
(2)of后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词有逻辑上的主表关系；而for后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词无逻辑上的主表关系。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2017·北京高考满分作文)It is wise of us to make a video to record our experiences at school.
②(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)It's difficult for a foreign learner to understand the true meaning and culture of Tang poems.
③(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)It will be not only meaningful but also interesting for you to enjoy the movie.
5．并列连词rather than
[教材原句] The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
[自主体验]
①Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_chat online with strangers rather_than_talk_with their parents face to face.
如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。
②(2014·陕西高考)We would rather our daughter stayed_at_home_with_us,_but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)rather than 常用于下列结构中：
①prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.
②would do sth.rather than do sth.
③would rather do sth.than do sth.
(2)would rather＋从句，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气：过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示过去的愿望。
注意事项
(1)rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是”。它通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。
(2)rather than 连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2017·北京高考满分作文)Personally, I would rather walk along the Yangtze River than climb the Mount Tai.
②(增分要点句)(2015·重庆高考满分作文)Of the two, I prefer to choose the latter rather than select the former.
③(增分要点句)(2015·上海高考满分作文)The reason why I am in favor of the picture in the top right corner is that it is simple and apparent rather than dull and isolating.
6．sb./sth. be believed＋动词不定式
[教材原句] Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.
[自主体验]
①Tom is believed to_be (be) the child they are looking for.
人们认为汤姆就是他们要找的那个孩子。
②The company is said to_be_advertising (advertise) for a sales manager, and you can have a try.
据说这家公司正在刊登广告招聘一名销售经理，你可以去试一下。
③The professor is reported to have succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
＝It's_reported_that_the_professor_has_succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
据报道这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
[归纳点拨]
(1)“sb./sth. be believed＋动词不定式”为固定结构，意为“人们认为(相信)……，被认为是/做……”，此结构可以和It is believed that或People believe互换。常用于这种句型的动词有say/hope/think/report/know等。
(2)动词不定式用完成时，强调动作发生在主句动作之前；用进行时，强调动作正在进行；用一般现在时，强调动作与主句动作(几乎)同时发生，或之后发生。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Depending entirely on the ratings in consumption is generally believed to be unwise.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·天津高考满分作文)It is said that you have had a good performance in the robotics skill contest.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Most babies can digest (消化) a wide range of food easily.
2．The flight was postponed (延期) because of the thick fog.
3．We can find the happiness we seek (追求) if we first share it with others.
4．Under the circumstances (情况), we must rely on ourselves.
5．They were accused of abusing (滥用) their power to keep prices artificially high.
6．As we all know, soil is fundamental (根本的) to the growth of the plants.
7．The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change.
8．Due to bad management, company profits have been declining (下降) over the last three years.
9．Your suggestion was submitted (提交) to the commission for its consideration.
10．With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many residents are opposed to building (build) the motorway. It is not a wise decision.
2．Let's postpone making (make) a decision until we have more information.
3．He has declined to_come (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else.
4．Nobody can tolerate_being_cheated (cheat), and that's why he has no friend.
5．We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
6．If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to Smart Animals.
7．You must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you，since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
8．We shared the belief that if you're fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back.
9．Many farmers opposed (opposite) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
10．She wiped the sweat off from her face with a piece of facial tissue.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．My efforts to bring about a settlement ended of vain. of→in
2．She chose a novel from the shelf in the library in random. 第二个in→at
3．The number of population in that country is now in the decline. in→on
4．He made fortune in his business trade on the Internet last year. made后加a
5．The students in the lecture hall are focusing in the professor's speech. 第二个in→on
6．They are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid. out→after/for
7．I am very much opposed to permit him to go alone at night. permit→permitting
8．To our delight, the smoking of cigarettes is in the decline in this area recently. 第一个in→on
9．The drunken driver, rather than the passersby were to blame for the traffic accident. were→was
10．He gave away his all money to buy some equipments for the new school. equipments→equipment
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．They tried their best to make her happy but_in_vain.
他们尽力使她高兴但徒劳无功。
2．One failure after another wiped_out_his_ambition for fame.
一次又一次的失败使他成名的雄心壮志化为乌有。
3．It's_clever_of_you_to work out the perfect plan in such a short time.
在这么短的时间内制定出这样完美的方案，你真是太聪明了。
4．To our delight, the_number_of_robberies_is_declining in this area recently.
让我们感到高兴的是，近来这个地区的抢劫案的数量在下降。
5．I prefer_to_take_some_exercise_outside_rather_than_play_computer_games at home on Sundays.
星期天，我宁愿出去锻炼也不愿待在家里玩电脑游戏。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“医药与健康”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——医药与健康
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①drug ②medicine ③pill ④tablet
⑤poison ⑥stress ⑦fever ⑧cough
⑨disease ⑩harmful ⑪painful ⑫meal
⑬food ⑭movement ⑮treat ⑯swim
⑰provide ⑱various ⑲healthy ⑳diet
true wise wealthy laughter
milk sleep relax
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①capsule n． (药)胶囊 ②herb n． 草药
③vitamin n. 维生素 ④insulin n. 胰岛素
⑤prescription n. 处方 ⑥swell vi. 肿胀
⑦dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的 ⑧depression n. 抑郁症
⑨sneeze vi. 打喷嚏 ⑩symptom n. 症状
⑪choke n．&vi. 窒息 ⑫allergic adj. 过敏的
⑬high adj. 高的 ⑭activity n. 活动
⑮routinely adv. 有规律地 ⑯clinical adj. 临床的
⑰nutrient n. 营养 ⑱examine vt. 检查
⑲balance n．&v. (保持)平衡 ⑳refresh v． (使)精神振作
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①take in 吸收
②carry out 执行
③reduce anxiety 减少焦虑
④lose weight 减肥
⑤fat and sugars 脂肪和糖
⑥physical activity 体育活动
⑦the amount and type of exercise 锻炼的量和类型
⑧a larger quantity of fruits and vegetables 大量水果和蔬菜
⑨human health and wellbeing 人类健康与福祉
⑩the natural setting 自然环境
⑪water activity 水中活动
⑫take any drugs 吃任何药物
⑬positive emotion 积极情绪
⑭rest and sleep 休息和睡眠
⑮keep a mind 保持一种思想
⑯take exercise 锻炼
⑰be in health 身体健康
⑱give you some advice 给你一些建议
⑲laugh and cry 笑和哭
(四)写作佳句背一背
①Smoking does harm to your health. In addition/Besides, it's a waste of money.
②Do more exercise and have enough sleep, and you will feel relaxed and energetic.
③We'd better take part in more outdoor activities instead of sitting in front of TV sets or computers for a long time, which is bad for our health.
④A lot of students spend much time on study. Therefore, they have no time for rest and sports, which really affects their health.
⑤Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
⑥People are beginning to attach much more importance to their health these days than ever before.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Mary想知道如何保持健康。请你结合以下建议，就How to Keep Healthy这个话题给她写一封信。
1．合理、健康的饮食；
2．适当的锻炼；
3．充足的睡眠和休息。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
true, be in health, give you some advice, diet, various, provide, food, nutrient, take exercise, movement, rest and sleep, healthy, wealthy, wise, keep a mind, laugh and cry, laughter, medicine
1．那是真的。
It's_true.
2．每个人都希望身体健康。
Everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health.
3．我很高兴能给你一些建议。
I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice._
4．我们需要保持饮食。
We_need_to_keep_diet.
5．各种各样的食物能给我们提供不同的营养。
Various_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients.
6．我们的身体需要它们。
Our_body_needs_them.
7．我们也应该有规律地锻炼身体。
We_should_also_take_exercise_regularly.
8．生命在于运动。
Life_lies_in_movement.
9．我们应该有充足的休息和睡眠。
We_ought_to_get_enough_rest_and_sleep._
10．你听说过吗？
Have_you_heard_it?
11．早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。
Early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise.
12．我们最好保持一种健康思想。
We'd_better_keep_a_healthy_mind.
13．我们应该关注一切。
We_should_look_at_everything.
14．别忘了多笑和少哭。
Don't_forget_to_laugh_more_and_cry_less._
15．你知道，笑是最好的药。
You_know,_laughter_is_the_best_medicine.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
16．在第3句后加入定语“关于如何保持健康的”。
I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_keep_healthy.
17．在第4句中加入定语“一个健康平衡的”。
We_need_to_keep_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet.
18．在第8句前加入状语从句“常言道”。
As_the_saying_goes,_life_lies_in_movement._
19．在第13句后加上介词短语“用一种积极的方式”。
We_should_look_at_everything_in_a_positive_way.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
20．用that引导的主语从句合并第1句和第2句。
It's_true_that_everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health.
21．用a variety of替换第5句中various，然后用that引导的定语从句合并第5句和第6句。
A_variety_of_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients_that_our_body_needs.
22．用that引导的宾语从句合并第10句和第11句。
Have_you_heard_that_early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise?
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用firstly， secondly， thirdly， last but not the least， that's to say等词汇连句成文。
Dear_Mary，
It's_true_that_everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health._I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_keep_healthy._
Firstly,_we_need_to_keep_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet._A_variety_of_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients_that_our_body_needs._Secondly,_we_should_also_take_exercise_regularly._As_the_saying_goes,_life_lies_in_movement._Thirdly,_we_ought_to_get_enough_rest_and_sleep._Have_you_heard_that_early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise？Last_but_not_the_least,_we'd_better_keep_a_healthy_mind._That's_to_say,_we_should_look_at_everything_in_a_positive_way._Don't_forget_to_laugh_more_and_cry_less._You_know,_laughter_is_the_best_medicine.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Obviously, most people who try to ❶lose_weight (减肥) generally focus all or most of their attention on the food they eat. But what about their behavior? Are there habits they could be breaking that would also help them lose weight?
According to the Ohio State University Extension, which summarized the findings, the researchers learned people who ❷routinely (routine) ate breakfasts, lunches, and dinners tended to have more success losing weight than people whose eating schedules were irregular. As a bonus, they were also more likely to eat ❸a_larger_quantity_of_fruits_and_vegetables (大量水果和蔬菜)．
One ❹activity (active) that brought a disaster to people who wanted to lose weight was watching television, particularly if they ate while watching TV — especially if they ate while watching TV after 7 p．m. People who did these things, including simply watching a lot of television, tended to have a higher body mass index (BMI), as well as a higher intake of ❺fat_and_sugars (脂肪和糖)．
Those who ate out a lot also tended to take in more fat and sugars, while eating fewer fruits and vegetables. For the purposes of the study, eating away from home was defined not only as eating in restaurants but also eating food provided by an employer or colleagues at work, buying food at convenience stores or gas stations, or buying food for fundraisers.
Finally, the best results were achieved by those motivated people who kept writing the track of ❻the_amount_and_type_of_exercise (锻炼的量和类型) they did and how many calories they ate, who planned ❼_meals (meal), and used meal replacements. Those who did these things the most generally lost more weight, ate less fat and sugars, ate more fruits and vegetables, and engaged in more ❽physical_activities (体育活动)．
So cutting out all those highcalorie snacks will help you lose weight. If so, apparently, will change some of your habits and behavior.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
treat， swim， clinical， symptom， carry out， human health and wellbeing， the natural setting， water activity， take any drugs， positive emotion)
Patients with light or moderate depression can be successfully ❶treated by swimming with dolphins, researchers said on Saturday.The study was ❷carried_out in Honduras, including patients who were thought by the doctors with light of moderate depression coming from the United States and Honduras.
For two weeks, half of the group ❸swam with dolphins for an hour a day. At the same time the other half group carried out the same type of ❹water_activities,_but with the absence of dolphins. Researchers want to find out the influence of water and ❺the_natural_setting.
All the study volunteers didn't continue to ❻take_any_drugs_ or psychotherapy (心理治疗) at least for weeks before the start of the study and did not take any drugs during the study, said the researchers from the division of ❼clinical Psychiatry at the University of Leicester Medical School.By the end of the study, those people who swam with the dolphins had a greater average reduction in their depressive ❽symptoms than those who did not.
The researchers noted that the study supports the theory of biophilia, which thinks that ❾human_health_and_wellbeing depends partly on the human connection with the natural world. The findings appeared in the issue of the British Medical Journal, leading to interactions and positive_emotions that result in psychological treatment.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment (equip), allowing more patients to be treated.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
3．(2014·江西高考)Anyway, we're here now, so let's get down to some serious work.
4．(2014·湖北高考)The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the_circumstances (circumstance) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
5．(2014·湖北高考)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerance) smile and let him go.
6．(2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to_seek (seek) their own answers.
7．(2014·浙江高考)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用decline, get through, complicated, fortune, concern, prohibit填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The following term, I registered for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was __57__.I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens.____________
2．(2015·广东高考)When does old age begin then？Sixtyfive may be outofdate as the dividing line between middle age and old age.After all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental __7__ until after age 75.____________
3．(2015·江苏高考)The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to __39__ my own cancer experience？____________
4．(2012·湖北高考)As the shopkeeper Mr. Johnson was selling me the bicycle, he said, “This is the best thing you could have done. Life has become hopelessly __35__. A bicycle is simple, and it brings to you natural things: fresh air, sunshine and exercise.” I agreed. Happy as a child, I got on the bicycle and headed out onto the streets.____________
5．(2011·江西高考)Strangely enough, she soon dreamt that she was a worldfamous chef (主厨). She made a __43__ and wore diamonds and designer clothes.Most days she relaxed by the pool, meeting the rich and famous or reading — her favorite hobby.She even took the leading role in her own TV show.____________
6．(2011·广东高考)Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. However, this __11__ is more often from parents and teachers than from students.____________
答案：1.prohibited 2.decline 3.get through 4.complicated
5．fortune 6.concern
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：“医药与健康”和人们的生活息息相关，医药科学的不断发展使得人类治疗疾病、追求健康的水平不断提高，现代人类更加关注健康。“医药与健康”包括医药安全和发展、健康的饮食、服务及其体现在科技方面的进步等。“医药与健康”成为高考命题的热点话题。通过阅读此类话题的文章，考生不但可以了解医药领域的相关知识，还可以提高自己的健康意识，从而可以培养健康、积极向上的生活方式。在平时的话题训练中，考生应多关注与此类话题相关的素材。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2016·四川高考阅读D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugarfree and additivefree with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。长期以来，人们认为睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠，但研究表明，只有喝晚上挤的牛奶才真正有助于睡眠。这到底是什么原因呢？快来读文章吧！
32．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk ________.
A．started sleep more easily
B．were more anxious
C．were less active
D．woke up later
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第四段中的信息“Those given night milk ...were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime ...”可知，老鼠喝了白天挤的牛奶会更有活力，也更焦虑，故选B项。
33．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A．It's been tested on mice for ten times.
B．It can make people more energetic.
C．It exists in milk in great amount.
D．It's used in sleeping drugs.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第六段中的信息“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”可知，褪黑激素被用于安眠药中，故选D项。
34．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Night Milk and Sleep
B．Fat, Sugar and Health
C．An Experiment on Mice
D．Milk Drinking and Health
解析：选A 标题归纳题。作者在第一段就点明了文章要论述的对象——晚上挤的牛奶。在接下来的几段中，作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系，故选A项。
35．How does the author support the theme of the text?
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
解析：选D 推理判断题。文章的第二、三、四、五段都是讲研究人员的实验及其结果，所以作者是用研究人员的研究结果来支持论点的。选D项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
速解“开门见山式”文章标题归纳题
所谓“开门见山式”文章，指的是行文结构为“总分”或“总分总”结构的文章。由于大部分英语文章都是“总分”结构，因此抓住了首段也就找到了主旨大意或者标题，新闻报道类的文章更是如此。当然了，也有“总分总”结构，一般是首尾呼应，弄清楚文章的结构确定主题就简单了。如本文就属于“开门见山式”文章，采用“总分”结构，文章第一段(介绍了一项研究发现，如果牛奶是晚上从牛身上挤出来的，那么它确实能帮助人们睡眠)就点明了文章要论述的主旨，在接下来的几段中，作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系，故选A项。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·贵阳监测)I've never been the kind of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away.
For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.
In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.
Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.
Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.
So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.
They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (晚礼服)．
She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (指纹), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.
Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me — a lifesize photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一件充满爱意且特别的礼物的事情。
1．The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A．attracted me B．surprised me
C．accepted me D．refused me
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I've never been the kind of person to say, ‘it's the thought that counts’ ... when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送礼物的人的心思最重要，但几个星期前“我”的孩子们送给“我”的礼物让“我”改变了这样的想法，所以此处表示使“我”吃惊。
2．What does the house really mean to the author?
A．A house. B．A building.
C．Objects. D．Memories.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind”可知，对作者来说这栋房子意味着回忆。
3．What surprised the friends the author know after work?
A．Finding the wall repainted.
B．Erasing the fingerprints.
C．Greeting them by tears.
D．Leaving the wall unfinished.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over” 可知，令朋友们吃惊的是房屋的墙面又被重新粉刷了。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Gift Made with Love
B．Buildings Made by Children
C．A Very Wonderful Painting
D．A Family History
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段可知，这篇文章主要讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一份用爱制成的礼物的故事，故A项作本文标题最佳。
B
(2019·名校原创预测卷三)Most couples know you should never go to bed on an argument.But anger won't just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep, researchers claim. A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾气), slept worse.They are believed to keep themselves awake by thinking over their disappointment and find it harder to achieve the calmness they need to drop_off.
There may even be a physical reason, as feelings of anger increase cardiovascular (心血管的) activity, which makes it harder to go to sleep. Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they completed an anger questionnaire.Writing in the Journal of Research in Personality, they state: “These findings add to the growing evidence that being easy to get angry may lead to poor sleep and that anger and sleep are closely connected.”
Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react to specific provocations (挑衅), such as being criticized by others.Finally they were sorted into groups based on how they dealt with anger — the “angerin” group, the“angerout” group and the “angercontrol” group.
The people who controlled their anger, saying they would “keep my cool” under pressure, got better quality sleep during a week of being tracked.But those who held back their anger, within the “angerin” group, got worse sleep by comparison.The study showed those who did not let their anger out by saying “unpleasant things”， but instead chose to “boil inside” still lost out on sleep.
Previous research has suggested that people are angry because they lose out on sleep, which makes it harder to hold back negative feelings and creates a vicious circle.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，生气不仅伤害感情，而且不利于睡眠。
5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “drop off” in Paragraph 1?
A．Relieve anger. B．Fall asleep.
C．Behave reasonably. D．Improve a relationship.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“anger won't just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep”、“A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾气), slept worse”及第二段的第一句话可知，此处内容有关生气使人睡眠不佳；研究发现，人们反复地思考让自己失望的事情会使自己处于清醒的状态，并且更难达到入睡的平静状态。drop off的意思应是“打盹儿，小睡”，与fall asleep的意思相近，故选B。
6．How did psychologists carry out the research?
A．By asking volunteers specific questions.
B．By designing interesting group activities.
C．By recording volunteers' daily behaviour.
D．By collecting data from previous studies.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they completed an anger questionnaire”及第三段中的“Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react”可知，心理学家通过问志愿者们特定的问题来展开他们的研究。故选A。
7．What does the study find?
A．Sleep problems can be avoided by controlling anger.
B．Poor anger control is associated with sleep shortage.
C．Anger is not necessarily a negative feeling.
D．Anger can lead to lowquality sleep.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Writing ...anger and sleep are closely connected”可知，愤怒可能会导致低质量的睡眠。故选D。
8．Which would be the best title of the passage?
A．Dealing with anger properly guarantees good sleep
B．When and how people sleep when they are angry?
C．Going to bed angry can stop you from sleeping well
D．How are sleep problems and mental disorders linked?
解析：选C 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现——带着怒气睡觉不利于睡眠。故C项作本文标题最佳。
C
(2019·名校原创预测卷一)The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study. The study, carried out by researchers at the University of Portsmouth, found that the exaggerated (夸张的) movement of both the upper and lower body indicated aggression. Using motion capture technology, researchers found that movements reveal certain personalities, such as aggression, agreeableness and outgoingness. The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen.
Lead researcher Liam Satchell said, “When one is walking, the body naturally swings a little. An aggressive walk is one where this rotation is exaggerated.” The study also found that personalities that help with social skills — such as agreeableness and outgoingness — were particularly evident in people with increased pelvis (骨盆) movements alone, or “hip sway”．
“While little swagger (大摇大摆) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity，” Mr Satchell told MailOnline. The study assessed the personalities of 29 participants using a standard personality test called the “Big Five”. Participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire that measured their levels of aggression. Motion capture technology was then used to record how they walked on a running machine at their natural speed. While people may be aware that there is a relationship between swagger and psychology, this is the first research to provide evidence based on experiments that links aggression with the way people walk, say the researchers.
“We know of no other examples of research where the walk has been shown to have close connection with selfreported measures of personalities and suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities，” said Mr Satchell. “If CCTV observers could be trained to recognize the aggressive walk shown in this research, their ability to recognize crimes likely to happen very soon could be improved further，” said Mr Satchell.
The researchers are keen to carry out additional studies and have called more members of the public to get involved.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现：一个人走路的姿势可以表明他的性格。
9．What can we know about “motion capture technology”？
A．It is specially intended for fastmoving objects.
B．It helps to improve actors' acting techniques.
C．It has been widely used in the field of film.
D．It is a kind of exaggerated shooting skill.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen”可知，动作捕捉技术在电影中应用广泛，该技术用于捕捉演员的动作，然后再转换为电影屏幕上动画人物的动作。
10．People who walk with less overall movements tend to be ________.
A．aggressive B．creative
C．shy D．honest
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While little swagger (大摇大摆) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity”可知，如果一个人走路时很少大摇大摆，这可能说明这个人有很强的创造力。
11．What do Mr Satchell's words in the last but one paragraph suggest?
A．There's a long way to go to carry out such studies.
B．The findings will be mainly used to prevent crimes.
C．The research result concluded has been put into practice.
D．No research proves the relation between aggression and walk now.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We know of ... suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities”及最后一段可推知，Satchell先生的话表明在自发运动和性格特征之间的关系上还需要进行更多研究。
12．What is the suitable title for the passage?
A．The effects of personality types on people's walk
B．A new way of recognizing crimes by one's walk
C．How a person's walk indicates his intention
D．What one's walk says about his personality
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章开头就点明主题“The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study.”一项研究显示，走路姿势可以表明一个人的性格，下文均围绕该主题展开，故D项适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Say No Respectfully
Like most people, your natural instinct (本能) is probably to help others when you can. __1__ Whether you're declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no.
Express your thanks. __2__ If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like, “Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. I'm sorry that I'm busy that evening.”
Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didn't even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer — even if you already know what it is going to be. __3__
Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that you're honest and direct. __4__ If you can't help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you don't want to go, make that clear.
__5__ You can say no without completely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say, “I'm not free for dinner, but I would be coming for a quick drink after work.”
A．Find a way to compromise.
B．Take a pause, and then kindly say no.
C．But sometimes, you just need to say no.
D．It's strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.
E．Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.
F．If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.
G．Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了如何有礼貌地拒绝别人。
1．解析：选C 前面讲到“帮助别人可能是人的一种本能”，接下来话锋一转，说到“在有的情形下你可以礼貌地拒绝别人”，前后是转折关系，所以选C项。
2．解析：选E 本段的第一句“表达你的谢意”为段落主题句，所以空处意在进一步解释说明这一主题，而选项E的意思是“要表达清楚你很真诚地感激受到邀请”，符合语境，所以选E项。
3．解析：选B 本段首句为段落主题句，意为“在说(不)之前要思考一下”，而B项的意思是“停一下，然后再善意地拒绝”，与此处匹配，所以选B项。
4．解析：选G 由本段内容可知，本段主要讲明确答复对方，有礼貌地拒绝别人表示你是诚实的、直接的。G项“不要给人错觉，让别人觉得你可以满足他的要求”，与本段所表达的意思相符，所以选G项。
5．解析：选A 根据下文可知，本段讲述的是在拒绝别人的时候，可以留有余地，表达清楚你能做什么、愿意做什么，而A项的意思是“找到一个折中的办法”，与本段所表达的意思相符，所以选A项。
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．interval n． 间隔；间歇
2．enhance vt. 增强；提高
3．supreme adj. (程度)最大的，极度的
4．compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的
5．controversial adj. 有争议的
6．contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾
7．interpret vt. 翻译；解释
8．impulse n. 脉冲
9．complicated adj. 复杂的
10．ample adj. 充足的，充裕的
11．storage n. 储存
12．acute adj. 严重的；剧烈的
13．statistics n. 统计资料；统计数字
14．adaptation n. 变化；变种
15．mourn vi.& vt. 感到悲痛；表示哀悼
16．prescription n. 处方
17．systematic adj. 系统化的
18．temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的
19．terminal adj. 致命的；晚期的
20．minimum n. 最低；最小
21.extension n． 延期
22．sceptical adj. 怀疑的
23．absurd adj. 荒谬的；不合理的
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．circulate vi. 循环
2．digest vt. 消化
3．abuse vt. 滥用
4．fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的
5．seek vt. 寻找
6．submit vt. 提交
7．postpone vt. 延期，推迟，延迟
8．identify vt. 确定；认出，识别
9．symptom n. 症状；征兆
10．weekly adj. 每周一次的
11．decline vi. 下降
12．firm n. 商行，公司
13．rate n. 比率
14．deadline n. 截止日期，最后日期
15．vote vi. 表决
16．circumstance n. 情形；情况
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．tolerate vt.容忍→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍
2．oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；反对的→opposition n．相反→opposed adj.相反的，对立的
3．privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n．特权；优惠，优待
4．enquiry n．询问→enquire v．询问，调查
5．prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的
6．unite vt.联合；团结；统一→union n．团结→united adj.团结的
7．equip vt.使有准备→equipment n．装备；设备
8．fortune n．大笔钱财，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→misfortune n．不幸
9．concern n．担心；担忧→concerned adj.关心的，牵挂的；有关的→concerning prep.关于
10．annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的→annually adv.一年一次地，每年地，年度地
[语境活用]
1．Tom is often fortunate. Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune. Fortunately he met and married his girlfriend there.(fortune)
2．I admire you for your tolerance,_ because you can tolerate things which can't be tolerant.(tolerate)
3．Our parents are concerned about our health and future.As far as I'm concerned,_we should talk with our parents and tell them our concerns.(concern)
4．As a famous saying goes, union is strength. If united,_ we can overcome all the difficulties, so let's unite together.(unite)
5．We oppose building a chemical factory near our village, which will cause much air pollution. Luckily, because of our opposition,_the factory won't be built.(oppose)
6．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
7．If you want to join our club, there's an annual membership fee of ＄100 and the organization publishes its list of member annually. (annual)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.in_vain 徒劳，白费力气
2．at_random 随便地，随意地
3．at_all_costs 不管多大代价，无论如何
4．straight_away 立刻，马上
5．wipe_out 彻底毁灭
6．stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭
7．rob_sb.of_sth. 抢劫某人某物
8．at_any_rate 无论如何；至少
9．get_down_to 开始做
10．bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐
11．get_through 通过(考试)；完成
12．clear_up 整理；解释；澄清
13．put_off 推迟；延期
14．miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会
15．focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准
1.The people for the experiment were chosen completely at_random.
2．We must at_all_costs prevent them from finding out about the plan.
3．I have tried very hard to find out a solution to the problem, but in_vain.
4．At_any_rate,_the medical supplies will reach you within a week.
5．It's not an easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.
6．Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.
7．They have decided to put_off holding the meeting because of the bad weather.
8．It's time that I got_down_to thinking about my future.
9．I can't focus my attention on study with so much noise outside.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。
“It is＋adj.＋ for sb.to do ...”句型。
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)你通晓中国文化是有必要的。
It's_necessary_for_you_to_have a good knowledge of Chinese culture.
2.The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价想要获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
rather than并列连词，表示“而不是”。
作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。
As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.
3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.
西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。
“sb./sth.be believed to ...”意为“某人或某物被认为……”。
他被认为是健在的好的作曲家之一。
He_is_believed_to_be one of the best living composers.
二、课堂重点深化
1．postpone vt.推迟，延期
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The military training for the freshmen in the new term was postponed until/to the next Sunday because of the bad weather.
②The headmaster postponed holding (hold) the meeting until all teachers arrived at the meeting room.
[系统归纳]
postpone doing sth. 延缓/推迟做某事
postpone sth.until/to ... 把某事推迟到……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③He decided to postpone to delivering the lecture, owing to his bad health. 去掉第二个to
佳句时时写
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，你最好准时到达而不要推迟到达，因为在中国守时是礼貌的。
First_of_all,_you'd_better_arrive_on_time_instead_of_postponing_arriving_because_it_is_polite_to_be_punctual_in_China.
2．oppose vt.&vi.反对；反抗
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①All people present are opposed to working (work) extra hours on Sunday.
②We oppose using (use) this unusual technique to clone humans.
③She turned and walked off in the opposite (oppose) direction.
一句多译
我反对修改这个方案，因为它是可行的。
④I oppose_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(oppose)
⑤I am_opposed_to_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(opposed)
⑥I object_to_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(object)
⑦I am_against_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(against)
[系统归纳]
(1)oppose (sb.'s) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立
opposite adj. 对立的，在……对面的
prep. 在……的对面
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧I am opposed to go shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.go→going
佳句时时写
⑨(2015·浙江高考书面表达)当我的想法与其他人的想法对立时，我选择尊重大多数人的意见。
When_my_idea_is_opposed_to_others',_I_choose_to_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.
[名师指津] oppose＝object to＝be against“反对”；oppose后跟动词时要用动词ing形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也要用动词ing形式。
3．prohibit vt.禁止，阻止
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The environment group is demanding a complete prohibition (prohibit) against setting off fireworks in the Spring Festival.
②His small size prohibits his becoming (become) a policeman.
③There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.
句型转换
Some people think that it's necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from smoking in public places.
④Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's smoking in public places.
⑤Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from smoking in public places.
[系统归纳]
(1)prohibit (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事
禁止某人做某事
(2)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令
a prohibition against/on ... ……的禁令
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥The soldiers were prohibited from leave camp after dark.leave→leaving
佳句时时写
⑦(2014·江苏高考书面表达)事实上，中国人从来没有禁止从其他语言中提取词汇，比如日语中的“ganbu”或“minzhu”。
In_fact,_Chinese_has_never_prohibited_taking_words_from_other_languages,_for_example,_“ganbu”_or_“minzhu”_from_Japanese.
[联想发散] “禁止/阻止某人做某事”表达法荟萃：
①discourage sb. from doing sth.
②ban sb. from (doing) sth.
③prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
④forbid sb. (from) doing sth.
⑤keep sb. from doing sth.
⑥stop sb. (from) doing sth.
4．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①As a teacher, you need to show tolerance towards your students' carelessness in study.
②I couldn't tolerate being_interrupted (interrupt) when I was editing my book.
③We must learn to be tolerant of different cultures especially when we live in a multicultural society.
一句多译
我不能容忍被嘲笑。
④I_can't_tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)
⑤I_can't_bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)
⑥I_can't_put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with)
[系统归纳]
(1)tolerate (doing) sth. 容忍/容许(做)某事
(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的
be tolerant of 对……宽容；容忍……
(3)tolerance n. 容忍
show tolerance towards sb. 容忍某人
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦The school can't tolerate cheat in exams.cheat→cheating
佳句时时写
⑧(2014·江苏高考书面表达)随着英语学习者数量的增加，我们应该对我们语言中出现的不同词汇保持宽容。
As_the_number_of_English_learners_is_on_the_rise,_we_should_be_tolerant_of_different_words_in_our_language.
[联想发散] 表示“容忍，忍受”的单词或短语还有：bear, stand, put up with等。
5．submit vt.提交；递交vi.服从，屈服
[自主体验]
完成句子
①The heroic people will never submit_to foreign rule.
英雄的人民决不会屈服于外国的统治。
②You must submit_yourself_to the traffic rules when driving.
开车时你必须遵守交通规则。
③I will submit_my_reports_to you as soon as possible.
我会尽快把报告提交给你。
[系统归纳]
submit to 服从于；屈从于
submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受……；服从……
submit ...to ... 向……提交……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④We'll submit the judgement of the court.submit后加_to
佳句时时写
⑤(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)除了出色的创意之外，你还需要向学生会提交一份报告，解释你是如何想到这个点子的，以及你使用了哪些材料。
Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation,_you_need_to_submit_a_report_to_the_Student_Union,_explaining_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use.
6．seek (sought，sought) vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求，探索；试图
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Half an hour later, he sought out his favorite toy in the basket, which made him very happy.
②He sought to_climb (climb) over the fence, but failed.
③The foreigners have sought help from the local government.
完成句子
④If you want to_seek_for/after_success,_you must work hard.
如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。
⑤He told us that he was going to Beijing to_seek_his_fortune.
他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。
[系统归纳]
seek sth.from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某物
seek (after/for) sb./sth. 追求/寻找某人/某物
seek one's fortune 找出路；碰运气
seek out 找出；寻出
seek to do sth. 试图做某事
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥You should seek advice for your lawyer on this matter.for→from
佳句时时写
⑦(2014·广东高考书面表达)为了理解不同文化中成功生活的意义，理查德从2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人。
In_order_to_understand_the_meaning_of_successful_life_in_different_cultures,_Richard,_from_2011,_began_to_seek_after/for_time_twins_around_the_world.
7．equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①My father always reminds me to equip myself for the future.
②Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.
③His work experience equipped him to_deal (deal) with all kinds of people.
④Our school is equipped with much advanced equipment bought from abroad.(equip)
[系统归纳]
(1)equip ...with ... 用……装备……
equip ...for sth./to do sth. 为(做)某事而装备……
be equipped for/to do sth. 为(做)某事装备好；做好准备
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
(2)equipment n．[U] 装备，设备
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs.equipments→equipment
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)此外，由于我们学校配备了各种设施，各种各样的体育活动才能够得以举办。
Moreover,_with_all_kinds_of_facilities_equipped_in_our_school,_a_wide_range_of_sports_activities_are_able_to_be_held.
8．decline vi.&vt.下降；谢绝 n．下降；衰退
[自主体验]
写出下列句中decline的词性和含义
①I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation. vt.谢绝
②The company reported a small decline in its profits. n.下降
③As is known to us all, industry in Britain has been on the decline since the 1970s. n.衰退
单句语法填空
④There has been a sharp decline in/of the amounts of sale this year.
⑤The number of population in the poor country has declined by 10 percent during the past 10 years.
⑥Though I had difficulty walking back to my classroom, I still declined to_accept_(accept) the help of my classmates.
完成句子
⑦His health fell_into_a_decline after he was injured in the accident.
在事故中受伤后，他的健康状况每况愈下。
⑧There's a widelyheld belief that educational standards have_been_on_the decline/in decline_in the past few years.
许多人普遍认为过去几年教育水平下降了。
[系统归纳]
(1)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline to 下降/减少到
decline by 下降/减少了
(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降
in decline 下降
on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨The unemployment rate declined to 4 percent last month. to→by
佳句时时写
⑩(2017·江苏高考书面表达)然而，去年中国的经济增长率有所下降。
However,_China_saw_a_decline_in_its_economic_growth_rate_last_year.
9．fortune n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It was fortunate (fortune) enough that he found his lost wallet at last.
②What a difficult test! Fortunately (fortunate) I had worked hard, otherwise I would have failed.
③She was fortunate enough to_find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
完成句子
④Many young people want to live in big cities to seek/try_their_fortune.
许多年轻人想在大城市里寻找出路。
⑤He made_a_fortune in the gold fields of South Africa.
他在南非的金矿里发了财。
[系统归纳]
(1)seek/try one's fortune 找出路；碰运气
make a fortune 发财
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸 运地(＝luckily)
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of making fortune without hard work.making_后加a
佳句时时写
⑦(2014·湖北高考书面表达)幸运的是，她受伤不严重，我们把她送到了最近的医院。
Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital.
1．at any rate无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少
[自主体验]
完成句子
①You should make an adjustment about your behaviors at_any_rate.
你至少应该对你的行为作出调整。
②At_this_rate,_we won't make it to the destination before 5 o'clock.
照此情形，5点之前我们是不能到达目的地的。
③The driver was driving at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour on the free way.
司机在高速公路上以每小时100公里的速度开车。
[系统归纳]
at this/that rate 照此情形；如此下去
at the/a rate of 以……的速度或比率；以……的价格
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④You should read one of the English articles every day with any rate. with→at
佳句时时写
⑤(2014·湖北高考书面表达)在我看来，我们中的每个人无论如何都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。
In_my_opinion,_every_one_of_us_should_try_our_best_to_help_those_in_need_at_any_rate.
2．wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁
[自主体验]
完成句子
①The storm wiped_the_building_out only in two hours.
在仅仅两个小时之内，暴风雨就把那座建筑物毁坏了。
②He wiped__away the sweat from his brow with the back of his hand.
他用手背擦掉了额头上的汗水。
③The flowing water wiped_the_pictures_drawn_by_children_off/from the sand.
流动的水把孩子们画的画从沙子上擦掉了。
④I wiped_up_the_ground after children left the room.
孩子们离开房间后，我把地上的东西擦干净了。
[系统归纳]
wipe away 擦掉，清除掉
wipe sth. off/from 从……上擦去某物；勾销(债务等)
wipe sth. with sth. 用……擦……
wipe up 擦干净
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤The whole village was wiped away by the earthquake. away→out
佳句时时写
⑥(2015·江苏高考书面表达)交通问题是一个很难解决的问题。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还可能毁灭人们的生活。
The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life,_but_may_also_wipe_out_people's_life.
3．at all costs无论如何，不管多大代价
[自主体验]
完成句子
①Economic growth must not be achieved at_the_cost_of environment or resources.
发展经济绝不能以破坏环境、浪费资源为代价。
②The work is so urgent that we must finish it before 6 at_all_costs/at_any_cost.
这项工作如此紧急，以至于我们无论如何得在6点前完成。
③You can buy the books at_cost on the Internet.
你可以在网上以成本价买到这些书。
[系统归纳]
at the cost/expense of ... 牺牲……；以……为代价
at a cost of ... 以……的费用/价格
at any cost ＝at all costs 在任何情况下；无论如何
at cost 按成本价
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④At all cost, we must complete the task on time.cost→costs
佳句时时写
⑤(2015·安徽高考书面表达)如果我能采访他，无论如何我也要问问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员的。
If_I_could_interview_him,_I_would_ask_him_what_made_him_an_astronaut_at_all_costs.
4．It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...
[教材原句] It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.
[自主体验]
①(2017·江苏高考)It_would_be_difficult_for_developed_countries_to_maintain the size of population.
对发达国家来说那将很难维持人口规模。
②It_is_very_clever_of_them to make good use of the Internet.
他们很聪明，能充分利用互联网。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。
(2)“It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do ...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有 kind, good, right, clever, foolish, stupid, wise, rude 等。
注意事项
(1)若形容词是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价时用of sb.，反之用for sb.。
(2)of后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词有逻辑上的主表关系；而for后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词无逻辑上的主表关系。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2017·北京高考满分作文)It is wise of us to make a video to record our experiences at school.
②(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)It's difficult for a foreign learner to understand the true meaning and culture of Tang poems.
③(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)It will be not only meaningful but also interesting for you to enjoy the movie.
5．并列连词rather than
[教材原句] The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
[自主体验]
①Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_chat online with strangers rather_than_talk_with their parents face to face.
如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。
②(2014·陕西高考)We would rather our daughter stayed_at_home_with_us,_but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)rather than 常用于下列结构中：
①prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.
②would do sth.rather than do sth.
③would rather do sth.than do sth.
(2)would rather＋从句，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气：过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示过去的愿望。
注意事项
(1)rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是”。它通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。
(2)rather than 连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2017·北京高考满分作文)Personally, I would rather walk along the Yangtze River than climb the Mount Tai.
②(增分要点句)(2015·重庆高考满分作文)Of the two, I prefer to choose the latter rather than select the former.
③(增分要点句)(2015·上海高考满分作文)The reason why I am in favor of the picture in the top right corner is that it is simple and apparent rather than dull and isolating.
6．sb./sth. be believed＋动词不定式
[教材原句] Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.
[自主体验]
①Tom is believed to_be (be) the child they are looking for.
人们认为汤姆就是他们要找的那个孩子。
②The company is said to_be_advertising (advertise) for a sales manager, and you can have a try.
据说这家公司正在刊登广告招聘一名销售经理，你可以去试一下。
③The professor is reported to have succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
＝It's_reported_that_the_professor_has_succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
据报道这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
[归纳点拨]
(1)“sb./sth. be believed＋动词不定式”为固定结构，意为“人们认为(相信)……，被认为是/做……”，此结构可以和It is believed that或People believe互换。常用于这种句型的动词有say/hope/think/report/know等。
(2)动词不定式用完成时，强调动作发生在主句动作之前；用进行时，强调动作正在进行；用一般现在时，强调动作与主句动作(几乎)同时发生，或之后发生。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Depending entirely on the ratings in consumption is generally believed to be unwise.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·天津高考满分作文)It is said that you have had a good performance in the robotics skill contest.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Most babies can digest (消化) a wide range of food easily.
2．The flight was postponed (延期) because of the thick fog.
3．We can find the happiness we seek (追求) if we first share it with others.
4．Under the circumstances (情况), we must rely on ourselves.
5．They were accused of abusing (滥用) their power to keep prices artificially high.
6．As we all know, soil is fundamental (根本的) to the growth of the plants.
7．The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change.
8．Due to bad management, company profits have been declining (下降) over the last three years.
9．Your suggestion was submitted (提交) to the commission for its consideration.
10．With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many residents are opposed to building (build) the motorway. It is not a wise decision.
2．Let's postpone making (make) a decision until we have more information.
3．He has declined to_come (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else.
4．Nobody can tolerate_being_cheated (cheat), and that's why he has no friend.
5．We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
6．If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to Smart Animals.
7．You must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you，since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
8．We shared the belief that if you're fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back.
9．Many farmers opposed (opposite) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
10．She wiped the sweat off from her face with a piece of facial tissue.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．My efforts to bring about a settlement ended of vain. of→in
2．She chose a novel from the shelf in the library in random. 第二个in→at
3．The number of population in that country is now in the decline. in→on
4．He made fortune in his business trade on the Internet last year. made后加a
5．The students in the lecture hall are focusing in the professor's speech. 第二个in→on
6．They are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid. out→after/for
7．I am very much opposed to permit him to go alone at night. permit→permitting
8．To our delight, the smoking of cigarettes is in the decline in this area recently. 第一个in→on
9．The drunken driver, rather than the passersby were to blame for the traffic accident. were→was
10．He gave away his all money to buy some equipments for the new school. equipments→equipment
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．They tried their best to make her happy but_in_vain.
他们尽力使她高兴但徒劳无功。
2．One failure after another wiped_out_his_ambition for fame.
一次又一次的失败使他成名的雄心壮志化为乌有。
3．It's_clever_of_you_to work out the perfect plan in such a short time.
在这么短的时间内制定出这样完美的方案，你真是太聪明了。
4．To our delight, the_number_of_robberies_is_declining in this area recently.
让我们感到高兴的是，近来这个地区的抢劫案的数量在下降。
5．I prefer_to_take_some_exercise_outside_rather_than_play_computer_games at home on Sundays.
星期天，我宁愿出去锻炼也不愿待在家里玩电脑游戏。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“医药与健康”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——医药与健康
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①drug ②medicine ③pill ④tablet
⑤poison ⑥stress ⑦fever ⑧cough
⑨disease ⑩harmful ⑪painful ⑫meal
⑬food ⑭movement ⑮treat ⑯swim
⑰provide ⑱various ⑲healthy ⑳diet
true wise wealthy laughter
milk sleep relax
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①capsule n． (药)胶囊 ②herb n． 草药
③vitamin n. 维生素 ④insulin n. 胰岛素
⑤prescription n. 处方 ⑥swell vi. 肿胀
⑦dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的 ⑧depression n. 抑郁症
⑨sneeze vi. 打喷嚏 ⑩symptom n. 症状
⑪choke n．&vi. 窒息 ⑫allergic adj. 过敏的
⑬high adj. 高的 ⑭activity n. 活动
⑮routinely adv. 有规律地 ⑯clinical adj. 临床的
⑰nutrient n. 营养 ⑱examine vt. 检查
⑲balance n．&v. (保持)平衡 ⑳refresh v． (使)精神振作
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①take in 吸收
②carry out 执行
③reduce anxiety 减少焦虑
④lose weight 减肥
⑤fat and sugars 脂肪和糖
⑥physical activity 体育活动
⑦the amount and type of exercise 锻炼的量和类型
⑧a larger quantity of fruits and vegetables 大量水果和蔬菜
⑨human health and wellbeing 人类健康与福祉
⑩the natural setting 自然环境
⑪water activity 水中活动
⑫take any drugs 吃任何药物
⑬positive emotion 积极情绪
⑭rest and sleep 休息和睡眠
⑮keep a mind 保持一种思想
⑯take exercise 锻炼
⑰be in health 身体健康
⑱give you some advice 给你一些建议
⑲laugh and cry 笑和哭
(四)写作佳句背一背
①Smoking does harm to your health. In addition/Besides, it's a waste of money.
②Do more exercise and have enough sleep, and you will feel relaxed and energetic.
③We'd better take part in more outdoor activities instead of sitting in front of TV sets or computers for a long time, which is bad for our health.
④A lot of students spend much time on study. Therefore, they have no time for rest and sports, which really affects their health.
⑤Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
⑥People are beginning to attach much more importance to their health these days than ever before.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Mary想知道如何保持健康。请你结合以下建议，就How to Keep Healthy这个话题给她写一封信。
1．合理、健康的饮食；
2．适当的锻炼；
3．充足的睡眠和休息。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
true, be in health, give you some advice, diet, various, provide, food, nutrient, take exercise, movement, rest and sleep, healthy, wealthy, wise, keep a mind, laugh and cry, laughter, medicine
1．那是真的。
It's_true.
2．每个人都希望身体健康。
Everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health.
3．我很高兴能给你一些建议。
I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice._
4．我们需要保持饮食。
We_need_to_keep_diet.
5．各种各样的食物能给我们提供不同的营养。
Various_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients.
6．我们的身体需要它们。
Our_body_needs_them.
7．我们也应该有规律地锻炼身体。
We_should_also_take_exercise_regularly.
8．生命在于运动。
Life_lies_in_movement.
9．我们应该有充足的休息和睡眠。
We_ought_to_get_enough_rest_and_sleep._
10．你听说过吗？
Have_you_heard_it?
11．早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。
Early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise.
12．我们最好保持一种健康思想。
We'd_better_keep_a_healthy_mind.
13．我们应该关注一切。
We_should_look_at_everything.
14．别忘了多笑和少哭。
Don't_forget_to_laugh_more_and_cry_less._
15．你知道，笑是最好的药。
You_know,_laughter_is_the_best_medicine.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
16．在第3句后加入定语“关于如何保持健康的”。
I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_keep_healthy.
17．在第4句中加入定语“一个健康平衡的”。
We_need_to_keep_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet.
18．在第8句前加入状语从句“常言道”。
As_the_saying_goes,_life_lies_in_movement._
19．在第13句后加上介词短语“用一种积极的方式”。
We_should_look_at_everything_in_a_positive_way.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
20．用that引导的主语从句合并第1句和第2句。
It's_true_that_everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health.
21．用a variety of替换第5句中various，然后用that引导的定语从句合并第5句和第6句。
A_variety_of_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients_that_our_body_needs.
22．用that引导的宾语从句合并第10句和第11句。
Have_you_heard_that_early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise?
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用firstly， secondly， thirdly， last but not the least， that's to say等词汇连句成文。
Dear_Mary，
It's_true_that_everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health._I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_keep_healthy._
Firstly,_we_need_to_keep_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet._A_variety_of_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients_that_our_body_needs._Secondly,_we_should_also_take_exercise_regularly._As_the_saying_goes,_life_lies_in_movement._Thirdly,_we_ought_to_get_enough_rest_and_sleep._Have_you_heard_that_early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise？Last_but_not_the_least,_we'd_better_keep_a_healthy_mind._That's_to_say,_we_should_look_at_everything_in_a_positive_way._Don't_forget_to_laugh_more_and_cry_less._You_know,_laughter_is_the_best_medicine.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Obviously, most people who try to ❶lose_weight (减肥) generally focus all or most of their attention on the food they eat. But what about their behavior? Are there habits they could be breaking that would also help them lose weight?
According to the Ohio State University Extension, which summarized the findings, the researchers learned people who ❷routinely (routine) ate breakfasts, lunches, and dinners tended to have more success losing weight than people whose eating schedules were irregular. As a bonus, they were also more likely to eat ❸a_larger_quantity_of_fruits_and_vegetables (大量水果和蔬菜)．
One ❹activity (active) that brought a disaster to people who wanted to lose weight was watching television, particularly if they ate while watching TV — especially if they ate while watching TV after 7 p．m. People who did these things, including simply watching a lot of television, tended to have a higher body mass index (BMI), as well as a higher intake of ❺fat_and_sugars (脂肪和糖)．
Those who ate out a lot also tended to take in more fat and sugars, while eating fewer fruits and vegetables. For the purposes of the study, eating away from home was defined not only as eating in restaurants but also eating food provided by an employer or colleagues at work, buying food at convenience stores or gas stations, or buying food for fundraisers.
Finally, the best results were achieved by those motivated people who kept writing the track of ❻the_amount_and_type_of_exercise (锻炼的量和类型) they did and how many calories they ate, who planned ❼_meals (meal), and used meal replacements. Those who did these things the most generally lost more weight, ate less fat and sugars, ate more fruits and vegetables, and engaged in more ❽physical_activities (体育活动)．
So cutting out all those highcalorie snacks will help you lose weight. If so, apparently, will change some of your habits and behavior.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
treat， swim， clinical， symptom， carry out， human health and wellbeing， the natural setting， water activity， take any drugs， positive emotion)
Patients with light or moderate depression can be successfully ❶treated by swimming with dolphins, researchers said on Saturday.The study was ❷carried_out in Honduras, including patients who were thought by the doctors with light of moderate depression coming from the United States and Honduras.
For two weeks, half of the group ❸swam with dolphins for an hour a day. At the same time the other half group carried out the same type of ❹water_activities,_but with the absence of dolphins. Researchers want to find out the influence of water and ❺the_natural_setting.
All the study volunteers didn't continue to ❻take_any_drugs_ or psychotherapy (心理治疗) at least for weeks before the start of the study and did not take any drugs during the study, said the researchers from the division of ❼clinical Psychiatry at the University of Leicester Medical School.By the end of the study, those people who swam with the dolphins had a greater average reduction in their depressive ❽symptoms than those who did not.
The researchers noted that the study supports the theory of biophilia, which thinks that ❾human_health_and_wellbeing depends partly on the human connection with the natural world. The findings appeared in the issue of the British Medical Journal, leading to interactions and positive_emotions that result in psychological treatment.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment (equip), allowing more patients to be treated.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
3．(2014·江西高考)Anyway, we're here now, so let's get down to some serious work.
4．(2014·湖北高考)The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the_circumstances (circumstance) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
5．(2014·湖北高考)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerance) smile and let him go.
6．(2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to_seek (seek) their own answers.
7．(2014·浙江高考)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用decline, get through, complicated, fortune, concern, prohibit填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The following term, I registered for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was __57__.I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens.____________
2．(2015·广东高考)When does old age begin then？Sixtyfive may be outofdate as the dividing line between middle age and old age.After all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental __7__ until after age 75.____________
3．(2015·江苏高考)The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to __39__ my own cancer experience？____________
4．(2012·湖北高考)As the shopkeeper Mr. Johnson was selling me the bicycle, he said, “This is the best thing you could have done. Life has become hopelessly __35__. A bicycle is simple, and it brings to you natural things: fresh air, sunshine and exercise.” I agreed. Happy as a child, I got on the bicycle and headed out onto the streets.____________
5．(2011·江西高考)Strangely enough, she soon dreamt that she was a worldfamous chef (主厨). She made a __43__ and wore diamonds and designer clothes.Most days she relaxed by the pool, meeting the rich and famous or reading — her favorite hobby.She even took the leading role in her own TV show.____________
6．(2011·广东高考)Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. However, this __11__ is more often from parents and teachers than from students.____________
答案：1.prohibited 2.decline 3.get through 4.complicated
5．fortune 6.concern
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：“医药与健康”和人们的生活息息相关，医药科学的不断发展使得人类治疗疾病、追求健康的水平不断提高，现代人类更加关注健康。“医药与健康”包括医药安全和发展、健康的饮食、服务及其体现在科技方面的进步等。“医药与健康”成为高考命题的热点话题。通过阅读此类话题的文章，考生不但可以了解医药领域的相关知识，还可以提高自己的健康意识，从而可以培养健康、积极向上的生活方式。在平时的话题训练中，考生应多关注与此类话题相关的素材。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2016·四川高考阅读D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugarfree and additivefree with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。长期以来，人们认为睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠，但研究表明，只有喝晚上挤的牛奶才真正有助于睡眠。这到底是什么原因呢？快来读文章吧！
32．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk ________.
A．started sleep more easily
B．were more anxious
C．were less active
D．woke up later
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第四段中的信息“Those given night milk ...were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime ...”可知，老鼠喝了白天挤的牛奶会更有活力，也更焦虑，故选B项。
33．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A．It's been tested on mice for ten times.
B．It can make people more energetic.
C．It exists in milk in great amount.
D．It's used in sleeping drugs.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第六段中的信息“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”可知，褪黑激素被用于安眠药中，故选D项。
34．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Night Milk and Sleep
B．Fat, Sugar and Health
C．An Experiment on Mice
D．Milk Drinking and Health
解析：选A 标题归纳题。作者在第一段就点明了文章要论述的对象——晚上挤的牛奶。在接下来的几段中，作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系，故选A项。
35．How does the author support the theme of the text?
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
解析：选D 推理判断题。文章的第二、三、四、五段都是讲研究人员的实验及其结果，所以作者是用研究人员的研究结果来支持论点的。选D项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
速解“开门见山式”文章标题归纳题
所谓“开门见山式”文章，指的是行文结构为“总分”或“总分总”结构的文章。由于大部分英语文章都是“总分”结构，因此抓住了首段也就找到了主旨大意或者标题，新闻报道类的文章更是如此。当然了，也有“总分总”结构，一般是首尾呼应，弄清楚文章的结构确定主题就简单了。如本文就属于“开门见山式”文章，采用“总分”结构，文章第一段(介绍了一项研究发现，如果牛奶是晚上从牛身上挤出来的，那么它确实能帮助人们睡眠)就点明了文章要论述的主旨，在接下来的几段中，作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系，故选A项。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·贵阳监测)I've never been the kind of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away.
For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.
In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.
Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.
Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.
So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.
They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (晚礼服)．
She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (指纹), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.
Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me — a lifesize photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一件充满爱意且特别的礼物的事情。
1．The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A．attracted me B．surprised me
C．accepted me D．refused me
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I've never been the kind of person to say, ‘it's the thought that counts’ ... when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送礼物的人的心思最重要，但几个星期前“我”的孩子们送给“我”的礼物让“我”改变了这样的想法，所以此处表示使“我”吃惊。
2．What does the house really mean to the author?
A．A house. B．A building.
C．Objects. D．Memories.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind”可知，对作者来说这栋房子意味着回忆。
3．What surprised the friends the author know after work?
A．Finding the wall repainted.
B．Erasing the fingerprints.
C．Greeting them by tears.
D．Leaving the wall unfinished.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over” 可知，令朋友们吃惊的是房屋的墙面又被重新粉刷了。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Gift Made with Love
B．Buildings Made by Children
C．A Very Wonderful Painting
D．A Family History
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段可知，这篇文章主要讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一份用爱制成的礼物的故事，故A项作本文标题最佳。
B
(2019·名校原创预测卷三)Most couples know you should never go to bed on an argument.But anger won't just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep, researchers claim. A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾气), slept worse.They are believed to keep themselves awake by thinking over their disappointment and find it harder to achieve the calmness they need to drop_off.
There may even be a physical reason, as feelings of anger increase cardiovascular (心血管的) activity, which makes it harder to go to sleep. Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they completed an anger questionnaire.Writing in the Journal of Research in Personality, they state: “These findings add to the growing evidence that being easy to get angry may lead to poor sleep and that anger and sleep are closely connected.”
Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react to specific provocations (挑衅), such as being criticized by others.Finally they were sorted into groups based on how they dealt with anger — the “angerin” group, the“angerout” group and the “angercontrol” group.
The people who controlled their anger, saying they would “keep my cool” under pressure, got better quality sleep during a week of being tracked.But those who held back their anger, within the “angerin” group, got worse sleep by comparison.The study showed those who did not let their anger out by saying “unpleasant things”， but instead chose to “boil inside” still lost out on sleep.
Previous research has suggested that people are angry because they lose out on sleep, which makes it harder to hold back negative feelings and creates a vicious circle.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，生气不仅伤害感情，而且不利于睡眠。
5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “drop off” in Paragraph 1?
A．Relieve anger. B．Fall asleep.
C．Behave reasonably. D．Improve a relationship.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“anger won't just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep”、“A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾气), slept worse”及第二段的第一句话可知，此处内容有关生气使人睡眠不佳；研究发现，人们反复地思考让自己失望的事情会使自己处于清醒的状态，并且更难达到入睡的平静状态。drop off的意思应是“打盹儿，小睡”，与fall asleep的意思相近，故选B。
6．How did psychologists carry out the research?
A．By asking volunteers specific questions.
B．By designing interesting group activities.
C．By recording volunteers' daily behaviour.
D．By collecting data from previous studies.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they completed an anger questionnaire”及第三段中的“Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react”可知，心理学家通过问志愿者们特定的问题来展开他们的研究。故选A。
7．What does the study find?
A．Sleep problems can be avoided by controlling anger.
B．Poor anger control is associated with sleep shortage.
C．Anger is not necessarily a negative feeling.
D．Anger can lead to lowquality sleep.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Writing ...anger and sleep are closely connected”可知，愤怒可能会导致低质量的睡眠。故选D。
8．Which would be the best title of the passage?
A．Dealing with anger properly guarantees good sleep
B．When and how people sleep when they are angry?
C．Going to bed angry can stop you from sleeping well
D．How are sleep problems and mental disorders linked?
解析：选C 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现——带着怒气睡觉不利于睡眠。故C项作本文标题最佳。
C
(2019·名校原创预测卷一)The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study. The study, carried out by researchers at the University of Portsmouth, found that the exaggerated (夸张的) movement of both the upper and lower body indicated aggression. Using motion capture technology, researchers found that movements reveal certain personalities, such as aggression, agreeableness and outgoingness. The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen.
Lead researcher Liam Satchell said, “When one is walking, the body naturally swings a little. An aggressive walk is one where this rotation is exaggerated.” The study also found that personalities that help with social skills — such as agreeableness and outgoingness — were particularly evident in people with increased pelvis (骨盆) movements alone, or “hip sway”．
“While little swagger (大摇大摆) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity，” Mr Satchell told MailOnline. The study assessed the personalities of 29 participants using a standard personality test called the “Big Five”. Participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire that measured their levels of aggression. Motion capture technology was then used to record how they walked on a running machine at their natural speed. While people may be aware that there is a relationship between swagger and psychology, this is the first research to provide evidence based on experiments that links aggression with the way people walk, say the researchers.
“We know of no other examples of research where the walk has been shown to have close connection with selfreported measures of personalities and suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities，” said Mr Satchell. “If CCTV observers could be trained to recognize the aggressive walk shown in this research, their ability to recognize crimes likely to happen very soon could be improved further，” said Mr Satchell.
The researchers are keen to carry out additional studies and have called more members of the public to get involved.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现：一个人走路的姿势可以表明他的性格。
9．What can we know about “motion capture technology”？
A．It is specially intended for fastmoving objects.
B．It helps to improve actors' acting techniques.
C．It has been widely used in the field of film.
D．It is a kind of exaggerated shooting skill.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen”可知，动作捕捉技术在电影中应用广泛，该技术用于捕捉演员的动作，然后再转换为电影屏幕上动画人物的动作。
10．People who walk with less overall movements tend to be ________.
A．aggressive B．creative
C．shy D．honest
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While little swagger (大摇大摆) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity”可知，如果一个人走路时很少大摇大摆，这可能说明这个人有很强的创造力。
11．What do Mr Satchell's words in the last but one paragraph suggest?
A．There's a long way to go to carry out such studies.
B．The findings will be mainly used to prevent crimes.
C．The research result concluded has been put into practice.
D．No research proves the relation between aggression and walk now.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We know of ... suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities”及最后一段可推知，Satchell先生的话表明在自发运动和性格特征之间的关系上还需要进行更多研究。
12．What is the suitable title for the passage?
A．The effects of personality types on people's walk
B．A new way of recognizing crimes by one's walk
C．How a person's walk indicates his intention
D．What one's walk says about his personality
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章开头就点明主题“The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study.”一项研究显示，走路姿势可以表明一个人的性格，下文均围绕该主题展开，故D项适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Say No Respectfully
Like most people, your natural instinct (本能) is probably to help others when you can. __1__ Whether you're declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no.
Express your thanks. __2__ If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like, “Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. I'm sorry that I'm busy that evening.”
Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didn't even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer — even if you already know what it is going to be. __3__
Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that you're honest and direct. __4__ If you can't help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you don't want to go, make that clear.
__5__ You can say no without completely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say, “I'm not free for dinner, but I would be coming for a quick drink after work.”
A．Find a way to compromise.
B．Take a pause, and then kindly say no.
C．But sometimes, you just need to say no.
D．It's strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.
E．Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.
F．If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.
G．Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了如何有礼貌地拒绝别人。
1．解析：选C 前面讲到“帮助别人可能是人的一种本能”，接下来话锋一转，说到“在有的情形下你可以礼貌地拒绝别人”，前后是转折关系，所以选C项。
2．解析：选E 本段的第一句“表达你的谢意”为段落主题句，所以空处意在进一步解释说明这一主题，而选项E的意思是“要表达清楚你很真诚地感激受到邀请”，符合语境，所以选E项。
3．解析：选B 本段首句为段落主题句，意为“在说(不)之前要思考一下”，而B项的意思是“停一下，然后再善意地拒绝”，与此处匹配，所以选B项。
4．解析：选G 由本段内容可知，本段主要讲明确答复对方，有礼貌地拒绝别人表示你是诚实的、直接的。G项“不要给人错觉，让别人觉得你可以满足他的要求”，与本段所表达的意思相符，所以选G项。
5．解析：选A 根据下文可知，本段讲述的是在拒绝别人的时候，可以留有余地，表达清楚你能做什么、愿意做什么，而A项的意思是“找到一个折中的办法”，与本段所表达的意思相符，所以选A项。
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