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2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：必修3Unit3Backtothepast
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三言
两语
1.I'm writing to invite you to the Chinese Traditional Culture Fair to be held by our school at the Art Center this Friday afternoon，from 2：00 p．m.to 5：00 p．m.
2．I often turn to the website EnjoyReading for help，where I read a great number of articles about English and Western culture.
3．It is different kinds of foods and snacks that give you the chance to experience abundant Chinese food culture.
1.我知道你喜欢中国画这里有一条好消息要告诉你。
I know you love Chinese paintings. Here_is_a_piece_of_good_news for you.
2．我一直盼望去美国，主要有两个原因。其一是我能够体验美国文化，它被认为是世界上最多样化的。其二是我能够在这个发达国家开拓视野。
I've_been_longing_to_go to America，mainly for two reasons.One is that I can experience American culture，which_is_believed_to_be the most diverse in the world.The other is that_I_can_broaden_my_horizons in this developed country.
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)
2．complain vi.抱怨
3．decorate vt. 装饰，装潢
4．found vt. 兴建，创建
5．erupt vi. (火山等)爆发
6．fortunate adj.幸运的
7．flee vt.& vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
8．ruin n. 废墟；毁坏 vt. 破坏，毁灭
9．ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先
10．poison n. 毒药，毒物 vt. 毒害，下毒
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2019·北京卷)Although she founded (found) her company early on in life，she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining (ruin) the atmosphere of peace?
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)By the time the group got up to leave，it was_pouring(pour) outside.
4．We should strictly and voluntarily obey traffic rules，stopping at the red light rather than complaining (complain) about traffic jams.
5．The enemy soldiers fled/were_fleeing (flee) in all directions when they were attacked.
6．The explosion of the chemical plant has_poisoned(poison) more than 20 local residents so far.
拓展单词
1.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸，爆发
2.declare vt.宣布，宣称→declaration n．宣告；宣言；申报
3.judge v．判断；审判 n．法官，审判员；裁判员→judgement n．判断；判决
4.aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的→awareness n．认识，意识
5.educate vt.教育→education n．教育，培养→educator n．教育者，教育家
6.destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁→destruction n．破坏，毁灭→destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的
7.remain vt.& vi.遗留，剩余；继续存在→remaining adj.剩余的→remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Under the pressure of the public，the judges had to change their judgement at last; the murderer was sentenced to death.(judge)
2.As far as I'm aware，more and more people have an awareness of the importance of eating a healthy diet.(aware)
3.He got little education because of poverty，so he always educates his children to value the chance of study.(educate)
4.Due to the destructive hurricane，lots of villages were destroyed and many people were left homeless.(destroy)
5.A bomb exploded in the market and the explosion was heard a mile away.(explode)
6.It's declared that both sides agree to stop fighting.They are required to obey the declaration forever.(declare)
7.She devoted her remaining years to studying the remains of the Yuanmingyuan.(remain)
阅读单词
1.extreme adj.极度的；极端的
2.ceremony n．仪式，典礼
3.sandstorm n．沙尘暴，风沙
4.disaster n．灾难
5.material n．材料；物质 adj.物质的
6.statue n．雕像，雕塑
7.commercial adj.商业的，贸易的
8.volcano n．火山
9.carrier n. 航空母舰，运输设备；运输公司
1．(2017·天津卷)There were also signs that I was headed down the right path.vt.带领
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When I arrived，I saw a 2to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.n. 临时庇护处或简易的窝
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.take_over 夺取；接管
2．no_doubt 无疑，确实
3．pour_out 涌出
4．carry_out 实施；执行
5．take_part_in 参加
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
There was ①no doubt that David took ②over the company when his father retired.All the board members attended the meeting yesterday，and David delivered the keynote address.He made them aware of the determination that he would carry ③out his duty faithfully.
6.focus_on 集中(精力)于
7．turn_out 结果是，证明是
8．break_down 毁掉；身体垮掉
9．together_with 与……一起
10．have_enough_of 对……感到厌烦
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
There will be times when you meet with disappointment and have enough ④of your present life.Life won't always turn ⑤out the way you want.This is just another thing you'll have to learn to deal with.But instead of letting you break ⑥down，push on.Accept disappointment and focus ⑦on pursuing your dreams.
11.rise_up_against 起义，反抗
12．in_memory_of 纪念
13．stand_in_one's_path 阻碍(某人)
14．come_down_with 患(病)
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
In my hometown，there was a statue set up ⑧in memory of a brave officer calling on the villagers to rise up ⑨against the enemies during World War Ⅱ.Even though he came down ⑩with a serious illness，he never let it stand in⑪his path.He was a hero in the hearts of the villagers.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.介词短语位于句首引起的全部倒装
Near the city was a volcano.
(2017·北京卷·满分作文)一个美丽的现代都市——泰安坐落于泰山脚下。
At_the_foot_of_Mount_Tai_sits/lies a beautiful modern city — Tai'an.
2.It turns/turned out that...原来……；结果……
It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)结果只是看绿色的、正在生长中的东西就可以减少压力，降低血压，并使人们心情好。
It_turns_out_that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪)．
3.动名词的复合结构
The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity！
(2019·江苏卷)他站在钢琴旁，闭上眼睛，第一次听别人演奏自己的作品。
He stood by the piano，eyes closed，listening for the first time to his_own_work_being_played by someone else.
1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻；(雨)倾盆而下 vt.倒出(液体)；涌出
pour in 涌进
pour into 涌进……；使灌入
pour out (of...) (从……)倒出/涌出；倾诉
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
pour oil on the fire 火上浇油
pour out his trouble to her 向她倾诉他的苦恼
pour out in crowds 成群地涌出来
pour a large sum of money into the project 把大笔资金投入了这项工程
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
②People pour into big department stores when they have a sales drive.
[能力提升]——完成句子
他把牛奶从瓶子里倒入玻璃杯，然后喝光了。
He poured_milk_out_of_the_bottle_into_the_glass and drank it up.
2．ruin n．[C] (pl.) 废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭，崩溃 vt.破坏，毁灭；使破产
(1)in ruins 成为废墟
fall/come into ruin 被破坏了，被毁了
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
ruin your bright future/bring your bright future to ruin毁掉你的美好前途
leave the town in ruins 使这个城镇化为废墟
the ruin of his hopes他的希望的破灭
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
②In some places，roads built to help farmers fall into ruin.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)It rained for two weeks and it completely ruined our holiday.
①(高级表达)It rained for two weeks，which_completely_ruined_our_holiday. (用非限制性定语从句)
②(高级表达)It rained for two weeks，completely_ruining_our_holiday.(用现在分词作状语)
3．remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物
(1)the remains of...……的遗迹/残留
(2)remain v．留下；仍然是
remain＋
It remains to be seen...尚不确定……，还说不准……
the remains of several dinosaurs 几具恐龙遗骸
remain in one's mind 留在记忆中
remain to accompany you 留下来陪你
remain firm in (the) face of the enemy在敌人面前始终很坚定
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The poor man ate the remains (remain) of the dishes hurriedly.
②The remaining (remain) twenty patients were transferred to another hospital.
③The guests came in，but she remained seated(seat) at the desk reading.
④It remains to_be_seen(see) whether she'll be fit enough to play in the finals.
[能力提升]——完成句子
我们学校将建一个新图书馆的消息是否真实还有待证实。
It_remains_to_be_seen_whether_the_news that a new library will be built in our school is true.
[名师点津] remaining常作前置定语，表示“剩余的，剩下的”，而left常作后置定语。如：the money left＝the remaining money剩下的钱。
4．complain vi.抱怨
(1)complain (to sb.) about/of sth./that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain of sth.诉说谋事
complain against/about 投诉；申诉
(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投诉
make a complaint against/about...对……进行投诉
make a formal complaint against your delivery service 对您的送货服务正式投诉
complain of severe stomach pains 说肚子很疼
complain about working overtime 因加班而抱怨
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
The terrible food was complained about to the nurse.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我写此信意在投诉你这一个宾馆的服务。
①I am now writing to_complain_against/about the service of your hotel. (complain)
②I am now writing to_make_a_complaint_against/about the service of your hotel.(complaint)
5．flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
flee some place 逃离某地
flee to some place 逃到某地
flee from (＝escape from) 从……逃离
fled across the border to escape the fighting 为了躲避战争逃过了国境线
be forced to flee the country 被迫逃往国外
flee from hate，mischief and jealousy远离仇恨、伤害与嫉妒
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
Everyone fled from the burning building when the fire alarm sounded.
[能力提升]——完成句子
轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带。
When the bombing started，people fled_to_the_safe_place.
6．declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明
declare sb./sth.to be...宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare that...宣布……
declare him to be the winner 宣布他为获胜者
declare his true feelings to her 向她表明他的真实感情
declare for improving the public bus system宣布同意改进公共汽车系统
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What is known to us is that the Chinese government has declared against terrorism openly.
②The court declared the accused to_be(be) innocent.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The contract has been declared to be illegal.
(高级表达)It_has_been_declared_that the contract is illegal.
7．aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的
(1)be aware that...知道……；意识到……
be/become aware of 知道/意识到
as far as I am aware 就我所知
make sb.aware of 使某人意识到
(2)raise awareness of 提高对……的认识
(3)unaware adj.不知道的，没察觉到的
make people more aware of these problems 让人更加意识到这些问题
be well aware of the dangers 十分清楚这些危险
raise awareness of the dangers of passive smoking 提高对被动吸烟的危害的认识
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I took part in a group activity called “Sensitivity Sunday”，which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people.
②We should try to raise people's awareness(aware) of environmental protection.
[能力提升]——句式升级
①(普通表达)To his relief，his parents are aware of his innocence.
(高级表达) To his relief，his parents are aware that_he_is_innocent.
②(普通表达)As far as I know，the invitations to the party have all been sent.
(高级表达)As_far_as_I_am_aware，the invitations to the party have all been sent.(aware)
[名师点津] aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well，fully，very much，much等修饰，但不能用very。
8．judge n．法官，审判员；裁判员 v．判断；审判；裁判
(1)judge...from/by...根据……来判断……
judge sb./sth.to be...判断某人/事是……
so/as far as I can judge 依我判断
(2)judging by/from...根据……来判断
(3)in one's judgement依某人看来
judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong 评判她做的是对还是错
judge his own performance against others' performance对照他人的表现来判断他自己的表现
judge between right and wrong判断是非
[基础练习]——语段语法填空
Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge pointed out that a man should not be_judged only by his looks.In my judgement，what he said is reasonable.(judge)
[能力提升]——一句多译
依我判断，这本书内容相当准确。
①So/As_far_as_I_can_judge，the book is remarkably accurate.(judge)
②In_my_judgement，the book is remarkably accurate.(judgement)
③My_judgement_is_that the book is remarkably accurate.(judgement)
[名师点津] judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响。
9．take over夺取，占据；接替；接管
take up 拿起；占用；开始(从事)
take off 起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功
take in 吸收；欺骗；理解
take down 记录下来；拆除
take on 承担；呈现；雇用
took over his work after his departure他离开后接替他的工作
take two years over this book 花两年写这本书
take up much of your time 占用你很多时间
[基础练习]——写出下列句中take over的含义
①In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.It then became a rich city.夺取，占据
②Our manager told me that I would take over the job as branch manager next month.接替；接管
[能力提升]——完成句子
技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它接管我们的生活。
Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to_take_over_our_ lives.
10.no doubt 无疑，确定
(1)There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...怀疑是否……
without doubt 毫无疑问
(2)don't doubt that...不用怀疑……
doubt whether/if...怀疑/不相信是否……
doubt the truth of this statement怀疑这种说法是否符合事实
doubt what he said 不相信他说的话
be the best nurse in the hospital without doubt 无疑是那家医院最优秀的护士
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①There's some doubt whether he has the ability to do the job.
②You can complain，but I doubt if/whether it will make any difference.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)Certainly I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
①(高级表达)There_is_no_doubt_that/No_doubt I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
②(高级表达)I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule without_doubt.
[名师点津] ①doubt作动词讲时，在肯定句中接if/whether引导的宾语从句；在疑问句和否定句中接that引导的宾语从句。
②当doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中后跟that引导的同位语从句。
11．(教材P43) The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the_city_being_buried_by_sand—what a pity！这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍伐殆尽，导致这座城市被沙尘掩埋——多么遗憾啊！
[句型公式] 句中resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构。city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。
在动名词复合结构中，用普通格或所有格，一般遵循下列原则：
(1)若动名词复合结构作主语，则其逻辑主语用名词的所有格或物主代词。
(2)若动名词复合结构作宾语或表语，当其逻辑主语指人时，则该逻辑主语用普通格或所有格均可。当其逻辑主语是无生命的事物，则名词要用普通格。
[金句推送] (2018·天津卷·满分作文) I believe your joining our team will benefit us a lot.我相信你加入我们的团队会使我们受益匪浅。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The new evidence led to the thief being_caught(catch)．
②I can't imagine Tom making(make) such a mistake.
[能力提升]——一句多译
约翰上学又迟到了让他的老师很生气。
①John's_being_late_for_school_again made his teacher very angry.(动名词复合结构)
②It made his teacher very angry that_John_was_late_for_school_again.(主语从句)
12．(教材P43) It_turns_out_that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
[句型公式] 句中It turns out that...表示“原来是……；结果是……”。
It turns/turned out that...原来是……；结果是……
It turns/turned out to be...原来是……；结果是……
sb./sth.turns/turned out to be...某人或某物原来是……；某人或某物结果是……
[金句推送] The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.
原来这本书350多年来一直吸引着全世界的人。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It turned out that his brother died of a sudden heart attack.
②He said he was a doctor，but later he turned out to_be(be) a cheat.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
(高级表达)It_turned_out_that the job was harder than we thought.
[名师点津] 本句型后接that从句时，句首的it不可用别的词代替；但是如果后面接不定式时，主语可根据实际需要确定。如：The day turned out (to be) a fine day.那天倒是好天气。
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The judge declared (declare) that the young man was guilty of an attempted murder，while he himself insisted that he was innocent.
2．In recent years，a great deal of rubbish has_been_poured (pour) into the river，which smells terrible.
3．The whole city lay in ruins(ruin) after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night.
4．The Chinese Communist Party was_founded (found) on July 1,1921.
5．His (he) not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.
6．If your awareness (aware) is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
7．He wasn't allowed to go to the cinema，for a lot of work remained to_be_done (do)．
8．Judging (judge) from the book I have read，I think he is a very promising writer.
9．What worried the child most was his not being_allowed(allow) to visit his mother in hospital.
10．I can't go out with all these dishes to_wash (wash)．
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．An accident happened on the way home last night，but the driver fled from the scene.
2．The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.
3．When Mr.Green retired，his son took over the business from him.
4．Those who are going through the unpleasant time often complain about how hard their lives are.
5．A tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
维度3——查缺补漏
1．I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life.
2．I thought we'd be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ahead of time.
3．Doctors say anger can be an extremely (extreme) harmful emotion，unless you learn how to deal with it.
4．I went to a workshop and gradually (gradual) got good at making things with clay (黏土)．
5．As a world cultural (culture) relic，the Great Wall needs protection from both Chinese people and foreign tourists，a company manager said.
维度4——话题写作
1．补全要点句 (加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①根据文献判断，古代的人兴建了很多著名的建筑物。
Judging_from the historical document，people in ancient times built_many_ famous_buildings.
②有些逐渐成为废墟。另外一些至今仍然存在。
Some of them gradually_fall_into_ruin.Others remain today.
③为了纪念这些逝去的文明，有些已经重建或修复。
In_memory_of_these_lost_civilizations，some of them have been rebuilt or repaired.
④由于像沙尘暴这样的自然灾害，这些仍然存在的建筑遭受到很大的破坏。
Because there are natural_disasters_like_sandstorms，the_remaining_buildings_ are_greatly_destroyed.
⑤很多学者在寻找方法保护这些文化遗产。
Many scholars are looking for solutions_to_protect_these_cultural_remains.
⑥越来越多的人意识到这些文化遗产的重大意义。他们加入到保护它们的行列中。
More and more people are_aware_that the cultural relics are_of_great_ significance.They join to protect them.
2．升级平淡句
(1)利用连词while升级1中的句②
Some_of_them_gradually_fall_into_ruin_while_others_remain_today.
(2)利用because of升级1中的句④
Because_of_natural_disasters_like_sandstorms，the_remaining_buildings_are _greatly_destroyed.
(3)利用连词and升级1中的句⑥
More_and_more_people_are_aware_that_the_cultural_relics_are_of_great_significance_and_join_to_protect_them.
3．衔接成美文 (注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：unfortunately，therefore，to our delight)
Judging from the historical document，people in ancient times built many famous buildings.Unfortunately，some of them gradually fall into ruin while others remain today.In memory of these lost civilizations，some of them have been rebuilt or repaired.Because of natural disasters like sandstorms，the remaining buildings are greatly destroyed.Therefore，many scholars are looking for solutions to protect these cultural remains.To our delight，more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are of great significance and join to protect them.
三言
两语
1.I'm writing to invite you to the Chinese Traditional Culture Fair to be held by our school at the Art Center this Friday afternoon，from 2：00 p．m.to 5：00 p．m.
2．I often turn to the website EnjoyReading for help，where I read a great number of articles about English and Western culture.
3．It is different kinds of foods and snacks that give you the chance to experience abundant Chinese food culture.
1.我知道你喜欢中国画这里有一条好消息要告诉你。
I know you love Chinese paintings. Here_is_a_piece_of_good_news for you.
2．我一直盼望去美国，主要有两个原因。其一是我能够体验美国文化，它被认为是世界上最多样化的。其二是我能够在这个发达国家开拓视野。
I've_been_longing_to_go to America，mainly for two reasons.One is that I can experience American culture，which_is_believed_to_be the most diverse in the world.The other is that_I_can_broaden_my_horizons in this developed country.
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)
2．complain vi.抱怨
3．decorate vt. 装饰，装潢
4．found vt. 兴建，创建
5．erupt vi. (火山等)爆发
6．fortunate adj.幸运的
7．flee vt.& vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
8．ruin n. 废墟；毁坏 vt. 破坏，毁灭
9．ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先
10．poison n. 毒药，毒物 vt. 毒害，下毒
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2019·北京卷)Although she founded (found) her company early on in life，she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining (ruin) the atmosphere of peace?
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)By the time the group got up to leave，it was_pouring(pour) outside.
4．We should strictly and voluntarily obey traffic rules，stopping at the red light rather than complaining (complain) about traffic jams.
5．The enemy soldiers fled/were_fleeing (flee) in all directions when they were attacked.
6．The explosion of the chemical plant has_poisoned(poison) more than 20 local residents so far.
拓展单词
1.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸，爆发
2.declare vt.宣布，宣称→declaration n．宣告；宣言；申报
3.judge v．判断；审判 n．法官，审判员；裁判员→judgement n．判断；判决
4.aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的→awareness n．认识，意识
5.educate vt.教育→education n．教育，培养→educator n．教育者，教育家
6.destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁→destruction n．破坏，毁灭→destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的
7.remain vt.& vi.遗留，剩余；继续存在→remaining adj.剩余的→remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Under the pressure of the public，the judges had to change their judgement at last; the murderer was sentenced to death.(judge)
2.As far as I'm aware，more and more people have an awareness of the importance of eating a healthy diet.(aware)
3.He got little education because of poverty，so he always educates his children to value the chance of study.(educate)
4.Due to the destructive hurricane，lots of villages were destroyed and many people were left homeless.(destroy)
5.A bomb exploded in the market and the explosion was heard a mile away.(explode)
6.It's declared that both sides agree to stop fighting.They are required to obey the declaration forever.(declare)
7.She devoted her remaining years to studying the remains of the Yuanmingyuan.(remain)
阅读单词
1.extreme adj.极度的；极端的
2.ceremony n．仪式，典礼
3.sandstorm n．沙尘暴，风沙
4.disaster n．灾难
5.material n．材料；物质 adj.物质的
6.statue n．雕像，雕塑
7.commercial adj.商业的，贸易的
8.volcano n．火山
9.carrier n. 航空母舰，运输设备；运输公司
1．(2017·天津卷)There were also signs that I was headed down the right path.vt.带领
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When I arrived，I saw a 2to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.n. 临时庇护处或简易的窝
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.take_over 夺取；接管
2．no_doubt 无疑，确实
3．pour_out 涌出
4．carry_out 实施；执行
5．take_part_in 参加
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
There was ①no doubt that David took ②over the company when his father retired.All the board members attended the meeting yesterday，and David delivered the keynote address.He made them aware of the determination that he would carry ③out his duty faithfully.
6.focus_on 集中(精力)于
7．turn_out 结果是，证明是
8．break_down 毁掉；身体垮掉
9．together_with 与……一起
10．have_enough_of 对……感到厌烦
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
There will be times when you meet with disappointment and have enough ④of your present life.Life won't always turn ⑤out the way you want.This is just another thing you'll have to learn to deal with.But instead of letting you break ⑥down，push on.Accept disappointment and focus ⑦on pursuing your dreams.
11.rise_up_against 起义，反抗
12．in_memory_of 纪念
13．stand_in_one's_path 阻碍(某人)
14．come_down_with 患(病)
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
In my hometown，there was a statue set up ⑧in memory of a brave officer calling on the villagers to rise up ⑨against the enemies during World War Ⅱ.Even though he came down ⑩with a serious illness，he never let it stand in⑪his path.He was a hero in the hearts of the villagers.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.介词短语位于句首引起的全部倒装
Near the city was a volcano.
(2017·北京卷·满分作文)一个美丽的现代都市——泰安坐落于泰山脚下。
At_the_foot_of_Mount_Tai_sits/lies a beautiful modern city — Tai'an.
2.It turns/turned out that...原来……；结果……
It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)结果只是看绿色的、正在生长中的东西就可以减少压力，降低血压，并使人们心情好。
It_turns_out_that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪)．
3.动名词的复合结构
The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity！
(2019·江苏卷)他站在钢琴旁，闭上眼睛，第一次听别人演奏自己的作品。
He stood by the piano，eyes closed，listening for the first time to his_own_work_being_played by someone else.
1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻；(雨)倾盆而下 vt.倒出(液体)；涌出
pour in 涌进
pour into 涌进……；使灌入
pour out (of...) (从……)倒出/涌出；倾诉
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
pour oil on the fire 火上浇油
pour out his trouble to her 向她倾诉他的苦恼
pour out in crowds 成群地涌出来
pour a large sum of money into the project 把大笔资金投入了这项工程
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
②People pour into big department stores when they have a sales drive.
[能力提升]——完成句子
他把牛奶从瓶子里倒入玻璃杯，然后喝光了。
He poured_milk_out_of_the_bottle_into_the_glass and drank it up.
2．ruin n．[C] (pl.) 废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭，崩溃 vt.破坏，毁灭；使破产
(1)in ruins 成为废墟
fall/come into ruin 被破坏了，被毁了
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
ruin your bright future/bring your bright future to ruin毁掉你的美好前途
leave the town in ruins 使这个城镇化为废墟
the ruin of his hopes他的希望的破灭
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
②In some places，roads built to help farmers fall into ruin.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)It rained for two weeks and it completely ruined our holiday.
①(高级表达)It rained for two weeks，which_completely_ruined_our_holiday. (用非限制性定语从句)
②(高级表达)It rained for two weeks，completely_ruining_our_holiday.(用现在分词作状语)
3．remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物
(1)the remains of...……的遗迹/残留
(2)remain v．留下；仍然是
remain＋
It remains to be seen...尚不确定……，还说不准……
the remains of several dinosaurs 几具恐龙遗骸
remain in one's mind 留在记忆中
remain to accompany you 留下来陪你
remain firm in (the) face of the enemy在敌人面前始终很坚定
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The poor man ate the remains (remain) of the dishes hurriedly.
②The remaining (remain) twenty patients were transferred to another hospital.
③The guests came in，but she remained seated(seat) at the desk reading.
④It remains to_be_seen(see) whether she'll be fit enough to play in the finals.
[能力提升]——完成句子
我们学校将建一个新图书馆的消息是否真实还有待证实。
It_remains_to_be_seen_whether_the_news that a new library will be built in our school is true.
[名师点津] remaining常作前置定语，表示“剩余的，剩下的”，而left常作后置定语。如：the money left＝the remaining money剩下的钱。
4．complain vi.抱怨
(1)complain (to sb.) about/of sth./that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain of sth.诉说谋事
complain against/about 投诉；申诉
(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投诉
make a complaint against/about...对……进行投诉
make a formal complaint against your delivery service 对您的送货服务正式投诉
complain of severe stomach pains 说肚子很疼
complain about working overtime 因加班而抱怨
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
The terrible food was complained about to the nurse.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我写此信意在投诉你这一个宾馆的服务。
①I am now writing to_complain_against/about the service of your hotel. (complain)
②I am now writing to_make_a_complaint_against/about the service of your hotel.(complaint)
5．flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
flee some place 逃离某地
flee to some place 逃到某地
flee from (＝escape from) 从……逃离
fled across the border to escape the fighting 为了躲避战争逃过了国境线
be forced to flee the country 被迫逃往国外
flee from hate，mischief and jealousy远离仇恨、伤害与嫉妒
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
Everyone fled from the burning building when the fire alarm sounded.
[能力提升]——完成句子
轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带。
When the bombing started，people fled_to_the_safe_place.
6．declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明
declare sb./sth.to be...宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare that...宣布……
declare him to be the winner 宣布他为获胜者
declare his true feelings to her 向她表明他的真实感情
declare for improving the public bus system宣布同意改进公共汽车系统
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What is known to us is that the Chinese government has declared against terrorism openly.
②The court declared the accused to_be(be) innocent.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The contract has been declared to be illegal.
(高级表达)It_has_been_declared_that the contract is illegal.
7．aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的
(1)be aware that...知道……；意识到……
be/become aware of 知道/意识到
as far as I am aware 就我所知
make sb.aware of 使某人意识到
(2)raise awareness of 提高对……的认识
(3)unaware adj.不知道的，没察觉到的
make people more aware of these problems 让人更加意识到这些问题
be well aware of the dangers 十分清楚这些危险
raise awareness of the dangers of passive smoking 提高对被动吸烟的危害的认识
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I took part in a group activity called “Sensitivity Sunday”，which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people.
②We should try to raise people's awareness(aware) of environmental protection.
[能力提升]——句式升级
①(普通表达)To his relief，his parents are aware of his innocence.
(高级表达) To his relief，his parents are aware that_he_is_innocent.
②(普通表达)As far as I know，the invitations to the party have all been sent.
(高级表达)As_far_as_I_am_aware，the invitations to the party have all been sent.(aware)
[名师点津] aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well，fully，very much，much等修饰，但不能用very。
8．judge n．法官，审判员；裁判员 v．判断；审判；裁判
(1)judge...from/by...根据……来判断……
judge sb./sth.to be...判断某人/事是……
so/as far as I can judge 依我判断
(2)judging by/from...根据……来判断
(3)in one's judgement依某人看来
judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong 评判她做的是对还是错
judge his own performance against others' performance对照他人的表现来判断他自己的表现
judge between right and wrong判断是非
[基础练习]——语段语法填空
Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge pointed out that a man should not be_judged only by his looks.In my judgement，what he said is reasonable.(judge)
[能力提升]——一句多译
依我判断，这本书内容相当准确。
①So/As_far_as_I_can_judge，the book is remarkably accurate.(judge)
②In_my_judgement，the book is remarkably accurate.(judgement)
③My_judgement_is_that the book is remarkably accurate.(judgement)
[名师点津] judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响。
9．take over夺取，占据；接替；接管
take up 拿起；占用；开始(从事)
take off 起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功
take in 吸收；欺骗；理解
take down 记录下来；拆除
take on 承担；呈现；雇用
took over his work after his departure他离开后接替他的工作
take two years over this book 花两年写这本书
take up much of your time 占用你很多时间
[基础练习]——写出下列句中take over的含义
①In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.It then became a rich city.夺取，占据
②Our manager told me that I would take over the job as branch manager next month.接替；接管
[能力提升]——完成句子
技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它接管我们的生活。
Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to_take_over_our_ lives.
10.no doubt 无疑，确定
(1)There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...怀疑是否……
without doubt 毫无疑问
(2)don't doubt that...不用怀疑……
doubt whether/if...怀疑/不相信是否……
doubt the truth of this statement怀疑这种说法是否符合事实
doubt what he said 不相信他说的话
be the best nurse in the hospital without doubt 无疑是那家医院最优秀的护士
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①There's some doubt whether he has the ability to do the job.
②You can complain，but I doubt if/whether it will make any difference.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)Certainly I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
①(高级表达)There_is_no_doubt_that/No_doubt I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
②(高级表达)I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule without_doubt.
[名师点津] ①doubt作动词讲时，在肯定句中接if/whether引导的宾语从句；在疑问句和否定句中接that引导的宾语从句。
②当doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中后跟that引导的同位语从句。
11．(教材P43) The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the_city_being_buried_by_sand—what a pity！这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍伐殆尽，导致这座城市被沙尘掩埋——多么遗憾啊！
[句型公式] 句中resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构。city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。
在动名词复合结构中，用普通格或所有格，一般遵循下列原则：
(1)若动名词复合结构作主语，则其逻辑主语用名词的所有格或物主代词。
(2)若动名词复合结构作宾语或表语，当其逻辑主语指人时，则该逻辑主语用普通格或所有格均可。当其逻辑主语是无生命的事物，则名词要用普通格。
[金句推送] (2018·天津卷·满分作文) I believe your joining our team will benefit us a lot.我相信你加入我们的团队会使我们受益匪浅。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The new evidence led to the thief being_caught(catch)．
②I can't imagine Tom making(make) such a mistake.
[能力提升]——一句多译
约翰上学又迟到了让他的老师很生气。
①John's_being_late_for_school_again made his teacher very angry.(动名词复合结构)
②It made his teacher very angry that_John_was_late_for_school_again.(主语从句)
12．(教材P43) It_turns_out_that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
[句型公式] 句中It turns out that...表示“原来是……；结果是……”。
It turns/turned out that...原来是……；结果是……
It turns/turned out to be...原来是……；结果是……
sb./sth.turns/turned out to be...某人或某物原来是……；某人或某物结果是……
[金句推送] The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.
原来这本书350多年来一直吸引着全世界的人。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It turned out that his brother died of a sudden heart attack.
②He said he was a doctor，but later he turned out to_be(be) a cheat.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
(高级表达)It_turned_out_that the job was harder than we thought.
[名师点津] 本句型后接that从句时，句首的it不可用别的词代替；但是如果后面接不定式时，主语可根据实际需要确定。如：The day turned out (to be) a fine day.那天倒是好天气。
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The judge declared (declare) that the young man was guilty of an attempted murder，while he himself insisted that he was innocent.
2．In recent years，a great deal of rubbish has_been_poured (pour) into the river，which smells terrible.
3．The whole city lay in ruins(ruin) after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night.
4．The Chinese Communist Party was_founded (found) on July 1,1921.
5．His (he) not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.
6．If your awareness (aware) is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
7．He wasn't allowed to go to the cinema，for a lot of work remained to_be_done (do)．
8．Judging (judge) from the book I have read，I think he is a very promising writer.
9．What worried the child most was his not being_allowed(allow) to visit his mother in hospital.
10．I can't go out with all these dishes to_wash (wash)．
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．An accident happened on the way home last night，but the driver fled from the scene.
2．The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.
3．When Mr.Green retired，his son took over the business from him.
4．Those who are going through the unpleasant time often complain about how hard their lives are.
5．A tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
维度3——查缺补漏
1．I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life.
2．I thought we'd be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ahead of time.
3．Doctors say anger can be an extremely (extreme) harmful emotion，unless you learn how to deal with it.
4．I went to a workshop and gradually (gradual) got good at making things with clay (黏土)．
5．As a world cultural (culture) relic，the Great Wall needs protection from both Chinese people and foreign tourists，a company manager said.
维度4——话题写作
1．补全要点句 (加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①根据文献判断，古代的人兴建了很多著名的建筑物。
Judging_from the historical document，people in ancient times built_many_ famous_buildings.
②有些逐渐成为废墟。另外一些至今仍然存在。
Some of them gradually_fall_into_ruin.Others remain today.
③为了纪念这些逝去的文明，有些已经重建或修复。
In_memory_of_these_lost_civilizations，some of them have been rebuilt or repaired.
④由于像沙尘暴这样的自然灾害，这些仍然存在的建筑遭受到很大的破坏。
Because there are natural_disasters_like_sandstorms，the_remaining_buildings_ are_greatly_destroyed.
⑤很多学者在寻找方法保护这些文化遗产。
Many scholars are looking for solutions_to_protect_these_cultural_remains.
⑥越来越多的人意识到这些文化遗产的重大意义。他们加入到保护它们的行列中。
More and more people are_aware_that the cultural relics are_of_great_ significance.They join to protect them.
2．升级平淡句
(1)利用连词while升级1中的句②
Some_of_them_gradually_fall_into_ruin_while_others_remain_today.
(2)利用because of升级1中的句④
Because_of_natural_disasters_like_sandstorms，the_remaining_buildings_are _greatly_destroyed.
(3)利用连词and升级1中的句⑥
More_and_more_people_are_aware_that_the_cultural_relics_are_of_great_significance_and_join_to_protect_them.
3．衔接成美文 (注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：unfortunately，therefore，to our delight)
Judging from the historical document，people in ancient times built many famous buildings.Unfortunately，some of them gradually fall into ruin while others remain today.In memory of these lost civilizations，some of them have been rebuilt or repaired.Because of natural disasters like sandstorms，the remaining buildings are greatly destroyed.Therefore，many scholars are looking for solutions to protect these cultural remains.To our delight，more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are of great significance and join to protect them.
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