初中英语仁爱科普版（2024）九年级上册（2024）Function第2课时习题

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知 识 点 讲 义（教师版）
一、学习目标
能够用英语谈论改变生活的发明，包括发明者、发明时间和用途
掌握并运用功能句型：When Wh What was it used fr?
掌握并运用核心词汇：inventr, inventin, telephne, light bulb, car, affect, life-changing
能够在朗读中正确把握意群停顿（pause and sense grup）、重音（stress）和节奏（rhythm）
二、重点
功能句型：询问发明者、发明时间和用途的问答
被动语态在谈论发明中的综合运用
英语朗读中的意群划分与停顿技巧
三、难点
在口语交流中流畅地介绍一项发明（inventr, year, material, usage）
正确划分意群并在长句中合理停顿，把握重音和节奏
字词与词汇
语法与句型
规则：本课时的功能句型围绕'谈论发明'展开，综合运用被动语态。
功能句型一：询问发明者
— Wh invented the telephne? — Alexander Graham Bell invented it.
— Wh was the light bulb invented by? — It was invented by Thmas Edisn.
功能句型二：询问发明时间
— When was the telephne invented? — It was invented in 1876.
— When did Karl Benz invent the car? — He invented it in 1885.
功能句型三：询问发明的影响/用途
— Hw has the telephne affected peple's lives? — It has made cmmunicatin much easier.
— What is the light bulb used fr? — It is used fr lighting.
意群划分规则：
英语句子可以按意群（sense grup）划分，在意群之间短暂停顿。一般遵循以下原则：
主语较长时，在主语后停顿：The light bulb / was invented / by Thmas Edisn.
状语前停顿：The light bulb was invented / by Thmas Edisn / in 1879.
长句可在连接词或介词短语前停顿：As we knw, / the light bulb was invented / by Thmas Edisn / in 1879.
常见错误对照：
学习支架
Famus Inventins — Infrmatin Map
意群划分练习示例：
1. The telephne / was invented / by Alexander Graham Bell / in 1876.
2. There are a few steps / t fllw / in the inventin prcess.
3. Our inventins / can take us / anywhere!
四、知识要点
谈论发明的功能句型
介绍一项发明时，通常需要包含以下信息：
What is it?（名称）
Wh invented it?（发明者）
When was it invented?（发明时间）
What is it made f?（材质）
What is it used fr? / Hw did it change life?（用途/影响）
一般过去时被动语态
描述发明时常用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + dne），因为发明是过去发生的事。
肯定句：The telephne was invented in 1876.
否定句：The telephne wasn't invented in 1879.
疑问句：When was the telephne invented?
意群停顿技巧
朗读长句时，不要一口气读完所有单词，而应按意群（sense grup）自然停顿。意群是意义上紧密相连的词组。
技巧：① 主语与谓语之间可停顿 ② 动词与宾语之间一般不停顿 ③ 状语前可停顿 ④ 标点符号处必须停顿
重音与节奏
英语是重音计时语言（stress-timed language），重要的实词（名词、动词、形容词）需要重读，虚词（介词、冠词、连词）一般弱读。
例：We're 'inventrs. / We have made 'great 'inventins / since ur 'birth.
（重读词：inventrs, great, inventins, birth 等实词）
五、典型例题
【例1】
Match the inventins with the crrect infrmatin:
A. Telephne — ① Karl Benz — a. 1879
B. Light bulb — ② Alexander Graham Bell — b. 1885
C. Car — ③ Thmas Edisn — c. 1876
【解答】A-②-c; B-③-a; C-①-b
【点拨】本题需要匹配三项发明的发明者和年份。关键是记住三大发明的对应关系：Telephne-Bell-1876; Light bulb-Edisn-1879; Car-Benz-1885。
【例2】
Read the sentence and mark the sense grups with /:
As we knw, the telephne was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
【解答】As we knw, / the telephne was invented / by Alexander Graham Bell / in 1876.
【点拨】意群划分原则：'As we knw' 为插入语，后停顿；主语 'the telephne' 后谓语部分为一个意群；'by Alexander Graham Bell' 为动作执行者，构成一个意群；'in 1876' 为时间状语，构成一个意群。
【例3】
Chse the crrect sentence:
A. The car was invented by Karl Benz in 1885.
B. The car invented by Karl Benz in 1885.
C. The car is invented by Karl Benz in 1885.
【解答】A
【点拨】B 缺少 be 动词，不构成完整的被动语态；C 用了一般现在时 is invented，但发明是过去事件，应使用一般过去时 was invented。A 正确使用了 was invented。
同 步 练 习
导入活动
Inventin Matching Game（发明配对游戏）
★ 基础巩固
The telephne was invented ______ Alexander Graham Bell ______ 1876.
A. by; in B. by; at C. frm; in D. frm; n
The light bulb was invented by ______.
A. Alexander Graham Bell B. Karl Benz
C. Thmas Edisn D. Isaac Newtn
— When was the car invented? — It was invented in ______.
A. 1876 B. 1879 C. 1885 D. 1900
These inventins have ______ peple's lives greatly.
A. affected B. effected C. affect D. affects
The telephne is a ______ inventin.
A. life-change B. life-changing C. life-changed D. life-changes
Wh i______ the telephne? — Alexander Graham Bell did.
Mark the sense grups in the fllwing sentence with /:
The light bulb was invented by Thmas Edisn in 1879.
Cmplete the dialgue:
A: When ______ the telephne ______?
B: It ______ ______ in 1876.
A: Wh ______ it ______ ______?
B: Alexander Graham Bell.
★★ 能力提升
Which f the fllwing sentences is grammatically crrect?
A. The telephne was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
B. The telephne is invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
C. The telephne invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
D. The telephne was invent by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
The wrd 'affected' in the sentence 'These inventins have affected peple's lives' means ______.
A. created B. imprved C. influenced D. destryed
Read the passage and answer the questins.
Befre the inventin f the telephne, peple cmmunicated by writing letters r sending telegrams. It tk days r even weeks t receive a reply. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephne, which allwed peple t talk t each ther ver lng distances in real time.
The telephne has changed a lt since then. Tday's smartphnes can d much mre than just making phne calls. Peple can send messages, take phts, brwse the internet, and even make vide calls. The inventin f the telephne has truly changed the way we cmmunicate.
(1) Hw did peple cmmunicate befre the telephne?
(2) When was the telephne invented?
(3) What can smartphnes d tday besides making phne calls? (List at least tw)
(4) Hw has the telephne changed the way we cmmunicate?
Read the sentences and mark the sense grups with /:
(1) The scientist tells us there are a few steps t fllw in the inventin prcess.
(2) Our inventins can g ver land and thrugh the air.
Chse the best wrd fr each blank:
Thmas Edisn was ne f the greatest ___(1)___ in histry. He ___(2)___ the light bulb in 1879. Befre his inventin, peple used candles and il lamps fr light. The light bulb ___(3)___ peple's lives because it allwed them t see clearly ___(4)___ night. Edisn wrked very hard and tested thusands f ___(5)___ befre he fund the right material fr the bulb.
(1) A. inventrs B. discveries C. scientists D. engineers
(2) A. discvered B. invented C. fund D. created
(3) A. affected B. effected C. prtected D. stpped
(4) A. in B. n C. at D. by
(5) A. ideas B. materials C. bks D. phnes
Write 3-4 sentences intrducing a life-changing inventin. Include:
- What is it? - Wh invented it? - When was it invented? - Hw did it change peple's lives?
★★★ 拓展延伸
Read the fllwing qute and make a reasnable inference:
'Our inventins can take us anywhere! And ur inventins are here t stay!'
What des the pet mean by 'ur inventins are here t stay'? What can we infer abut the relatinship between humans and inventins?
Imagine yu are ne f the great inventrs (Bell, Edisn, r Benz). Write a shrt speech (abut 60-80 wrds) intrducing yur inventin t the wrld. Use the sentence patterns learned in this lessn.
参 考 答 案
★ 基础巩固
A
【解析】be invented by 表示'被……发明'，引出动作执行者；in 1876 表示在某一年份，用介词 in。
C
【解析】Thmas Edisn 是电灯泡的发明者。Alexander Graham Bell 发明电话，Karl Benz 发明汽车。
C
【解析】Karl Benz 在 1885 年发明了汽车。1876 年是电话，1879 年是电灯泡。
A
【解析】affect（动词）意为'影响'，effect 是名词。本句需要动词的过去分词构成现在完成时，故选 affected。
B
【解析】life-changing 为复合形容词，意为'改变生活的'，由名词+现在分词构成。
invented
【解析】Wh invented the telephne? 询问谁发明了电话，用一般过去时。
The light bulb / was invented / by Thmas Edisn / in 1879.
【解析】按意群划分：主语 'The light bulb' 后停顿；谓语 'was invented' 为一个意群；'by Thmas Edisn' 引出动作执行者；'in 1879' 为时间状语。
A: When was the telephne invented? B: It was invented in 1876. A: Wh invented it? / Wh was it invented by? B: Alexander Graham Bell.
【解析】综合运用被动语态的疑问句形式。 构成被动语态疑问句；Wh invented it 为主动语态，Wh was it invented by 为被动语态，两种都正确。
★★ 能力提升
A
【解析】B 缺少 was（被动语态不完整）；C 缺少 be 动词，不是被动语态；D invent 应为过去分词 invented。只有 A 使用了正确的一般过去时被动语态。
C
【解析】affect 是动词，意为'影响'，等同于 influence。effect 是名词，意为'效果、影响'。注意区分 affect（动词）和 effect（名词）。
(1) Befre the telephne, peple cmmunicated by writing letters r sending telegrams. (2) The telephne was invented in 1876. (3) Smartphnes can send messages, take phts, brwse the internet, and make vide calls. (any tw) (4) The telephne has changed the way we cmmunicate — frm writing letters t talking in real time, and nw t sending messages and making vide calls.
【解析】本题为信息提取和推断题。(1)(2) 直接从第一段提取；(3) 从第二段 'can send messages, take phts, brwse the internet, and even make vide calls' 提取；(4) 需要综合全文推断，从过去的写信到现在的实时通话和视频。
(1) The scientist tells us / there are a few steps / t fllw / in the inventin prcess. (2) Our inventins / can g / ver land / and thrugh the air.
【解析】(1) 主句后停顿，'there are a few steps' 为一个意群，'t fllw' 为一个意群，'in the inventin prcess' 为地点状语。(2) 主语后停顿，'can g' 为谓语，'ver land' 和 'thrugh the air' 为两个并列的介词短语。
(1) A (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) B
【解析】(1) inventrs 发明者，修饰人。(2) invented 发明，Edisn 是发明电灯泡。(3) affected 影响（动词），effected 是名词。(4) at night 在晚上，固定搭配。(5) materials 材料，测试了上千种材料来找到合适的灯丝。
Sample answer: The smartphne is ne f the mst imprtant life-changing inventins. It was invented in the early 2000s. Smartphnes are mainly made f glass and metal. They are used fr cmmunicatin, entertainment, and many ther purpses. They have made ur lives much mre cnvenient.
【解析】评分要点：包含发明名称、发明者/时间、用途、对生活的影响。语法正确，语句通顺。3-4句话。
★★★ 拓展延伸
Sample answer: 'Our inventins are here t stay' means that inventins have becme a permanent part f ur lives — they are nt ging t disappear. We can infer that humans and inventins have a clse relatinship: humans create inventins, and inventins in return shape hw humans live. Once an inventin changes life, peple can n lnger imagine life withut it.
【解析】合理推断即可。关键理解点：'here t stay' 意为'永久存在/不会消失'，说明发明已深深融入人类生活。人与发明的关系是相互依存的。
Sample answer (as Edisn): Ladies and gentlemen, I am Thmas Edisn. I have invented the light bulb. It was invented in 1879 in the United States. The light bulb is made f glass and metal. It is used fr lighting ur hmes, streets, and wrkplaces. Befre my inventin, peple used candles and il lamps, which were dim and dangerus. My inventin has affected peple's lives greatly — nw we can see clearly at night and wrk lnger hurs!
【解析】开放题。评分要点：(1) 以发明者第一人称写；(2) 包含发明的名称、时间、材质、用途、影响；(3) 运用 was/were invented by, be made f, be used fr 等句型；(4) 60-80词。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
inventr
/ɪnˈventə(r)/
n.
发明者
Thmas Edisn was a famus inventr.
inventin
/ɪnˈvenʃn/
n.
发明；发明物
The light bulb is an imprtant inventin.
telephne
/ˈtelɪfəʊn/
n.
电话
The telephne was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
light bulb
/laɪt bʌlb/
n.
电灯泡
The light bulb was invented by Thmas Edisn in 1879.
car
/kɑː(r)/
n.
汽车
The car was invented by Karl Benz in 1885.
affect
/əˈfekt/
v.
影响
These inventins have affected peple's lives greatly.
life-changing
/ˈlaɪf tʃeɪndʒɪŋ/
adj.
改变生活的
The telephne is a life-changing inventin.
invent
/ɪnˈvent/
v.
发明
Wh invented the light bulb?
sense grup
/sens ɡruːp/
n.
意群
Read the sentence and pay attentin t the sense grups.
pause
/pɔːz/
n./v.
停顿；暂停
Pay attentin t the pauses between sense grups.
stress
/stres/
n./v.
重音；重读
Pay attentin t the stress n imprtant wrds.
rhythm
/ˈrɪðəm/
n.
节奏
The pem has a nice rhythm when read alud.
错误
正确
Wh invent the telephne?
Wh invented the telephne?
The telephne was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell.
The telephne was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. (更自然)
The light bulb is invented by Edisn.
The light bulb was invented by Edisn. (过去发明用过去时)
Inventin
Inventr
Year
Cuntry
Hw it changed life
Telephne
Alexander Graham Bell
1876
USA
Made cmmunicatin pssible ver lng distances
Light bulb
Thmas Edisn
1879
USA
Allwed peple t see at night; extended wrking hurs
Car
Karl Benz
1885
Germany
Made travel faster and mre cnvenient
Inventin
Inventr
Year
Effect n life
Telephne
Alexander Graham Bell
1876
Made cmmunicatin pssible ver lng distances
Light bulb
Thmas Edisn
1879
Allwed peple t see at night
Car
Karl Benz
1885
Made travel faster and mre cnvenient