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(2025·杭州市高三年级教学质量检测)When Alexander Fleming returned t his lab in 1928，he fund a bacteria culture he had grwn was infected by fungus (霉菌)，killing any clnies it tuched.Rather than simply starting ver，Fleming switched his fcus t the fungus.He identified the bacteria-killing substance，which he called “penicillin”，and seemingly at a single strke，created the new field f antibitics (抗生素).
That’s hw mst peple see innvatin：A flash f brilliance.Then eureka！ A new wrld is brn.The truth，hwever，is messier.It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came int widespread use.
T put Fleming’s discvery in cntext，cnsider Ignaz Semmelweis，wh pineered hand washing in maternity wards (产房)，significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scrn instead f fame.That was because in the 1850s，his ideas cnflicted with the ppular miasma thery，which attributed disease t “bad air”.After his death in 1865，germ thery was accepted，paving the way fr Fleming’s later wrk.
Fleming was a gifted bilgist but a pr cmmunicatr.When he published his results in 1929，few tk ntice.In 1935，Hward Flrey and Ernst Chain discvered Fleming’s paper，understd its imprtance，and develped methds t prduce penicillin in quantity.By 1943，with Wrld War Ⅱ raging，the War Prductin Bard enlisted 21 cmpanies t mass-prduce penicillin，saving cuntless lives and ushering in the new age f antibitics.Fleming，Flrey and Chain received the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin wes much f its success t gvernment supprt.Fr many ther grundbreaking innvatins like the Internet and GPS，their innvatrs，while carving their wn path，are ften uncertain f where the pprtunity lies until they team up with ther visinaries and crpratins，wh might have the resurces t fast-track their ideas.S，lk at any significant innvatin and the myth f the lne genius and the “eureka mment” breaks dwn.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章以Alexander Fleming 发明青霉素为例，阐述了创新并非是简单的灵光一现，而是一个复杂的过程。
1.What are the first tw paragraphs mainly abut？
A.An accunt f a lab stry.
B.Redefinitin f a traditinal view.
C.Crrectin f a ppular miscnceptin.
D.An analysis f a scientific phenmenn.
C [主旨大意题。前两段先讲述了Alexander Fleming发现青霉素的故事，接着讲述绝大多数人们认为创新是灵光一闪，指出这是对创新的普遍误解，实际上青霉素从发现到广泛应用并非如此简单。所以前两段重点在于纠正这种普遍误解。故选C项。]
2.What is the message cnveyed in Paragraph 3？
A.Great minds think alike.
B.The early bird catches the wrm.
C.Luck’s gt yur back when it cmes t success.
D.Early wrk is a stepping stne t later breakthrughs.
D [段落大意题。第三段讲述了Ignaz Semmelweis倡导洗手以减少产褥热。虽然当时他的想法受到鄙视，但他的工作为Fleming后来的工作奠定了基础。这体现了早期工作对后来突破的重要性。故选D项。]
3.What des the underlined part “ushering in” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Delaying.B.Intrducing.
C.Predicting.D.Transfrming.
B [词句猜测题。画线部分所在句提到21个公司量产青霉素，拯救了无数生命，并且“ushering in the new age f antibitics”。结合语境和选项可知，此处的意思是开启了抗生素的新时代，而不是“延迟、预测或转变”抗生素的新时代。故选B项。]
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title？
A.Great Innvatins： Individuals Are True Heres
B.Frm Failure t Success： the Stry f Penicillin
C.The Lne Genius： Fleming’s Discvery f Penicillin
D.The Lng Rad t Penicillin： Hw Innvatin Happens
D [主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了青霉素从发现到广泛应用的漫长过程，并以青霉素为例，说明了创新并非是绝大部分人认为的天才的灵光一现，而是众多因素共同作用的结果，是个复杂的过程。故选D项。]
B
(2025·济南市高三模拟)Imagine waking up ne mrning t find yur smartphne missing.Yu can n lnger get guided t wrk，rder yur cffee，r cnnect with friends.Fr mst f us，it is a nightmare (噩梦).But it shuld nt be exactly far-fetched.
Despite being mre digitally cnnected than ever，we are lnelier and mre anxius.Anxiety rates increased by 25％ glbally.Depressin nw affects ver 280 millin peple wrldwide.All f this is due t ur grwing dependence n scial media and smart technlgies designed t ffer quick relief but ften at the expense f deep，meaningful engagement，which may further cause ur lss f smething easy t be ignred.
While these cnveniences ffer shrt-term relief，they may weaken ur thinking skills.Fr example，GPS has undeniably transfrmed hw we travel.But a 2020 study fund that frequent GPS users struggle mre with self-guided navigatin.Over time，thse wh depended mre n GPS shwed a sharp decline in spacial memry and prblem-slving skills.Hwever，reducing dependence n these cnveniences can lead t discmfrt.In seeking cmfrt tday，we might be trading away sme discmfrt.
That is the prblem： the very discmfrt we avid is ften what strengthens us.Viewing stress，a kind f discmfrt，as a challenge rather than a threat leads t better utcmes.Research shws that mild stress can enhance adaptability.Neurscience (神经科学) reveals that neurplasticity—the brain’s ability t frm new cnnectins—is enhanced thrugh challenging experiences.This adaptability is crucial fr develping resilience (适应力)，a prcess fueled by bth mental challenges and active effrt.
But this desn’t mean we shuld reject cmfrt entirely； it’s t balance it with intentinal discmfrt.Think f it as “micrdsing hardship”—a series f small，manageable difficulties that keep ur mental and emtinal muscles strng，such as writing with a pen，r washing dishes by hand.These small acts are enugh t reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers f ease.S，the next time yu feel the pull f ease，pause.Ask yurself：Is this mmentary cmfrt helping me grw r is it keeping me stuck？Chsing discmfrt isn’t easy，but smetimes，it’s wrth it.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过指出数字便利会给人们带来思维能力被削弱等潜在负面影响，说明了不适感可以给人们带来好处，并提倡通过“微剂量困难”来增强心理和情感韧性。
5.What des the underlined wrd “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean？
A.Pssible t change.
B.Certain t functin.
C.Unlikely t be settled.
D.Unable t be accepted.
D [词句猜测题。画线词前面讲到对我们大多数人来说，这(离开智能手机)是一场噩梦。根据画线词所在句中的But 可知，此处表转折，与上文意思相反，表示但这并非无法接受。故选D项。]
6.What may digital cnveniences cause accrding t the text？
A.The fast but wrthless relief.
B.The meaningful engagement.
C.The lss f thinking capacity.
D.The lack f necessary cmfrt.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段首句“While these cnveniences ffer shrt-term relief，they may weaken ur thinking skills.”(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)可知，数字便利可能导致思考能力的下降及丧失。故选C项。]
7.Which is a real-life applicatin f “micrdsing hardship”？
A.Taking the stairs instead f the lift.
B.Ordering take-ut fd after wrk.
C.Explring a new city by using GPS.
D.Writing an email using vice-t-text.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Think f it as ‘ micrdsing hardship’—a series f washing dishes by hand”(把它想象成“微剂量困难”——一系列小的、可以处理的困难，这些困难能让我们的心理和情绪肌肉保持强壮，如用笔写字，或者用手洗碗)可知，采取“微剂量困难”的实际行动是做一些小的、可以处理的困难的事情。A项“走楼梯而不是乘电梯”符合，故选A项。]
8.What can be a suitable title fr the text？
A.GPS： the Invisible Cst f Cnvenience
B.Stress： the Main Cause f Brain Damage
C.Discmfrt： a Hidden Surce f Resilience
D.Smartphnes： Barriers t Human Prgress
C [主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第四段中的“That is the prblem： the very discmfrt we avid is ften what strengthens us.”(那就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西)可知，文章主要以数字便利带来的潜在负面影响为切入点，讲述了不适感可以通过让我们经历挑战来增强我们的适应力。因此C项最符合文章的主旨。故选C项。]
核心
单词
A篇
Para.1：identify v.确认，认出，鉴定；找到，发现 Para.2：innvatin n.(新事物、思想或方法的)创造，创新，改革；新思想，新方法 Para.5：grundbreaking adj.开创性的，创新的，革新的
B篇
Para.2：relief n.(不快过后的)宽慰，轻松，解脱 engagement n.(与……的)密切关系；(对……的)了解 Para.3：transfrm v.使改变，使转换 Para.4：reveal v.揭示，显示，透露 enhance v.提高，增强，增进 crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.3：significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的；意味深长的→significantly adv.有重大意义地，显著地，明显地→significance n.(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思，含义
B篇
Para.2：depress v.使抑郁，使沮丧，使消沉，使失去信心→depressin n.抑郁，沮丧，消沉
Para.4：adapt v.适应(新情况)→adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的→adaptability n.适应性
Para.5：intend v.打算，想要→intentin n.打算，目的→intentinal adj.故意的，有意的，存心的
熟词
生义
A篇
culture(Para.1)常用义：n.文化，文明→文章义：n.培养物，培养细胞，培养菌
B篇
fuel(Para.4)常用义：n.燃料→文章义：v.增加，加强，刺激
核心
短语
A篇
Para.1：switch ne’s fcus t 把某人的注意力转移到 at a single strke一下子 Para.2：cme int use 开始被使用 Para.3：cnflict with 冲突 把……归因于……，认为……是由于…… Para.5：team up with...与……合作，与……协作
B篇
Para.1：cnnect with(与某人)建立良好关系，沟通 Para.2：at the expense f 以……为代价