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(2024·浙江1月卷阅读D)The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm.A single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed n a table.Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat，they wuld be given a secnd treat.Then they were left alne in the rm.Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnectin between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day.We’re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats，but by ur cmputers，phnes，and tablets—all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld，and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value—a feeling f reward and satisfactin.But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us，dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries，we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag，and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin.Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr，s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin.But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment.We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin.Therefre，just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin，we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin，resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd”in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点——身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。
1.What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test？
A.Take an examinatin alne.
B.Shw respect fr the researchers.
C.Share their treats with thers.
D.Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段“Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat，they wuld be given a secnd treat.”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二份奖励，故选D项。]
2.Accrding t Paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between .
A.the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B.the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C.the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D.the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
C [细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句话可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，故选C项。]
3.What des the authr suggest readers d？
A.Absrb new infrmatin readily.
B.Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C.Use diverse infrmatin surces.
D.Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的诱惑信息，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推知，作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者，故选B项。]
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text？
A.Eat Less，Read Mre
B.The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C.The Later，the Better
D.The Marshmallw Test fr Grwn-ups
D [标题归纳题。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的大环境下，我们成年人也应该学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故D项最适合作文章标题。故选D项。]
B
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism，including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks，and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s，I divided the bk int tw parts.In part ne，I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism，starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable，befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy： the digital declutter.This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.At the end f the thirty days，yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne，I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter.In ding s，I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1，600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them，and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters，I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use.Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices，which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter.Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章以一本书展开，介绍了数字极简主义并倡导简单的数字生活方式。
5.What is the bk aimed at？
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Slving philsphical prblems.
D.Prmting the use f a digital device.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism”，第二段中的“digital lives”和最后一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle”可知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。]
6.What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Clear-up.B.Add-n.
C.Check-in.D.Take-ver.
A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“step away frm”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。故选A项。]
7.What is presented in the final chapter f part ne？
A.Theretical mdels.
B.Statistical methds.
C.Practical examples.
D.Histrical analyses.
C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In the final chapter f part ne，I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter.”和“Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries”可推知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真实的例子。故选C项。]
8.What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw？
A.Use them as needed.
B.Recmmend them t friends.
C.Evaluate their effects.
D.Identify the ideas behind them.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.”可知，作者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现简单的数字生活方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选A项。]
核心
单词
A篇
mechanism n.机制 mismatch n.不匹配 frmative adj.形成期的 ceaselessly adv.不停地
B篇
minimalism n.极简主义 philsphy n.哲学；理念 intlerable adj.难以忍受的 ptinal adj.可选的 sustainable adj.可持续的 mindless adj.无意识的
熟词
生义
A篇
treat 常用义：v.对待→文章义：n.款待/糖果 delivery 常用义：n.递送→文章义：n.传递系统
reward 常用义：n.奖励→文章义：n.愉悦感
B篇
run 常用义：v.跑步→文章义：v.开展 wrk 常用义：v.工作→文章义：v.奏效
practice 常用义：n.练习→文章义：n.实践方法
核心
短语
A篇
cnduct a test 进行实验 fllw-up studies 后续研究 calric cnsumptin 热量摄入 infrmatin cnsumptin 信息消费 resist the temptatin 抵制诱惑
B篇
make the case fr 论证……的合理性 step away frm 远离 draw n 借鉴 take a clser lk 仔细研究 act n 践行 wrk fr 适用于