2026届高三英语二轮高效复习试题随堂演练阅读理解第二讲推理判断题——抽丝剥茧，秒懂言外之意（Word版附解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮高效复习试题随堂演练阅读理解第二讲推理判断题——抽丝剥茧，秒懂言外之意（Word版附解析），文件包含八年级英语下册Unit7单元自测·提升卷试题版A4docx、八年级英语下册Unit7单元自测·提升卷解析版docx、八年级英语下册Unit7单元自测·提升卷参考答案docx、八年级英语下册Unit7单元自测·提升卷听力音频mp3等4份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
(2025·杭州市高三年级教学质量检测)Plastic and cheap clthes are nt a glrius legacy (遗产).But a scientist explring which items frm ur technlgical civilisatin are mst likely t survive fr many millins f years as fssils (化石) has reached an irnic and instructive cnclusin： Plastic and fast fashin will be ur everlasting gelgical signature.
“Plastic will definitely be a signature ‘technfssil’，because it is incredibly durable.We are making massive amunts f it，and it gets arund the entire glbe，” says Sarah Gabbtt，a University f Leicester expert n fssils.“S wherever thse future civilisatins dig，they are ging t find plastic.”
Clthes will als make an abrupt entry int humanity’s fssil recrd.Tday，the wrld’s grwing ppulatin ften wears mass-prduced synthetic (合成的) clthing that is rapidly dumped and it is nt as easily rtted as cttn and silk.
“We are making it in ridiculus amunts，” says Gabbtt.“We stick it int landfills(废物填埋场)，which are like giant mummificatin tmbs.It is already clear that much f mdern fashin will end up being truly timeless.”
Fssils are nt just bjects left behind，but als the traces f life’s activity written int the rcks.Human activities，such as il drilling and nuclear tests，will leave lasting scars.Humankind has als created many near-indestructible chemicals，such as dixins and DDT.Given that similar mlecules prduced by bacteria have been fund in rcks that are 1，600m years ld in Western Australia，these chemicals appear t be here t stay.“And there is the graphite (石墨) used in pencils，” says Gabbtt.“It is endearing t think that it may be the drawings f children that may survive best f all： a pencil prtrait，perhaps，f a family utside a huse，with the sun shining and a rainbw arcing acrss the sky，” she says jkingly.
“The big message here is that the amunt f stuff we are nw making is eye-watering—it’s ff the scale，” says Gabbtt.All f the stuff made by humans by 1950 was a small part f all the matter n Earth.But tday it utweighs all plants and animals.“This raises serius questins fr us all，” she says.“D yu need that？ D yu really need t buy mre？”
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要说明了塑料和快时尚等人类大量制造且耐用的物品将成为人类在地质历史上永恒的标志，这引发了人们对消费行为的思考。
1.What des the authr think f the legacy mentined in Paragraph 1？
A.Trubling.
B.Shrt-lived.
C.Technlgically weak.
D.Envirnmentally harmless.
A [观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Plastic and cheap clthes are nt a glrius legacy (遗产)”可知，作者认为塑料和廉价衣服并非光彩的遗产；再结合后文作者用“an irnic and instructive cnclusin”暗示其负面影响，由此可推断出，作者觉得这些遗产是令人担忧的，故选A。]
2.What can be categrized as “technfssils”？
A.Dinsaur bnes.B.Cttn clthing.
C.Nuclear waste.D.Slid landfills.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Plastic will definitely be a signature ‘technfssil’，because it is incredibly durable”以及第五段中的“Human activities，such as il drilling and nuclear tests，will leave lasting scars”可知，技术化石是人类技术产生的且能长久留存的物质，核废料是人类核活动产生且难以消失的，可归类为技术化石，故选C。]
3.Why is “the drawings f children” mentined in Paragraph 5？
A.T highlight human creativity.
B.T celebrate mdern technlgy.
C.T stress that warmth f life is here t stay.
D.T indicate that chemicals culd be fssilized.
D [推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，该段提到人类制造了许多几乎不可摧毁的化学物质，即这些化学物质能长久留存，接着以儿童绘画为例说了铅笔中的石墨的长久留存，所以提到儿童绘画是为了表明像石墨这样的化学物质可以被石化，被留存很久，故选D。]
4.What is Gabbtt’s primary cncern？
A.Bidiversity lss.
B.Gelgical recrd accuracy.
C.Technlgical prgress.
D.Overprductin f material gds.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Gabbtt 说的话“The big message here is yu really need t buy mre？”可知，Gabbtt强调人类现在制造的物质数量过多，并对人们的消费需求提出质疑。所以她主要关心的是物质产品的过度生产，故选D。]
B
(2025·武汉高中毕业生四月调研考试)In health research，determining true causes—like whether drinking wine affects health—is vital fr infrmed decisins.But “crrelatin des nt equal causatin (因果关系)” is widely recgnized.Then hw d researchers mve beynd crrelatins t find answers？
Crrelatins ften exist withut implying causatin.Fr instance，chclate cnsumptin crrelates with the number f Nbel Prize winners in sme cuntries.Des eating chclate bst Nbel wins？ N.This crrelatin likely exists because chclate cnsumptin serves as a prxy fr wealth.In turn，wealth relates t educatin and research funding—key factrs behind Nbel achievements.S，just finding a link isn’t enugh.Scientists need mre strng evidence t establish causatin.
Unlike highly cntrlled chemistry r physics experiments，which can easily shw hw X affects Y，human bilgy ften relies n indirect evidence.It requires“inductive reasning”—drawing general cnclusins frm available evidence.It’s like hw a prsecutr (检察官) builds a criminal case using circumstantial evidence.While individual pieces might nt be persuasive，their build-up strengthens the case.There’s ne interesting cntrast，hwever.In criminal cases，the standard f prf is “beynd reasnable dubt”，but science demands prf “based n the balance f prbabilities”.This reflects scientists’ willingness t revise their beliefs when better evidence emerges.
Indirect evidence is crucial fr inferring causatin，but it is nt always cnclusive.The gld standard fr direct evidence f causatin is the randmized cntrlled trial (RCT)，where participants are randmly assigned t either receive an interventin r t be a “cntrl”.This ensures if yu see a difference between the tw grups，this can nly be due t the effect f the interventin，which effectively prves causatin.Unfrtunately，ethical (道德的) cnsideratins ften prevent us cnducting RCTs.Fr instance，we lack RCT evidence that smking causes lung cancer because the indirect evidence is s strng that such studies wuld be unethical.
Causatin in health desn’t wrk in a simple way.Factrs like lifestyle，genes，and envirnment interact t determine disease risk.Achieving perfect health requires a variety f actins，as n single habit，superfd，r magic pill is the answer.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章指出有关联并不等于有因果关系，仅发现关联不够，科学家们需要掌握更有力的证据才能确定因果关系。确定因果关系的直接证据的黄金标准是随机对照试验(RCT)。遗憾的是，出于道德方面的考量，我们常常无法进行随机对照试验。
5.What des the underlined wrd “prxy” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Replacement.B.Cnditin.
C.Indicatr.D.Preference.
C [词句猜测题。画线词所在句意思是：这种相关性可能存在是因为巧克力消费量充当了财富的某种角色；根据后文的“In turn，wealth relates t educatin and research funding—key factrs behind Nbel achievements”可知，财富与教育和研究资金相关，后两者是诺贝尔成就背后的关键因素，所以此处是说巧克力消费量能与诺贝尔奖得主数量相关是因为它能反映财富情况，C项indicatr“指示信号，标志，迹象”符合语境，与画线词意思最为接近。]
6.Hw d scientists’ inferences differ frm prsecutrs’ cnclusins？
A.They remain pen t update.
B.They guarantee abslute certainty.
C.They rely largely n indirect evidence.
D.They require higher standard f prf.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“but science demands prf‘based n the balance f prbabilities’.This reflects scientists’ willingness t revise their beliefs when better evidence emerges”可知，科学基于“概率平衡”来证明，这反映了科学家在有更好的证据出现时愿意修正自己的观点，即科学家的推断是开放的，会根据新证据更新，而检察官的标准是“beynd reasnable dubt”(排除合理怀疑)，是相对固定的，所以科学家的推断与检察官的结论不同之处在于科学家的推断保持开放以进行更新，A选项正确。]
7.Why is RCT cnsidered the gld standard fr establishing causatin？
A.It ffers wide applicatin.
B.It ensures fair assignment.
C.It avids ethical cnsideratins.
D.It identifies interventin effects.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“where participants are randmly effectively prves causatin”可知，在随机对照试验(RCT)中，参与者被随机分配接受干预或作为“对照”，这样能确保两组间的差异只能是由于干预的效果，从而有效证明因果关系。所以RCT被认为是确立因果关系的黄金标准是因为它能确定干预效果，D选项正确。]
8.What is the authr’s suggestin fr health imprvement？
A.Cunting n gd habits.
B.Integrating multiple strategies.
C.Taking a cure-all pill.
D.Leading an active lifestyle.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，健康中的因果关系很复杂，生活方式、基因和环境等因素相互作用决定疾病风险，实现完美健康需要多种行动，而不是仅靠单一的习惯、超级食物或神奇药丸就能解决的。所以可以推断作者对于健康改善的建议是综合多种策略，B选项正确。]
核心
单词
A篇
Para.1：glrius adj.值得称道的，光荣的，荣耀的 Para.2：durable adj.耐用的；持久的
Para.3：abrupt adj.突然的，意外的 dump v.丢弃、扔掉、倾倒 Para.4：ridiculus adj.愚蠢的，荒谬的，荒唐的 Para.5：endearing adj.令人爱慕的，惹人喜爱的，讨人喜欢的
Para.6：utweigh v.重于，大于，超过
B篇
Para.1：crrelatin n.相互关系，相关，关联 Para.2：cnsumptin n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量 Para.3：persuasive adj.有说服力的 emerge v.出现，浮现；暴露，露出真相，被知晓 Para.4：cnclusive adj.结论性的，不容置疑的，确凿的 interventin n.干涉
核心
短语
A篇
Para.1：be likely t 很可能，有可能 reach a cnclusin 得出结论
B篇
Para.1：infrmed decisin 明智的决定 Para.2：serve as 充当，担任 Para.3：inductive reasning 归纳推理 circumstantial evidence 旁证
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.1：instruct v.指示，命令，吩咐→instructin n.指示，命令，吩咐；[pl.]用法说明→instructive adj.富有教益的；增长知识的 Para.2：incredible adj.不能相信的，难以置信的→incredibly adv.令人难以置信；极端地，极其→incredibility n.不能相信