2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)专题07完形填空说明文(大题专练)(全国通用)(学生版+解析)

这是一份2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)专题07完形填空说明文(大题专练)(全国通用)(学生版+解析)，共6页。
【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式
【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分
命题·趋势·定位
1. 选材特点： 说明文完形填空通常介绍科学发现、社会现象、文化习俗、技术创新或事物原理。选材多源自权威杂志、研究报告或科普文章，内容客观、严谨，具有时代性和知识性。
2. 语篇结构： 结构清晰，常遵循“引出话题 → 介绍背景/定义概念 → 阐述细节/列举论据 → 总结意义/展望未来”的逻辑顺序。文章脉络清晰，逻辑性强，多包含定义、举例、对比、因果等关系。
3. 命题热点：
上下文逻辑推理：根据转折、因果、并列、递进等逻辑关系推断答案。
专业术语与语境理解：在科普或专业语境中，理解并选择符合语境的名词、动词。
固定搭配与句式结构：考查常见动词短语、介词短语及特定句型结构。
作者观点与态度：通过文中关键词句推断作者对所述事物的态度（支持、反对、客观等）。
4. 常见的设问形式：
考查连接词（hwever, therefre, mrever）以体现逻辑关系。
考查实词（动词、名词、形容词）在专业语境下的准确运用。
考查对长难句的理解及句内成分的搭配。
热点·角度·拆解
热点角度01 上下文逻辑与专业语境
析典例·建模型
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they've lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. [1]______, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent [2]______ when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are [3]______ black r white.
1. A. On ne hand B. Afterwards C. As a result D. Abve all
2. A. victim B. instance C. transparency D. certainty
3. A. frequently B. generally C. rarely D. mainly
【解题建模】
第一步，通读全文，把握主旨。 文章探讨医生在医疗实践中面对不确定性时，其沟通方式应如何调整。
第二步，逐空分析，运用逻辑与语境。
第1空：前句说医生被教导要传达自信和确定性，后句说患者期望明确的诊断，前后为因果关系。“As a result”（因此）符合逻辑。选C。
第2空：前文多次提到“cnfidence and certainty”，此处指医生表现出的明显“确定性”（certainty）。选D。
第3空：前句“infrmatin verlad”说明信息复杂，答案很少（rarely）是黑白分明的。选C。
第三步，验证答案，确保连贯。 代入答案后，逻辑链条清晰：医生传达确定性 → 患者因此期望明确答案 → 但信息爆炸使答案不再明确。
研考点·通技法
破类题·提能力
（2025·上海卷·高考真题）
In the scientific field, just as imprtant as raising ur vices is hw we cme tgether. Prgress desn’t happen 1 ; it’s fueled by cperatin. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists frm different backgrunds harmnize their expertise (专门技术) t create smething greater than the 2 f its parts.
I’ve witnessed that cperative pwer firsthand thrugh an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings tgether lcal gvernments, tribal cmmunities, academic institutins, and private landwners. Their 3 missin? Addressing critical shrtages in native plant materials t supprt fire reductin, freign species cntrl, and habitat restratin acrss the western United States.
It culdn’t have succeeded withut the cmbined expertise f these 4 grups. Each cntributes smething essential, prving that large-scale cnservatin effrts dn’t happen 5 ; they require lng-term investment, cperatin, and cmmitment. It’s a mdel fr hw we shuld 6 slutins that encurage innvatin and transfrm the wrld. That’s why I’m s passinate abut the CES netwrk — it’s right there in the name: Cperative Ecsystem Studies. Exchanging knwledge and expertise is the fundatin f scientific prgress. Thrugh partnerships, imprvements emerge that might 7 remain difficult t achieve. Fr example, a prject highlight I’m currently writing lks at the cperatin between University f Oregn researchers and the Park Service t study the cultural landscape f Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave micrbilgist, the university team 8 hadn’t cnsidered the rle f micrscpic life in preservatin. But nce invlved, the micrbilgist’s advice prved 9 .
One key mment came when the team faced the 10 f a wrsening histric wden staircase, which had becme a habitat fr micrrganisms. Withut precautins(预防措施,), disturbing the structure culd have 11 the cave’s delicate ecsystem. Befre remving it, the micrbilgist prpsed cvering the staircase t 12 unintended harm. After the successful relcatin, the team prpsed using prjected images t illustrate its frmer 13 , enabling visitrs t appreciate its histrical significance.
This cperatin — cmbining scientific expertise with cultural preservatin — safeguarded bth the cave’s eclgical 14 and histrical significance. The result is an apprach that 15 envirnmental cnservatin and cultural preservatin, ensuring the lng-term prtectin f ur natinal parks.
T ften, scientific research perates separately. But real prgress desn’t cme frm ppsitin; it cmes frm cperatin.
1．A．in timeB．under discussinC．fr gdD．in islatin
2．A．differenceB．changeC．sumD．management
3．A．respectiveB．desertedC．transitinalD．shared
4．A．diverseB．educatinalC．freignD．reginal
5．A．slwlyB．alngsideC．vernightD．prperly
6．A．unlckB．skipC．interpretD．classify
7．A．similarlyB．therwiseC．altgetherD．eventually
8．A．cnsequentlyB．regretfullyC．frtunatelyD．initially
9．A．unrealisticB．invaluableC．misleadingD．cnventinal
10．A．establishmentB．decratinC．remvalD．cverage
11．A．sustainedB．replacedC．refrmedD．ruined
12．A．causeB．maskC．preventD．suffer
13．A．presenceB．expressinC．pllutinD．strategy
14．A．supervisinB．integrityC．guidanceD．ccupatin
15．A．accessesB．balancesC．evaluatesD．traces
热点角度02 固定搭配与句式结构
析典例·建模型
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be [1]______ wrking in a field in which they're cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment (小恙), he tells them t [2]______ their inquiry — cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin.
1. A. cmpared with B. accunted fr C. accustmed t D. annyed at
2. A. cver B. train C. clarify D. braden
【解题建模】
第一步，定位考点。 本题组主要考查动词短语和动词与宾语的搭配。
第二步，分析搭配与语境。
第1空：be accustmed t (ding) sth. 意为“习惯于……”，医生需要习惯于在充满变数的领域工作。选C。
第2空：根据后文“cme up with a list f pssibilities”可知，是拓宽（braden）询问的范围。选D。
第三步，代入验证。 “be accustmed t”准确描述了医生的职业状态，“braden their inquiry”与后文的“a list”形成完美呼应。
研考点·通技法
破类题·提能力
（2023·上海卷·高考真题）
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. 1 , patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs’ apparent 2 when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are 2 black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients’ expectatins haven’t 3 , either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut 4 uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty.”
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be 5 wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment (小恙), he tells them t 6 their inquiry — cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best 7 and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgy has helped 8 the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre 9 diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an 10 and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an 11 level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease.”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t 12 a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌症结节). It can als 13 quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, 14 , is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
1．A．On ne handB．AfterwardsC．As a resultD．Abve all
2．A．victimB．instanceC．transparencyD．certainty
3．A．frequentlyB．generallyC．rarelyD．mainly
4．A．adredB．transfrmedC．fadedD．adjusted
5．A．limitingB．hittingC．threateningD．assembling
6．A．cmpared withB．accunted frC．accustmed tD．annyed at
7．A．cverB．trainC．clarifyD．braden
8．A．identifyB．cureC．defendD．cause
9．A．enlightenB．redefineC．cmmitD．guarantee
10．A．accurateB．plainC．seriusD．remedial
11．A．challengeB．encunterC．cnversatinD．dispute
12．A．dangerusB．maximalC．unfavrableD．cntrasting
13．A．stuffB．hintC．cmmunicateD．indicate
14．A．cncludeB．understandC．assumeD．calculate
15．A．hweverB．therefreC．mreverD．hence
（建议用时：45分钟）
刷模拟
A
（2026·湖北武汉·模拟）
In recent years, the cncept f “digital minimalism” has gained significant tractin. It’s a philsphy that encurages individuals t be mre [1]______ abut their use f technlgy, fcusing nly n the tls that [2]______ value t their lives. The idea isn’t t [3]______ technlgy altgether, but t use it with intentin.
Cal Newprt, a cmputer science prfessr, [4]______ the term in his 2019 bk. He argues that the cnstant [5]______ f ntificatins and the pressure t be always nline are [6]______ ur ability t fcus deeply. This cnstant distractin, he says, leads t higher levels f [7]______ and a lwer sense f wellbeing.
The practice f digital minimalism invlves a threestep prcess. First, yu take a 30day break frm any technlgy yu [8]______ ptinal. This “digital declutter” allws yu t [9]______ what these tls actually add t yur life. Secnd, during this break, yu [10]______ activities that yu find meaningful, like reading, exercising, r spending time in nature. Finally, after the break, yu [11]______ back a select few technlgies that truly serve yur [12]______ , but n yur wn terms.
While the idea may seem [13]______ in ur hypercnnected wrld, many wh have adpted the practice reprt feeling mre fcused, less anxius, and mre [14]______ with their ffline lives. It serves as a pwerful [15]______ that we, nt ur devices, shuld be in cntrl.
1. A. curius B. anxius C. intentinal D. enthusiastic
2. A. add B. cmpare C. lse D. reduce
3. A. adpt B. reject C. master D. study
4. A. avided B. ppularized C. invented D. ignred
5. A. fld B. lack C. silence D. analysis
6. A. enhancing B. damaging C. measuring D. testing
7. A. creativity B. prductivity C. stress D. happiness
8. A. cnsider B. prve C. pretend D. make
9. A. frget B. hide C. assess D. ignre
10. A. cut back n B. lk frward t C. run ut f D. take part in
11. A. hld B. call C. bring D. pay
12. A. gals B. dubts C. mistakes D. trubles
13. A. practical B. necessary C. extreme D. simple
14. A. bred B. cnnected C. busy D. familiar
15. A. warning B. prmise C. reminder D. example
B
（2026·江苏南京·模拟）The secret t a lnger, healthier life might be simpler than we think. A grwing bdy f research suggests that having a strng sense f [1]______ is a key factr. This isn’t abut aviding illness, but abut having a reasn t get up in the mrning.
Studies have shwn that peple with a strng “why” tend t have lwer rates f heart disease, better cgnitive functin, and even [2]______ lnger lives. One landmark study fllwed thusands f lder adults fr years and fund that thse wh reprted a high sense f purpse were significantly less likely t [3]______ frm a strke r heart attack.
S, hw des purpse [4]______ its prtective effects? Scientists believe it’s a cmbinatin f factrs. Peple with purpse are mre likely t [5]______ in healthy behavirs, like regular exercise and a balanced diet. They als tend t have lwer levels f stress hrmnes, as a sense f directin helps them [6]______ life’s inevitable challenges. Furthermre, purpse ften [7]______ scial cnnectins, which are themselves a pwerful predictr f health.
The gd news is that purpse isn’t smething yu either have r yu dn’t. It can be [8]______ . It might be fund in nurturing a family, [9]______ fr a cause yu believe in, mastering a skill, r simply taking care f a pet. The key is t identify what [10]______ t yu and cmmit t it.
In a wrld that ften [11]______ n prductivity and achievement, it’s easy t verlk this fundamental human need. But investing in yur sense f purpse may be ne f the mst [12]______ things yu can d fr yur lngterm health and happiness. It’s a [13]______ that the best things in life aren’t things at all, but the [14]______ that gives ur lives meaning. As ne researcher put it, “Having a reasn t live is a [15]______ reasn t live lnger.”
1. A. humr B. purpse C. justice D. balance
2. A. live B. enjy C. survive D. endure
3. A. recver B. suffer C. die D. learn
4. A. weaken B. lse C. exert D. avid
5. A. engage B. believe C. result D. specialize
6. A. create B. ignre C. navigate D. wrsen
7. A. breaks B. weakens C. severs D. fsters
8. A. inherited B. measured C. cultivated D. ignred
9. A. waiting B. vlunteering C. preparing D. lnging
10. A. refers B. cntributes C. turns D. matters
11. A. fcuses B. depends C. insists D. passes
12. A. stressful B. harmful C. pwerful D. challenging
13. A. reminder B. prmise C. burden D. chice
14. A. mney B. success C. health D. meaning
15. A. strange B. pwerful C. simple D. cmmn
C
（2026·广东深圳·模拟）Have yu ever wndered why sme peple seem t bunce back frm every setback while thers fall apart? The answer ften lies in a quality psychlgists call “resilience.” Resilience is nt a [1]______ trait that yu’re either brn with r withut. Rather, it’s a set f skills that can be [2]______ and strengthened ver time.
At its cre, resilience is the ability t [3]______ adversity and adapt well in the face f trauma, tragedy, r significant stress. It’s abut [4]______, nt aviding, difficulties. The American Psychlgical Assciatin utlines several factrs that [5]______ t resilience. These include the capacity t make realistic plans and take steps t carry them ut, a psitive view f yurself and cnfidence in yur strengths, and skills in cmmunicatin and prblemslving.
One f the mst imprtant factrs, hwever, is the presence f supprtive relatinships. Having at least ne trusted persn yu can [6]______ n fr encuragement and supprt acts as a [7]______ against life’s hardships. These relatinships prvide rle mdels and ffer the reassurance that yu are nt alne in yur [8]______.
Resilience desn’t mean yu wn’t experience difficulty r distress. Emtinal pain and sadness are cmmn in peple wh have [9]______ majr adversity. The path t resilience is likely t invlve cnsiderable emtinal [10]______. The key is that resilient individuals are able t [11]______ this pain, learn frm the experience, and eventually mve frward.
Frtunately, resilience can be cultivated. Practices like maintaining a hpeful utlk, [12]______ change as a part f life, and taking decisive [13]______ can all help build yur resilience “muscle.” By actively wrking n these skills, yu can learn t [14]______ life’s challenges mre effectively, nt just surviving them, but using them as a [15]______ fr grwth.
1. A. cmmn B. rare C. fixed D. simple
2. A. learned B. ignred C. inherited D. hidden
3. A. cause B. avid C. welcme D. handle
4. A. fearing B. facing C. escaping D. creating
5. A. cntribute B. lead C. cmpare D. limit
6. A. depend B. pass C. turn D. insist
7. A. cure B. shield C. tl D. rule
8. A. success B. struggles C. victries D. jys
9. A. sught B. created C. suffered D. avided
10. A. stability B. calmness C. distress D. intelligence
11. A. ignre B. prcess C. frget D. cause
12. A. viewing B. preventing C. resisting D. cntrlling
13. A. ntes B. actins C. phts D. jkes
14. A. create B. avid C. wrsen D. navigate
15. A. barrier B. threat C. cause D. catalyst
刷真题
A
（2023·上海·真题）Dctrs are scientists whperate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. 1 , patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent 2 when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are 3 black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients'expectatins haven't 4 , either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut 5 uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
Dctrs in training,like gamblers, need t be 6 wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment (小恙), he tells them t 7 their inquiry — cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best 8 and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgyhas helped 9 the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre 10 diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an 11 and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an 12 level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t 13 a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌症结节). It can als 14 quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, 15 , is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
1．A．On the handB．AfterwardsC．As a resultD．Abve all
2．A．victimB．instanceC．transparencyD．certainty
3．A．frequentlyB．generallyC．rarelyD．mainly
4．A．adredB．transfrmedC．fadedD．adjusted
5．A．limitingB．hittingC．threateningD．assembling
6．A．cmpared withB．accunted frC．accustmed tD．annyed at
7．A．cverB．trainC．clarifyD．braden
8．A．identifyB．cureC．defendD．cause
9．A．enlightenB．redefineC．cmmitD．guarantee
10．A．accurateB．plainC．seriusD．remedial
11．A．challengeB．encunterC．cnversatinD．dispute
12．A．dangerusB．maximalC．unfavrableD．cntrasting
13．A．stuffB．hintC．cmmunicateD．indicate
14．A．cncludeB．understandC．assumeD．calculate
15．A．hweverB．therefreC．mreverD．hence
B
（2024·浙江1月卷·高考真题）While taking a 20hur train ride alng the edge f the Taklimakan Desert in nrthwestern China, I had the kind f humbling, educatinal, and abve all else, wnderful [1]______ with a lcal that all travelers lng fr. A yung Chinese man [2]______ me n the train. My [3]______ friend spke virtually n English, s I happily tk the [4]______ t practice my Chinese.
Over several hurs, he wuld tell me abut hw he had [5]______ a twyear prfessinal schl t quickly find a jb [6]______ highways in rder t help supprt his family. Perhaps the mst [7]______, hwever, was the fact that this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr. Withut batting an eye, he wuld [8]______ a translated Emersn passage befre asking abut the literary influence f American [9]______ as a whle. “And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs?” I [10]______ him asking at ne pint.
It wuld have been easy t [11]______ my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme. But this highly infrmed, [12]______, and admirable persn prevented me ding s. In the curse f a cuple f hurs, he [13]______ me just hw much ne can gain frm [14]______ with an pen mind, and a willingness t [15]______ with lcals frm all walks f life.
1. A. experiment B. encunter C. cmpetitin D. appintment
2. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. apprached
3. A. true B. scalled C. new D. lnglst
4. A. chance B. advice C. truble D. right
5. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. funded
6. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding
7. A. typical B. bvius C. natural D. remarkable
8. A. publish B. qute C. cpy D. dwnlad
9. A. writers B. histrians C. wrkers D. students
10. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch
11. A. lk int B. rely n C. g ver D. deal with
12. A. wellbehaved B. multiskilled C. warmhearted D. selfeducated
13. A. asked B. warned C. shwed D. prmised
14. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching
15. A. cperate B. side C. negtiate D. engage
2023-2025高考考点细目（完形填空说明文）
卷别
词数
主题
话题
命题形式
2025·上海卷
约420
人与社会
科学合作在生态保护与科研中的关键作用
逻辑关系、词义辨析、动词短语
2023·上海卷
约430
人与社会
医学诊断中确定性与不确定性的平衡
逻辑关系、专业语境词义、固定搭配
2024·浙江1月卷
约390
人与自然
动物文化行为与人类对文化遗产定义的思考
语境推理、名词辨析、情感态度
2024·北京卷
约350
人与自我
尝试新事物带来的成长与自信
词义辨析、情感变化、语境逻辑
2023·全国乙卷
约380
人与社会
美国体操运动员的奋斗与成功
动词短语、名词辨析、人物经历
2025·上海卷
约420
人与社会
科学合作在生态保护与科研中的关键作用
逻辑关系、词义辨析、动词短语
2023·上海卷
约430
人与社会
医学诊断中确定性与不确定性的平衡
逻辑关系、专业语境词义、固定搭配
2024·浙江1月卷
约390
人与自然
动物文化行为与人类对文化遗产定义的思考
语境推理、名词辨析、情感态度
逻辑关系词
说明文逻辑严密，要特别关注因果（as a result, therefre）、转折（hwever, but）、并列（and, mrever） 等连接词，它们能揭示句子间的内在联系。
专业语境词义
在科普或专业类文章中，要结合语境理解词汇的特定含义。如“certainty”在医学语境中代表“诊断的确定性”。
固定搭配
熟练掌握常见动词短语（如be accustmed t, cme up with）、介词短语（如in islatin, as a result）和句型结构（如it’）。
动宾搭配
注意动词与宾语的逻辑搭配。例如，我们可以“braden inquiry”（拓宽调查），但不能“train inquiry”。