译林版八年级英语下册期中复习讲义考点7：for与since的用法（现在完成时的延续性时间状语）含答案

这是一份译林版八年级英语下册期中复习讲义考点7：for与since的用法（现在完成时的延续性时间状语）含答案，文件包含百校二B道法试卷pdf、百校二B道法答案pdf等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共10页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、基本概念
在现在完成时中，当我们想表达“某个动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在”时，需要使用fr或since引导的时间状语。
fr + 时间段：表示动作持续了“多长时间”。
since + 时间点：表示动作从“某个时间点”开始持续到现在。
I have lived here fr ten years. (我在这儿住了十年。强调时长)
I have lived here since 2015. (我从2015年起就住在这儿。强调起始点)
二、fr与since的详细对比
fr的后面接“时间段”，表示动作持续的长度。常见的有：
• fr ten years (十年)
• fr three mnths (三个月)
• fr tw hurs (两个小时)
• fr a lng time (很长时间)
• fr a week (一周)
since的后面接“时间点”，表示动作从那个时间开始。常见的有：
• since 2010 (自从2010年)
• since last mnth (自从上个月)
• since yesterday (自从昨天)
• since I was brn (自从我出生)
• since 8 'clck (自从8点)
I have studied English fr five years. (学了五年英语)
I have studied English since 2019. (从2019年开始学英语)
三、since从句的时态配合（重点）
当since后面跟一个从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。这是中考和期中的必考点。
I have lived here since I was brn. (从我出生起我就住在这里)
She has wrked in this schl since she left university. (她大学毕业就在这所学校工作)
They have knwn each ther since they were children. (他们从小就认识)
四、对fr和since引导的时间状语提问
对“fr + 时间段”或“since + 时间点”提问，都用疑问词Hw lng（多久）。
I have lived here fr ten years. → Hw lng have yu lived here?
He has wrked here since 2015. → Hw lng has he wrked here?
注意：Hw lng提问的回答可以是fr短语，也可以是since短语，或者直接说出时间段。
五、终止性动词与延续性动词的配合（简单介绍）
在现在完成时的“fr + 时间段 / since + 时间点”结构中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词（即瞬间动词）。
❌ I have bught the car fr tw years. (buy是终止性动词)
✅ I have had the car fr tw years. (have是延续性动词)
❌ He has left Shanghai since 2010. (leave是终止性动词)
✅ He has been away frm Shanghai since 2010. (be away是延续性状态)
关于终止性动词与延续性动词的转换，将在后续考点中详细讲解。本考点只要求正确使用fr和since。
六、经典例题解析
例1： I have lived in Nanjing ______ ten years.
A. fr B. since C. in D. at
解析： ten years是一段时间，用fr。答案：A
例2： She has wrked here ______ she left cllege.
A. fr B. since C. in D. after
解析： she left cllege是一个从句，表示时间点，用since。答案：B
例3： — Hw lng have yu studied English? — ______ 2018.
A. Fr B. Since C. In D. Frm
解析： 回答用2018这个时间点，用since。答案：B
例4： My grandparents ______ married fr 50 years.
A. have been B. have gt C. gt D. are
解析： fr 50 years表示一段时间，用现在完成时，且be married是延续性状态。答案：A
七、分层精练（共40题）
A组 · 用 fr 或 since 填空（每题1分，共15分）
1. I have lived in this city ______ 2010.
2. He has wrked here ______ ten years.
3. They have knwn each ther ______ they were children.
4. She has studied English ______ three years.
5. We have been friends ______ primary schl.
6. My father has wrked in this factry ______ 2015.
7. I have waited fr yu ______ tw hurs.
8. He has been away ______ last Friday.
9. They have lived in this twn ______ 2020.
10. He has played the pian ______ he was five years ld.
11. We haven't seen each ther ______ a lng time.
12. She has been in hspital ______ Mnday.
13. I have had this phne ______ three mnths.
14. They have been married ______ 1998.
15. He has been absent frm schl ______ three days.
B组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分）
1. — Hw lng have yu lived in Beijing? — ______ 2015.
A. Fr B. Since C. In D. Frm
2. I have knwn him ______ we were in primary schl.
A. fr B. since C. when D. as
3. They have wrked here ______ five years.
A. fr B. since C. frm D. after
4. — ______ have yu had this car? — Fr tw years.
A. Hw ften B. Hw sn C. Hw lng D. Hw far
5. She has been away frm hme ______ last week.
A. fr B. since C. in D. at
6. We haven't seen each ther ______ a lng time.
A. fr B. since C. frm D. during
7. He has been in the army ______ he was 18.
A. fr B. since C. when D. after
8. — Hw lng has yur uncle lived in Shanghai? — ______ 2018.
A. Fr B. Since C. In D. Frm
C组 · 句型转换（每题2分，共10分）
1. I have lived here since 2015. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________
2. She has wrked in this schl fr five years. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________
3. He has knwn her fr three years. (改为同义句)
He has knwn her ______ three years ______.
4. They have been friends since they were in primary schl. (改为同义句)
They have been friends ______ a lng time.
5. I have studied English since 2018. (改为同义句)
I have studied English ______ five years.
D组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共10分）
1. I have bught this car fr five years.
改正：________________________________________________
2. He has left Shanghai since 2010.
改正：________________________________________________
3. She has married since 2015.
改正：________________________________________________
4. They have cme here fr tw hurs.
改正：________________________________________________
5. I have jined the club since three years ag.
改正：________________________________________________
E组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共10分）
My name is Li Hua. I have lived in Nanjing ______ (1) I was brn. I have studied in this schl ______ (2) fur years. My best friend is Tm. We have knwn each ther ______ (3) 2019. He has been in China ______ (4) three years. He has learned Chinese ______ (5) he came t China. I have had this bicycle ______ (6) tw years. My father has wrked in the same cmpany ______ (7) 2010. He has been there ______ (8) ver ten years. We have lived in this neighburhd ______ (9) a lng time. I lve my hmetwn, and I have been here ______ (10) my whle life.
F组 · 根据汉语完成句子（每题2分，共10分）
1. 我在这所学校学习已经三年了。
I have studied in this schl ______ three years.
2. 他从2018年起就住在这里。
He has lived here ______ 2018.
3. 你拥有这辆自行车多久了？
______ ______ have yu had this bike?
4. 自从我十岁起，我就一直弹钢琴。
I have played the pian ______ I was ten years ld.
5. 他们已经结婚二十年了。
They have been married ______ twenty years.
G组 · 经典例题再练（中考真题改编）（每题2分，共8分）
1. — Hw lng have yu lived in this city? — ______ 2010.
A. Fr B. Since C. In D. After
2. I have knwn her ______ we were in middle schl.
A. fr B. since C. befre D. after
3. My grandparents ______ fr 50 years.
A. have been married B. have married C. gt married D. were married
4. He has wrked here ______ he left cllege.
A. fr B. since C. frm D. in
参考答案（教师用卷）
A组：
1. since 2. fr 3. since 4. fr 5. since 6. since 7. fr 8. since 9. since 10. since 11. fr 12. since 13. fr 14. since 15. fr
B组：
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B
C组：
1. Hw lng have yu lived here?
2. Hw lng has she wrked in this schl?
3. since; ag 4. fr 5. fr
D组：
1. bught → had 2. left → been away frm 3. married → been married 4. cme → been 5. jined → been in
E组：
1. since 2. fr 3. since 4. fr 5. since 6. fr 7. since 8. fr 9. fr 10. fr
F组：
1. fr 2. since 3. Hw lng 4. since 5. fr
G组：
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B