译林版八年级英语下册期中复习讲义 现在完成时（构成、过去分词、基本句型）含答案

这是一份译林版八年级英语下册期中复习讲义 现在完成时（构成、过去分词、基本句型）含答案，文件包含百校二B道法试卷pdf、百校二B道法答案pdf等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共10页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、现在完成时的基本含义
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在仍有影响或结果，或者从过去一直持续到现在的动作。它强调的是“现在”的情况，而不是动作发生的具体时间。例如：I have lst my key.（钥匙过去丢了，结果是我现在进不去门。）We have lived here fr ten years.（我们在这儿住了十年，现在还住着。）
二、现在完成时的构成
谓语部分由“助动词 have/has + 过去分词”构成。主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时用has，其他人称用have。
注意：助动词 have/has 与主语保持人称和数的一致，过去分词是动词的一种形式，不能单独作谓语。
三、动词过去分词的变化规则
1. 规则动词的变化（与过去式相同）
2. 常见不规则动词过去分词（Unit 1 课标要求）
不规则动词需要逐个记忆，没有捷径。建议课后默写教材P126-127不规则动词表中的前30个。
四、现在完成时与一般过去时的初步区分（仅作了解）
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果，不强调动作发生的具体时间；一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作，与现在无关。本考点不深入展开，详细对比将在考点3学习。例如：I have lst my key.（结果：现在进不去门） vs I lst my key yesterday.（只说明昨天丢了，不涉及现在是否找到）
五、易错提醒（基础阶段）
⚠️ 易错点1：混淆过去式与过去分词。例如：I have went t schl. ❌ 应改为 I have gne t schl.
⚠️ 易错点2：主语是第三人称单数时忘记用 has。例如：She have finished. ❌ 应改为 She has finished.
⚠️ 易错点3：否定句中 nt 的位置。应为 have/has + nt + 过去分词，不能写成 have + 过去分词 + nt。
⚠️ 易错点4：疑问句中把 have/has 提到主语前，不要忘记还原动词过去分词形式。
典型例题（基础自测）
1. (单选) — Where is yur sister? — She _____ t the library.
A. has been B. has gne C. went D. ges
2. (填空) They _____ (finish) their wrk already. They are leaving.
3. (改错) He have visited the museum last week. (找出错误并改正)
4. (翻译) 我还没吃午饭。
________________________________________________
5. (句型转换) She has seen the film. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
________________________________________________
分层实战演练
A组 · 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I ________ (finish) my hmewrk. Let's g ut.
2. She ________ (nt cme) yet. We are still waiting.
3. ________ yu ________ (see) that new film?
4. They ________ (live) in this city since 2015.
5. He ________ (be) t Beijing twice.
6. My mther ________ (ck) dinner. It smells gd.
7. We ________ (nt hear) frm him recently.
8. ________ she ________ (return) the bk t the library?
B组 · 单项选择
1. — Where is yur brther? — He _____ t the library.
A. has been B. has gne C. went D. ges
2. I _____ this mvie befre. It's very tuching.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
3. She _____ her hmewrk yet. She is still ding it.
A. hasn't finished B. didn't finish C. desn't finish D. wn't finish
4. My parents _____ in Nanjing fr 20 years.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
5. — _____ yu ever _____ t the new park? — Nt yet.
A. Did; g B. Have; gne C. Have; been D. D; g
6. They _____ the gd news. Let's tell them.
A. have already heard B. haven't heard yet C. already heard D. heard yet
C组 · 句型转换
1. I have finished my reprt. (改为否定句)
________________________________________________
2. She has visited the Great Wall. (改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________
3. They have lived here fr five years. (改为否定句)
________________________________________________
4. He has seen the film. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
________________________________________________
5. We have dne ur hmewrk. (对划线部分提问，划线部分 ur hmewrk)
________________________________________________
D组 · 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我已经完成了我的作业。
I ________ ________ my hmewrk.
2. 他还没吃过早饭。
He ________ ________ breakfast ________.
3. 你们去过上海吗？
________ yu ever ________ t Shanghai?
4. 她刚刚离开。
She ________ ________ left.
5. 我们在这所学校学习了三年。
We ________ ________ in this schl fr three years.
E组 · 短文填空
I am very happy tday because I ________ (1) (get) a letter frm my pen friend. We ________ (2) (nt write) t each ther fr a lng time. He ________ (3) (mve) t a new city with his family. He ________ (4) (visit) many interesting places there. He ________ (5) (nt frget) me. I ________ (6) (reply) t his letter already. I ________ (7) (tell) him abut my life. I ________ (8) (study) hard and ________ (9) (make) new friends. I hpe we can meet ne day.
参考答案
典型例题：
1. B 2. have finished 3. He have → He has 或 visited → have visited (去掉last week) 正确答案：He has visited the museum. / He visited the museum last week. 4. I haven't had lunch yet. 5. Has she seen the film? Yes, she has.
A组填空：
1. have finished 2. hasn't cme 3. Have; seen 4. have lived 5. has been 6. has cked 7. haven't heard 8. Has; returned
B组单选：
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B
C组句型转换：
1. I haven't finished my reprt yet. 2. Has she visited the Great Wall? 3. They haven't lived here fr five years. 4. Has he seen the film? Yes, he has. 5. What have yu dne?
D组完成句子：
1. have finished 2. hasn't had; yet 3. Have; been 4. has just 5. have studied
E组短文填空：
1. have gt 2. haven't written 3. has mved 4. has visited 5. hasn't frgtten 6. have replied 7. have tld 8. have studied 9. have made句型
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.
I have finished my hmewrk. / She has arrived.
否定句
主语 + have/has + nt + 过去分词 + 其他.
I haven't seen him tday. / He hasn't cme yet.
一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
Have yu eaten lunch? / Has she called yu?
肯定回答
Yes, 主语 + have/has.
Yes, I have. / Yes, she has.
否定回答
N, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
N, I haven't. / N, she hasn't.
情况
变化规则
原形
过去分词
一般情况
加 ed
wrk / help
wrked / helped
以 e 结尾
加 d
live / hpe
lived / hped
辅音 + y 结尾
变 y 为 i 加 ed
study / carry
studied / carried
重读闭音节结尾（辅元辅）
双写末尾辅音加 ed
stp / plan
stpped / planned
原形
过去式
过去分词
原形
过去式
过去分词
be
was/were
been
g
went
gne
d
did
dne
see
saw
seen
have
had
had
eat
ate
eaten
buy
bught
bught
read
read
read
cme
came
cme
write
wrte
written
take
tk
taken
give
gave
given
meet
met
met
tell
tld
tld
speak
spke
spken
knw
knew
knwn