2026届高中英语二轮复习-非谓语动词之动名词-导学案

这是一份2026届高中英语二轮复习-非谓语动词之动名词-导学案，共10页。学案主要包含了动名词的时态和语态，动名词的作用，动名词复合结构，高考考点，动名词与现在分词的异同等内容，欢迎下载使用。
动名词是一种兼有________和________特征的非限定动词。它可以带有自己的宾语和状语，动名词有时态和语态变化。
一、动名词的时态和语态 (以write为例)
一般式主动语态_______________________ 被动语态_______________________
完成式主动语态_______________________被动语态_______________________
其否定形式是在ding_______ (前 / 后) 加nt
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性(___________性)动作，(即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作) 或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
I hate ___________________________ (和这种人交谈).
___________________________ (粗心) is nt a gd habit.
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I dn’t remember having met him befre.
Thank yu fr having taken s much truble t help.
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。
（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。
I dn’t like being laughed at in public.
（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
I am very pleased at yur having been hnured with a medal.
（3）我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这是一种习惯。
Excuse me fr being late. =___________________________________________.
I dn’t remember ever meeting him smewhere.
Thank yu fr giving us s much help.
（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，尤其是口语中。
I frget nce being taken (having been taken ) t the city z.
（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。
She is afraid f being taken t the public.
二、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作________、________、________、________。
1、作主语
Reading is an art.
Climbing muntains is really fun.
Wrking in these cnditins is nt a pleasure but a suffering.
动名词作主语，有时用_______作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。
It is n use/n gd crying ver spilt milk.
It is a waste f time persuading such a persn t jin us.
It is n use telling him nt t wrry.
There is n saying when he’ll cme.
There is n telling what we shuld d with it.
N smking ( =N smking is allwed (here) ).
动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的经常性的动作，不定式作主语往往表示_________的或_____________的动作。
Playing with fire is dangerus. （泛指玩火）
T play with fire will be dangerus. （指一具体动作）
________________ (吸烟) is nt gd fr health.
It is nt gd _________________________ (你吸烟) s much.
________________________ (教英语) is my jb.
_____________________________ (教你们英语) is a demanding jb.
注意： 1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is n use...”，“It is n gd...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste f time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真正主语：
It is n use /gd / a waste f time talking abut that.
3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：
Des yur saying that mean anything t him?
4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：
There is n telling what will happen.
There is n saying that yu are telling lies.
2、作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。
常见的此类动词有：advise, allw, admit(t), permit, avid, cnsider, escape, enjy, finish, recmmend, give up, cannt help, imagine, keep, keep n, mind, miss, put ff, delay, practise, suggest, depend n, think abut, set abut, succeed in, wrry abut, burst ut, insist n, can’t stand, be used t, get used t, devte…t…, lk frward t, pay attentin t, get dwn t等。
They went n walking and never stpped talking.
The bird was lucky enugh t escape being sht.
试着用你不熟悉的词或短语造几个句子：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在allw，advise，frbid，permit等动词后直接跟__________作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用______________作宾语补足语。
We dn’t allw _______________________ (在这里吸烟).
We dn’t allw students ____________________(吸烟).
注意：Students are nt allwed t smke in ur schl.
（2）作介词的宾语
We are thinking f ____________________________ (制定新的计划) fr the next term.
She didn’t mind _______________________________________ (一个人留在家里).
注意：This is the way he thught f t slve the prblem.
（3）作形容词的宾语
The music is well wrth listening t mre than nce.
We are busy preparing fr the cming sprts meet.
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或_________引导的名词性从句。动名词表示主语的_________，与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。
Yur task is cleaning the windws. (Cleaning the windws is yur task.)
What I dislike is telling lies. (Telling lies is what I dislike.)
What I hate mst is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate mst.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的______________。
a walking stick = a stick _______ walking = a stick which is used fr walking
a washing machine = a machine _______ washing = a machine which is used fr washing
a reading rm = a rm _______ reading = a rm which is used fr reading
sleeping pills = pills fr sleeping = pills which are used fr sleeping
三、动名词复合结构
当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上____________物主代词或__________________，称为动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作_______、_______、_______，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
Her cming t help encuraged all f us.
=That she came t help encuraged all f us.
____________________________ (Jane的马虎大意) caused s much truble.
=That Jane was careless caused s much truble.
What’s trubling them is ____________________________________(他们没有足够的食物).
=What’s trubling them is that they have nt enugh fd.
在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的形容词性物主代词常用_____________，名词所有格常用______________来代替。
Wuld yu mind my / me using yur cmputer？
The father insisted n ________________________________________ (他的儿子上大学).
The teacher was angry at ___________________________________ (他迟到).
但：Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mther upset.
His (不可用Him)smking made his family angry.
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格：
a.无命名词
The baby was made awake by the dr suddenly shutting.
b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义
Have yu ever heard f wmen practising bxing?
c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列
D yu remember yur parents and me telling yu abut this?
四、高考考点：
1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为___________;
2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是______________;
3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语;
4） 有些词后只能接动名词;
5） 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法;
it’s n gd; it’s n/little/hardly any/ use; it’s wrth; spend mney/time; there’s n; there’s n pint in; what’s the use/pint...
6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可;
remember, frget, try, stp, g n, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义不同。
7) 动名词的主动表被动;
_________, _________, _________, _________, be wrth
The flwers need watering. = The flwers need t be watered.
My cmputer wants_____________ (修理) = My cmputer wants _______ _______ _______.
The film is well _________________________ (再看一次).
8)在一些短语中的考查。
devte t，lk frward t，stick t，t be used t，bject t，get dwn t, pay attentin t, thank yu fr，excuse me fr，be (kept) busy，have difficulty/truble/prblem(in)，have a gd /wnderful /hard / great time(in)，it’s n use /gd，feel /seem like 等后的动词必须用动名词形式.
I lk frward t ______________________________ (收到你的来信) sn.
He had a gd time playing cmputer games.
I feel like _____________________________(度假) after wrking fr s lng a time.
五、动名词与现在分词的异同
动名词在形式上与现在分词相同，在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都保留了动词的某些特征，都能带自己的宾语、状语，构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。
Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful .（__________短语，作________）
She hates speaking in the public. （__________短语，作________）
区别：
1.动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
①作表语的动名词表示主语的________________,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变.
My hbby is swimming. 可改为Swimming is my hbby.
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的_______________,不能与主语互换位置.
The stry is interesting . 不可改为:Interesting is the stry.
2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
动名词表示所修饰名词的_______,而现在分词修饰名词时表示性质状态或_______.
1) a swimming by和a swimming suit
a swimming by = ________________________________________
a swimming suit = ________________________________________
2) a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
a sleeping child = _________________________________________
a sleeping car = __________________________________________
Exercises: 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I need t buy sme ______________ (irn) equipment fr the new huse.
2. I appreciate yur ______________ (cme) t help us n such shrt ntice.
3. ______________ (swim) in the cean is ne f my favrite summer activities.
4. It is n gd ______________ (stay) up late befre exams.
5. They avided ______________ (mentin) the sensitive tpic at the dinner table.
6. He culdn’t help ______________ (cry) when he heard the sad news.
7. ______________ (jg) in the park every day keeps him fit and energetic.
8. It is wrthwhile ______________ (visit) the ancient temple in the muntain.
9. ______________ (drive) after drinking is against the law and extremely dangerus.
10. It is a waste f time ______________ (watch) TV all day lng.
11. We shuld practice ______________ (speak) English as ften as pssible.
12. ______________ (read) alud every mrning is beneficial t imprving yur prnunciatin.
13. It is n use ______________ (argue) with him; he never changes his mind.
14. He denied ______________ (steal) the mney frm the cash register.
15. Have yu finished ______________ (write) yur graduatin thesis yet?
16. I lk frward t ______________ (meet) yu again in the near future.
17. We shuld cnsider ______________ (change) ur strategy fr the cmpetitin.
18. She quit ______________ (smke) last year fr the sake f her health.
19. He admitted ______________ (make) a serius mistake in the calculatin.
20. I can’t imagine ______________ (live) anywhere else but in my hmetwn.
21. They pstpned ______________ (hld) the sprts meet due t the heavy rain.
22. The ______________ (swim) pl will be clsed fr maintenance next week.
23. Please put yur luggage in the ______________ (sleep) cmpartment.
24. He kept ______________ (aplgize) even thugh I had frgiven him.
25. She is fnd f ______________ (paint) landscapes in her spare time.
26. What I hate mst is ______________ (wait) in lng queues at the supermarket.
27. The mst challenging aspect f teaching is ______________ (mtivate) lazy students.
28. Her jb invlves ______________ (travel) t different cities every mnth.
29. We need t imprve ur ______________ (read) cmprehensin skills.
30. He bught a new ______________ (walk) stick fr his grandfather.
31. We must prevent the river frm ______________ (pllute) further.
32. Her favrite hbby is ______________ (dance) ballet n weekends.
33. I suggest ______________ (hld) the meeting next Mnday mrning.
34. She culdn’t resist ______________ (laugh) at his funny expressin.
35. The ______________ (wait) rm was crwded with anxius passengers.
参考答案
动名词
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以带有自己的宾语和状语，动名词有时态和语态的变化。
一、动名词的时态和语态 (以write为例)
一般式主动语态writing 被动语态being written
完成式主动语态having written被动语态having been written
其否定形式是在ding前 (前 / 后) 加nt
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性(经常性性)动作，(即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作) 或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
I hate talking with such kind f persn (和这种人交谈).
Being careless (粗心) is nt a gd habit.
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I dn’t remember having met him befre.
Thank yu fr having taken s much truble t help.
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。
（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。
I dn’t like being laughed at in public.
（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
I am very pleased at yur having been hnured with a medal.
（3）我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这是一种习惯。
Excuse me fr being late. =Excuse me fr having been late.
I dn’t remember ever meeting him smewhere.
Thank yu fr giving us s much help.
（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，尤其是口语中。
I frget nce being taken (having been taken ) t the city z.
（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。
She is afraid f being taken t the public.
二、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
1、作主语
Reading is an art.
Climbing muntains is really fun.
Wrking in these cnditins is nt a pleasure but a suffering.
动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。
It is n use/n gd crying ver spilt milk.
It is a waste f time persuading such a persn t jin us.
It is n use telling him nt t wrry.
There is n saying when he’ll cme.
There is n telling what we shuld d with it.
N smking ( =N smking is allwed (here) ).
动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的经常性的动作，不定式作主语往往表示一次性的或具体的动作。
Playing with fire is dangerus. （泛指玩火）
T play with fire will be dangerus. （指一具体动作）
Smking (吸烟) is nt gd fr health.
It is nt gd fr yu t smke (你吸烟) s much.
Teaching English (教英语) is my jb.
T teach yu English (教你们英语) is a demanding jb.
注意： 1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is n use...”，“It is n gd...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste f time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真正主语：
It is n use /gd / a waste f time talking abut that.
3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：
Des yur saying that mean anything t him?
4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：
There is n telling what will happen.
There is n saying that yu are telling lies.
2、作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。
常见的此类动词有：advise, allw, admit(t), permit, avid, cnsider, escape, enjy, finish, recmmend, give up, cannt help, imagine, keep, keep n, mind, miss, put ff, delay, practise, suggest, depend n, think abut, set abut, succeed in, wrry abut, burst ut, insist n, can’t stand, be used t, get used t, devte…t…, lk frward t, pay attentin t, get dwn t等。
They went n walking and never stpped talking.
The bird was lucky enugh t escape being sht.
试着用你不熟悉的词或短语造几个句子：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在allw，advise，frbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
We dn’t allw smking here (在这里吸烟).
We dn’t allw students t smke(吸烟).
注意：Students are nt allwed t smke in ur schl.
（2）作介词的宾语
We are thinking f wrking ut a new plan (制定新的计划) fr the next term.
She didn’t mind being left alne (一个人留在家里).
注意：This is the way he thught f t slve the prblem.
（3）作形容词的宾语
The music is well wrth listening t mre than nce.
We are busy preparing fr the cming sprts meet.
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。动名词表示主语的内容，与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。
Yur task is cleaning the windws. (Cleaning the windws is yur task.)
What I dislike is telling lies. (Telling lies is what I dislike.)
What I hate mst is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate mst.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的用途、功能。
a walking stick = a stick fr walking = a stick which is used fr walking
a washing machine = a machine fr washing = a machine which is used fr washing
a reading rm = a rm fr reading = a rm which is used fr reading
sleeping pills = pills fr sleeping = pills which are used fr sleeping
三、动名词复合结构
当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，称为动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
Her cming t help encuraged all f us.
=That she came t help encuraged all f us.
Jane’s being careless (Jane的马虎大意) caused s much truble.
=That Jane was careless caused s much truble.
What’s trubling them is their lacking enugh / adequate fd(他们没有足够的食物).
=What’s trubling them is that they have nt enugh fd.
在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的形容词性物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词所有格常用名词的普通格来代替。
Wuld yu mind my / me using yur cmputer？
The father insisted n his sn’s / his sn ging t cllege (他的儿子上大学).
The teacher was angry at his / him being late (他迟到).
但：Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mther upset.
His (不可用Him)smking made his family angry.
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格：
a.无命名词
The baby was made awake by the dr suddenly shutting.
b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义
Have yu ever heard f wmen practising bxing?
c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列
D yu remember yur parents and me telling yu abut this?
四、高考考点：
1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数;
2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词;
3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语;
4） 有些词后只能接动名词;
5） 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法;
it’s n gd; it’s n/little/hardly any/ use; it’s wrth; spend mney/time; there’s n; there’s n pint in; what’s the use/pint...
6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可;
remember, frget, try, stp, g n, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义不同。
7) 动名词的主动表被动;
need, want, require, deserve,be wrth
The flwers need watering. = The flwers need t be watered.
My cmputer wants repairing (修理) = My cmputer wants t be repaired.
The film is well wrth seeing again (再看一次).
8)在一些短语中的考查。
devte t，lk frward t，stick t，t be used t，bject t，get dwn t, pay attentin t, thank yu fr，excuse me fr，be (kept) busy，have difficulty/truble/prblem(in)，have a gd /wnderful /hard / great time(in)，it’s n use /gd，feel /seem like 等后的动词必须用动名词形式.
I lk frward t hearing frm yu / receiving yur letter (收到你的来信) sn.
He had a gd time playing cmputer games.
I feel like having a hliday(度假) after wrking fr s lng a time.
五、动名词与现在分词的异同
动名词在形式上与现在分词相同，在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都保留了动词的某些特征，都能带自己的宾语、状语，构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。
Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语，作状语）
She hates speaking in the public. （动名词短语，作宾语）
区别：
1.动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
①作表语的动名词表示主语的内容,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变.
My hbby is swimming. 可改为Swimming is my hbby.
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置.
The stry is interesting . 不可改为:Interesting is the stry.
2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
动名词表示所修饰名词的用途或功能,而现在分词修饰名词时表示性质状态或动作.
1) a swimming by和a swimming suit
a swimming by = a by wh is swimming.
a swimming suit = a suit (that is used) fr swimming.
2) a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
a sleeping child = a child wh is sleeping.
a sleeping car = a car (that is used) fr sleeping.
Exercises:
1. irning 2. cming 3. Swimming 4. staying 5. mentining 6. crying 7. Jgging 8. visiting / t visit 9. Driving 10. watching 11. speaking 12. reading 13. arguing 14. stealing / having stlen 15. writing 16. meeting 17. changing 18. smking 19. making / having made 20. living 21. hlding 22. swimming 23. sleeping 24. aplgizing 25. painting 26. waiting 27. mtivating 28. travelling 29. reading 30. walking 31. being plluted 32. dancing 33. hlding 34. laughing 35. waiting