2026届高三英语二轮复习-非谓语动词之分词-导学案

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习-非谓语动词之分词-导学案，共10页。
1. 分词的种类及构成:
过去分词:
现在分词: (以write为例)
一般式主动: ________________ 一般式被动: ________________
完成式主动: ________________ 完成式被动: ________________
现在分词的否定形式在__________________加nt.
现在分词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作_______________________________。
He came t schl running.
The student being sclded tld a lie t the teacher.
Nt knwing what t d, he turned t the teacher fr help.
现在分词完成式表示的动作___________________________________发生。
Having realized his mistake, he aplgized t the teacher.
Having been tld many times, he remembered the usage f the wrd.
Nt having received his reply, I decided t write again.
2．现在分词和过去分词主要差别：现在分词表示________和________，过去分词表示________和________ (不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
a develping cuntry ____________ a develped cuntry ___________
the rising sun ____________ the risen sun ___________
changing situatin ____________ changed situatin ___________
a _________(mve) film 感人的电影a _________(mve) girl 受感动的姑娘
a ___________ machine 一台转动的机器a ___________ car 一辆被盗的汽车
The _______ (fall) leaves lk beautiful and the grund is cvered with ________(fall) leaves.
We can drink _________(bil) water, but n ne can drink __________(bil) water.
Their huse was destryed by a ___________(fall) tree.
The __________ (fall) tree blcked the rad.
3．分词在句子中的作用：
1）分词作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy.
The students went ut f the classrm, laughing and talking.
Accmpanied by his friend, he went t the railway statin.
Given better attentin, the plants culd grw better.
He lked tired and depressed, bviusly disturbed by the news f his mther’s illness.
分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与_____________的关系：主动关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
_______________ (nt knw) his address, I can’t send this bk t him.
_______________ (see) thse pictures, she remembered her childhd.
_______________ (see) frm the tp f the hill, the city lked like a big garden.
_______________ (accept) by the Party, he decided t devte his life t the cause f the Party.
Deeply mved by the stry, the excited peple stpped quarrelling with each ther.
Encuraged by the speech, the yung peple made up their minds t take up the struggle.
Given anther chance, he will d better.
Cmpared with yur brther, yu shuld make greater effrts t study English.
If ______________ (heat), water can be turned int steam.
Laughed at by many peple, he cntinued his study.
The ld man went int the rm, supprted by his wife.
_____________ (seat) at the table, my father and I were talking abut my jb.
_____________ (wrk) hard, and yu will succeed.
____the earth t be flat, many feared that Clumbus wuld fall ff the edge.
A. having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed
N matter hw frequently ____, the wrks f Beethven always attract large audiences.
A. perfrming B. perfrmed C. t be perfrmed D. being perfrmed
____as it was at such a time, his wrk attracted much attentin.
A. Being published B. Published C. Publishing D. T be published
注意: ①有时可以在分词前加while，when, nce, althugh, unless, if等连词。
When (she was) leaving the airprt, she waved again and again t us.
While ______________ (wait fr) the train, I had a lng talk with my sister abut her wrk.
Once ___________ (lse), time will never cme back again.
Althugh ___________ (wrk) very hard, he failed t pass the final exam.
If _________________ (translate) wrd by wrd, the passage will be difficult t understand.
②分词的独立主格结构做状语,其构成是:_________________或_________________+分词,使用什么分词,取决与分词与______________________的主被动关系.在句子中只做状语。
He being absent, we had n chice but t wait.
Mre time given, I can d it better.
Everything taken int cnsideratin, it can save mney in the lng run.
________________________ (天气允许), we’ll g climbing tmrrw.
__________ s ht, I dn’t want t eat anything.
A. Being B. It being C. It is D. Because it is E. It was
It is reprted that it will be ___________ cld this winter.
A. freezing B. frzen C. frzeD. freezes
2）分词作定语，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词________，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词_______。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
We will g n with ur experiment as sn as we get the added fund.
This is really an ______________ (bre) day t all f us!
We can see the part f the mn _____________ (light) by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I frced myself t take a lng walk alng the beach the next day.
Mre and mre develping cuntries established strategic partnership with develped cuntries.
The yung __________ (sit) between my sister and my brther is my cusin Jack.
The _____________ (puzzle) lk n his face suggested that he was puzzled.
分词在句子中做定语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与_____________的关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
3）分词作宾语补足语:：分为动词宾语的补足语和介词宾语的补足语，使用什么分词取决与分词与__________的主被动关系，此外，注意能接宾语再接宾补的介词是__________。
When will yu g t the hspital and have yur tth examined?
When yu are making a speech, yu shuld speak luder t make yurself heard.
Later n they had a great many new trees planted.
I’m glad t see the prblem ____________ (slve) s sn.
With s much wrk ______________ (unfinish), I can’t g with yu.
He likes t sleep with windws __________ (clse).
With his eyes ___________ (stare) int the sky, he didn’t ntice it.
With his eyes ___________ (fix) n the plane in the sky, he didn’t hear my calling him.
With the little by ___________ (lead) the way, I had n difficulty finding his huse.
注意:
a. see / hear / ntice / watch / bserve / find / lk at / listen t
b. have / make / let / get / keep / leave
have sb. d sth. , have sb. ding sth. 与have sth. dne的区别：
4）分词作表语：分词通常被看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的_________，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或_________，主语多为人。
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.
The news is very surprising.
They were ______________ (frighten) t hear the frightening sund.
At the sight f the mving scene, all the peple present were ___________ (mve) t tears.
此类动词有：amuse, disappint, excite, puzzle, satisfy, wrry, tire, please, interest, astnish, surprise, bre (使厌烦), delight, discurage, encurage, frighten, mve (使感动), shck, truble, upset (使不安), wrry, inspire
注意:1.dress, seat, hide (hid, hidden, hiding), bury, lse
2.分词的完成形式只能做状语,不能做定语。
Exercises: 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The news sunds quite ____________ (encurage) t all the students preparing fr the exam.
2. ____________ (give) mre time, I culd have dne the wrk better.
3. The audience remained ____________ (seat) thrughut the perfrmance.
4. ____________ (absrb) in reading, he didn’t hear the drbell ring.
5. She felt ____________ (disappint) at the result f the cmpetitin.
6. The ____________ (fall) leaves cvered the grund like a glden carpet.
7. The bridge ____________ (build) last year has greatly imprved ur traffic.
8. The teacher caught Tm ____________ (cheat) in the exam.
9. Althugh ____________ (defeat), they were nt discuraged at all.
10. ____________ (lse) in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
11. I wn’t have yu ____________ (speak) t yur parents like that.
12. There is a car ____________ (park) in frnt f ur building.
13. The ____________ (wrry) lk n her face suggested smething was wrng.
14. His explanatin was s ____________ (cnfuse) that nbdy understd it.
15. The huse ____________ (belng) t my uncle is being repaired nw.
16. Anyne ____________ (tuch) that wire will get an electric shck.
17. With all the lights ____________ (turn) n, the hall lked bright and beautiful.
18. The ____________ (disappint) expressin n his face shwed his dissatisfactin.
19. The ____________ (retire) prfessr still gives lectures t yung teachers.
20. ____________ (wrk) hard all day, he felt exhausted when he gt hme.
21. He std there, with his back ____________ (lean) against the wall.
22. ____________ (cmpare) with develped cuntries, we still have a lng way t g.
23. ____________ (invite) t the party, she was very happy.
24. The prblem ____________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday was very imprtant.
25. ____________ (surrund) by a crwd f fans, the mvie star felt a bit nervus.
26. ____________ (prvide) with enugh evidence, the plice arrested the suspect.
27. We fund the the village ____________ (surrund) by muntains n all sides.
28. With winter ____________ (cme), the weather is getting clder and clder.
29. When I returned, I fund all my bks ____________ (pack) in bxes.
30. The last bus ____________ (g), we had t walk hme.
31. The prblem ____________ (settle), we all felt relieved.
32. Can yu smell smething ____________ (burn) in the kitchen?
33. With the guide ____________ (lead) the way, we gt there withut difficulty.
34. I watched the plane ____________ (rise) higher and higher until it disappeared.
35. We want this wrk ____________ (finish) by Friday.
36. Keep the fire ____________ (burn) all night t keep the rm warm.
37. Weather ____________ (permit), we will g fr a picnic tmrrw.
38. All things ____________ (cnsider), his prpsal is wrth adpting.
39. The guide ____________ (lead) the way, we had n truble finding the village.
40. The sun ____________ (rise), the fg began t disappear.
41. While ____________ (read) the newspaper, Father ndded frm time t time.
42. The ____________ (excite) children culdn’t wait t pen their presents.
43. If ____________ (give) anther chance, I will d it much better.
44. The students are ____________ (absrb) in the experiment and dn’t ntice us.
45. When ____________ (ask) abut his family, he made n answer.
46. While ____________ (walk) alng the street, I came acrss an ld friend.
47. The ____________ (develp) cuntries need mre help frm the internatinal cmmunity.
48. Whether ____________ (invite) r nt, I wn’t g t his wedding.
49. Thugh ____________ (suffer) frm a bad cld, he went t wrk as usual.
50. He sat there, with his eyes ____________ (fix) n the blackbard.
51. The little girl lked ____________ (frighten) when she saw the snake.
52. The thief was brught in, with his hands ____________ (tie) behind his back.
53. Thugh ____________ (tell) many times, he still made the same mistake.
54. With s much wrk ____________ (d), I can’t g t the cinema with yu.
55. Once ____________ (publish), the bk will be very ppular.
56. ____________ (judge) frm his accent, he must be frm the suth.
57. She used t sleep with the windw ____________ (pen) even in winter.
58. ____________ (see) frm the tp f the hill, the city lks mre beautiful.
59. With the key ____________ (lse), she culdn’t enter the rm.
60. The difficult prblem made all the peple present ____________ (puzzle).
参考答案
分词：
1. 分词的种类及构成:
过去分词:
现在分词: (以write为例)
一般式主动: writing 一般式被动: being written
完成式主动: having written 完成式被动: having been written
现在分词的否定形式在分词前加nt.
现在分词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或紧接着发生（不强调先后顺序）。
He came t schl running.
The student being sclded tld a lie t the teacher.
Nt knwing what t d, he turned t the teacher fr help.
现在分词完成式表示的动作先于谓语动词动作发生。
Having realized his mistake, he aplgized t the teacher.
Having been tld many times, he remembered the usage f the wrd.
Nt having received his reply, I decided t write again.
2．现在分词和过去分词主要差别：现在分词表示进行和主动，过去分词表示完成和被动 (不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
a develping cuntry 发展中国家 a develped cuntry 发达国家
the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 the risen sun 已经升起的太阳
changing situatin 正在改变的形势 changed situatin 已经改变的形势
a mving (mve) film 感人的电影a mved (mve) girl 受感动的姑娘
a running machine 一台转动的机器a stlen car 一辆被盗的汽车
The falling (fall) leaves lk beautiful and the grund is cvered with fallen (fall) leaves.
We can drink biled (bil) water, but n ne can drink biling (bil) water.
Their huse was destryed by a falling (fall) tree.
The fallen (fall) tree blcked the rad.
3．分词在句子中的作用：
1）分词作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy.
The students went ut f the classrm, laughing and talking.
Accmpanied by his friend, he went t the railway statin.
Given better attentin, the plants culd grw better.
He lked tired and depressed, bviusly disturbed by the news f his mther’s illness.
分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
Nt knwing (nt knw) his address, I can’t send this bk t him.
Seeing (see) thse pictures, she remembered her childhd.
Seen (see) frm the tp f the hill, the city lked like a big garden.
Accepted (accept) by the Party, he decided t devte his life t the cause f the Party.
Deeply mved by the stry, the excited peple stpped quarrelling with each ther.
Encuraged by the speech, the yung peple made up their minds t take up the struggle.
Given anther chance, he will d better.
Cmpared with yur brther, yu shuld make greater effrts t study English.
If heated (heat), water can be turned int steam.
Laughed at by many peple, he cntinued his study.
The ld man went int the rm, supprted by his wife.
Seated (seat) at the table, my father and I were talking abut my jb.
Wrk (wrk) hard, and yu will succeed.
____the earth t be flat, many feared that Clumbus wuld fall ff the edge.
A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed
N matter hw frequently ____, the wrks f Beethven always attract large audiences.
A. perfrming B. perfrmed C. t be perfrmed D. being perfrmed
____as it was at such a time, his wrk attracted much attentin.
A. Being published B. Published C. Publishing D. T be published
注意: ①有时可以在分词前加while，when, nce, althugh, unless, if等连词。
When (she was) leaving the airprt, she waved again and again t us.
While waiting fr (wait fr) the train, I had a lng talk with my sister abut her wrk.
Once lst (lse), time will never cme back again.
Althugh wrking (wrk) very hard, he failed t pass the final exam.
If translated (translate) wrd by wrd, the passage will be difficult t understand.
②分词的独立主格结构做状语,其构成是:名词或代词+分词,使用什么分词,取决与分词与前边的名词或代词的主被动关系.在句子中只做状语。
He being absent, we had n chice but t wait.
Mre time given, I can d it better.
Everything taken int cnsideratin, it can save mney in the lng run.
Weather permitting (天气允许), we’ll g climbing tmrrw.
__________ s ht, I dn’t want t eat anything.
A. Being B. It being C. It is D. Because it is E. It was
It is reprted that it will be ___________ cld this winter.
A. freezing B. frzen C. frzeD. freezes
2）分词作定语，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词之后。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
We will g n with ur experiment as sn as we get the added fund.
This is really an bring (bre) day t all f us!
We can see the part f the mn lighted (light) by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I frced myself t take a lng walk alng the beach the next day.
Mre and mre develping cuntries established strategic partnership with develped cuntries.
The yung sitting (sit) between my sister and my brther is my cusin Jack.
The puzzled (puzzle) lk n his face suggested that he was puzzled.
分词在句子中做定语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与所修饰的词的关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
3）分词作宾语补足语:：分为动词宾语的补足语和介词宾语的补足语，使用什么分词取决与分词与宾语的主被动关系，此外，注意能接宾语再接宾补的介词是with。
When will yu g t the hspital and have yur tth examined?
When yu are making a speech, yu shuld speak luder t make yurself heard.
Later n they had a great many new trees planted.
I’m glad t see the prblem slved (slve) s sn.
With s much wrk unfinished (unfinish), I can’t g with yu.
He likes t sleep with windws clsed (clse).
With his eyes staring (stare) int the sky, he didn’t ntice it.
With his eyes fixed (fix) n the plane in the sky, he didn’t hear my calling him.
With the little by leading (lead) the way, I had n difficulty finding his huse.
注意:
a. see / hear / ntice / watch / bserve / find / lk at / listen t
b. have / make / let / get / keep / leave
have sb. d sth. , have sb. ding sth. 与have sth. dne的区别：
4）分词作表语：分词通常被看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.
The news is very surprising.
They were frightened (frighten) t hear the frightening sund.
At the sight f the mving scene, all the peple present were mved (mve) t tears.
此类动词有：amuse, disappint, excite, puzzle, satisfy, wrry, tire, please, interest, astnish, surprise, bre (使厌烦), delight, discurage, encurage, frighten, mve (使感动), shck, truble, upset (使不安), wrry, inspire
注意:1.dress, seat, hide (hid, hidden, hiding), bury, lse
2.分词的完成形式只能做状语,不能做定语。
Exercises:
1. encuraging 2. Given 3. seated 4. Absrbed 5. disappinted 6. fallen 7. built 8. cheating 9. defeated 10. Lst 11. speaking 12. parked 13. wrried 14. cnfusing 15. belnging 16. tuching 17. turned 18. disappinted 19. retired 20. Having wrked 21. leaning 22. Cmpared 23. Invited 24. discussed 25. Surrunded 26. Prvided / Having been prvided 27. surrunded 28. cming 29. packed 30. gne 31. settled 32. burning 33. leading 34. rising 35. finished 36. burning 37. permitting 38. cnsidered 39. leading 40. rising 41. reading 42. excited 43. given 44. absrbed 45. asked 46. walking 47. develping 48. invited 49. suffering 50. fixed 51. frightened 52. tied 53. tld 54. t d 55. published 56. Judging 57. pen 58. Seen 59. lst 60. puzzled