2024届高考英语一轮复习-第二讲　非谓语动词课件

这是一份2024届高考英语一轮复习-第二讲　非谓语动词课件，共55页。PPT课件主要包含了不定式的形式，to retire，to find，to begin ，动词-ing形式，planning，coming，Learning，aching ，resulting等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点一　动词不定式In rder t create① better educatinal cnditins fr children, my father wrked very hard! He desn't allw himself t have② t much free time! He always has a lt f wrk t d③， s t be in a hurry④ has becme his daily rutine! His dream is t let⑤ all the children g t cllege. My father wants t make⑥ his children live a happy life.
注释：动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分①作状语；②作宾补；③作定语；④作主语；⑤作表语；⑥作宾语。
二、不定式的功能1．不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。T enter a gd university fr further study is my gal nw.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。(2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋fr/f sb.)＋t d sth.”结构中。It's rude t turn yur back n yur teacher and refuse t answer.对老师不予理睬，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。It's necessary fr us t help thse in need.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
2．不定式作宾语(1)不定式可作intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，wuld like/lve/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，persuade(说服)，refuse(拒绝)，prmise(答应)，attempt(企图)，chse(选择)，ask(询问)，learn(学习)，tell(告诉)，fail(失败)，affrd(付得起)等动词的宾语。The teacher decided t pretend t have knwn what the bys had dne.He chse nt t ask the bys but expected t be tld everything.老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些动词如find，think，cnsider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(不定式)后置。He feels/thinks it imprtant t learn English well，but finds it difficult t remember the wrds.他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。
3．不定式作表语不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，gal，aim，purpse，plan 等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。My dream is t becme a dctr after my graduatin frm university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。The aim f the talent shw is t enrich students' extra-curricular activities.这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。
4．不定式作定语(1)当被修饰词是序数词、最高级或被修饰词前有the nly，the next等修饰时，常常用不定式作定语。Jhn is always the first ne t cme up with a gd idea.约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.t d和 there be sth.t d中。Students cmplain that they have endless hmewrk t d every day.学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。(3)修饰某些名词，如chance，pprtunity，way，ability，plan 等。I feel greatly hnred t have the chance t deliver a speech here.有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
5．不定式作状语(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in rder t d，s as t d，t d等，但s as t d不能置于句首。I gt up early s as t/in rder t/t catch the early bus in the mrning.我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。(2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于t ...，enugh t，s/such t结构中。nly/just t d常表示出乎意料的结果。I asked Mum t put up the tent excitedly，nly t be tld the tent had been left behind.我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知帐篷忘带了。Every time I prepare fr an imprtant examinatin，I will be t anxius t fall asleep.每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。
(3)在be happy/glad/srry/sad/surprised t d sth.结构中作原因状语。I am extremely glad t knw that yu are cming t China fr a visit during the summer hliday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。6．不定式作宾补(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，frce，expect，allw，persuade，rder，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，frbid，advise，teach等。I am writing t invite yu t cme t my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen t)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，ntice，bserve，watch，lk at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加t。I ften hear the girl sing the sng which is ppular recently.＝The girl is ften heard t sing the sng which is ppular recently.我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空1．(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi'an，as a first step ___________(jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected，bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___________(increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
3．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene declared she had n plans _________(retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.4．Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang'e-4 _______ (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.5．These days，it is nt unusual fr 10-t 12-year-lds t publish their wn websites r fr secnd and third graders _________(begin) cmputer classes.
考点二　动词的-ing形式Playing basketball① is ne f Xia Ming's hbbies.Since he was a child，he has been dreaming f becming② a player in NBA.At present, he is a member f the schl team, playing③ an imprtant rle in many cmpetitins. Last mnth，he tk part in a cmpetitin where the audience fund him perfrming④ s well that they all praised the excellent player. His advantage is passing⑤ the ball quickly and accurately. The flying⑥ player left a deep impressin n everyne.The by struggling⑦ n the field will make his dream cme true ne day.
注释：动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分①作主语；②作宾语；③作状语；④作宾补；⑤作表语；⑥作前置定语；⑦作后置定语。
二、动词-ing形式的功能1．动词-ing形式作主语(ding/being dne作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。Playing ftball is his favurite.踢足球是他的最爱。Dancing and skating are my hbbies，and I als like t read shrt stries.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (f ...)/n use/n gd/n pleasure ding sth.结构中。It is n use trying t persuade such a stubbrn persn.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。It is n pleasure being blamed in the face f ther students.当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语(ding/being dne作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语。I help Mum ut by ding the husewrk that I can d.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。The by cried ludly fr nt being allwed t enter the amusement park.这个男孩因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。
[易错提醒]以下短语中t 都是介词be used t ding习惯于　bject t 反对devte neself t 致力于 stick t坚持pay attentin t注意 lk frward t期盼adapt t适应 adjust t (使)适应于we 归因于be addicted t 对……上瘾reduce sb./sth.t(使)沦为
(2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语。只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有：mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mentin(提到)，enjy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，pstpne(推迟)，suggest(建议)，stand/bear/tlerate(忍受)，cnsider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allw/permit(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recmmend(建议)，finish(完成)，frbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)The thief kept running t avid/escape being caught by the plice.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。
Little Tm is cnsidering quitting practising playing the vilin，because his neighbr can't tlerate listening t the nise every day.The ther day，she prmised t give Tm ten dllars a week if he gave up ding it.Tm imagined having lts f mney and can't resist taking her advice.小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应如果汤姆放弃练琴的话，她每周给他10美元。汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。
3．动词-ing形式作表语(1)ding作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时ding名词意义较强，ding/being dne作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)My hbby is reading bks.我的兴趣爱好是读书。What made me happy was being admitted t Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，bring，cnfusing，disappinting，exciting，frightening等等。The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。
4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用ding；当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being dne)(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。falling leaves正在落下的树叶a sleeping child睡着的孩子注意：动名词也可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。a swimming pl游泳池a reading rm阅览室
(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩the bridge being built nw现在在建的大桥
5．动词-ing形式作状语(1)ding与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。 Walking in the street，I came acrss an ld friend.走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。(2)having dne与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Having waited in line fr tw hurs，the ld man became impatient.已经排了两小时的队，这位老人变得不耐烦了。(3)having been dne与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Having been tld many times，the by still made the same mistake again and again.已经被告知很多次，这个男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。
6．动词-ing形式作宾补现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋ding ...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen t/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/lk at/bserve/ntice)。When I left schl，I saw them playing basketball n the playgrund.当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。I am srry fr keeping yu waiting fr me fr such a lng time.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。The headmaster was angry t catch sme students smking again.又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空1．(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilmeters frm Xi'an t Kashgar n Sept.20，________ (plan) t hike back t Xi'an in five mnths.2．This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers carries special significance. They represent the earth ______ (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.3．________(learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.4．Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur _______(ache) legs.
5．Frm 2000 t 2019，there were 7，348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld, _________ (result) in USD 2，970 billin in ecnmic lss.
考点三　过去分词Praised① by my teacher，I felt pleased②.The reasn why I was praised was that I picked up a lst③ cellphne and returned it t the wner.The incident made my parents amazed④.注释：动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分①作状语；②作表语；③作定语；④作宾补。
1．过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后。及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。the plluted water被污染的水a brken glass一只打碎的玻璃杯the bridge cmpleted last mnth上个月竣工的大桥the flwers planted last year去年种的花
2．过去分词作状语其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Praised by the teacher，he lked very excited.受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很激动。Seen frm the tp f the muntain，ur city lks beautiful.从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。
3．过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，构成vt.＋sb./sth.＋dne结构。可以用于此结构的动词有：(1)感官动词 see，watch，hear，feel，find，ntice等。(2)使役动词 have，make，keep，leave，get等。
(3)表示“想、希望、好恶”的单词，如want，wish，like等。I hear the sng sung every time I pass by the cffee shp.每当我经过这家咖啡屋，我都能听到有人唱这首歌。She had t raise her vice t make herself heard.她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。The ld man wanted his ld watch repaired.这位老人想要找人修他的旧手表。
4．过去分词作表语如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，主语往往是指人的名词。如：amazed，bred，cnfused，disappinted，excited，frightened 等。I felt really surprised when she tld me the exciting news.当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空1．(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ____ (hld) in Beijing，Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute(致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.2．Earth Day, ______ (mark) n 22 April, is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.3．_________ (cmplete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.4．They make great gifts and yu see them many times__________ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.5．It can help t build a cmmunity with a _______(share) future fr mankind.
层级一　基础达标练单句语法填空1．(2022·福州联考)Shanghai simplified the prcedures fr skilled freigners wrking in the city t get residence permits within three days, the city's latest measure __________ (attract) verseas wrkers.2．(2022·长沙模拟)In Vancuver it is unusual ______ (see) a bear，but in sme cities yu can see big animals n the city streets every day.3．(2022·梅州二模)When we saw the rad _______ (blck) with snw，we decided t spend the hliday at hme.
4．(2022·石家庄质量检测)When he was ready t leave he fund his bicycle's frnt tyre(轮胎) flat.He had t lk fr a place alng the street t get his bicycle ________ (repair)．5．(2022·襄阳模拟)The astrnauts sincerely invited yung viewers ___________(cnduct) similar experiments alng with them t experience the fun f explratin.6．(2022·咸阳二模)On this special day，many Chinese peple decide t get married ______(add) meaning t their special day.7．(2022·张家口高三下学期摸底)Using a Luyang shvel (铁铲)，and a brush ________ (sweep) away the dirt, and digging a blind bx, yu can harvest a piece f brnzeware frm the Shang Dynasty.
8．(2022·武昌模拟)___________ (knw) which university t attend，the girl asked her teacher fr advice.9．(2022·南通三测)He enjys _________ (listen) t vilin music，_______ (play) mah-jng，________ (swim) and _______ (read)．10．(2022·东营冲刺卷)He was sleeping when he heard his name _______(shut) frm the utside.11．(2022·北戴河一中模拟)Mary's __________(late) fr class made her teacher angry.
12．(2022·安阳二模)_______ (give) me a special impressin when we first met, he even bught me flwers.13．(2022·黄山中学模拟)It is n use _______(argue) with him abut such a matter.14．(2022·大理实验高中模拟)It tells a ________ (tuch) stry that highlights Chinese families.15．(2022·陕西商洛一模)We have traditinal Zhngshan suit, Chengsam (旗袍) and many ther suits _______ (create) by ethnic minrities (少数民族)．
层级二　语篇提能练(一)微语法填空(用括号内动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的正确形式)In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a newly cnstructed New Yrk htel nly 1.________ (find) I had frgtten my tthpaste. I called rm service, and an energetic vice respnded, “Smene will bring it right up.” Tw minutes later, I pened my dr and discvered an bject resembling a trash can n wheels，2.________ (equip) with a lid (盖子), a large buttn and a small digital screen. I cautiusly pushed the buttn and the lid pened，revealing a tthpaste tube. With the digital display 3.________ (flash) “Thank yu”， the rbtic visitr then turned arund and rlled away. Befre it disappeared, I snapped a pht，4.________ (send) it t a friend, wh later respnded, “Ww, s cl！”
【语篇解读】　作者入住一家酒店打开行李时发现自己忘了带牙膏，于是客房服务员派了一个机器人来为作者送牙膏。作者的朋友觉得这很酷。1．t find　考查不定式。句意：2016年，我在纽约一家新建的酒店打开行李，才发现自己忘了带牙膏。此处表出乎意料的结果，应用nly t d 形式，故填t find。 2．equipped　考查过去分词。be equipped with意为“配备有……”，为固定搭配，作状语，应用过去分词形式，故填equipped。3．flashing　考查with结构。 此处是with复合结构，the digital display与flash是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾补，故填flashing。 4．sending　考查现在分词。 I与send是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填sending。
(二)语法填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)During the Winter Olympics, 18-year-ld Mikaela Shiffrin held a cmmanding lead ver the ther skiers. On her final run, she burst frm the starting pint at breakneck speed. Suddenly, mid-run, her left ski slid ut, causing her t 1.________ (temprary) lse cntrl. But in a blink f an eye, Mikaela stpped her skid (打滑) and rcketed thrugh the rest f her run. In an instant, she became the yungest wman skier 2.________ (win) an Olympic slalm gld medal.
Skiing has always been a big part f Mikaela's life. Frm ages 8 t 11, she wrked hard, 3.________ (repeat) hundreds f training runs n small hills. When 11, she 4.________ (admit) t the Burke Muntain Academy. Accrding t the headmaster, 5.________ separated Mikaela frm thers was her 6.________ (cmmit) t be the best. Her devtin t skiing was unusual fr 7.________ 11-t 13-year-ld kid.By the time she was 17，she 8.________ (achieve) her first Wrld Cup. Fr Mikaela，9.________ (wrk) hard is a full-time jb. In the summer, her daily training cnsists 10.________ six t seven hurs f weight lifting，wrking ut cre muscles，and biking. “If yu're passinate abut yur gals，” she says，“there's n limit t what yu can achieve.”【语篇解读】　本文讲述了奥运史上最年轻的女子障碍滑雪比赛冠军Mikaela Shiffrin在冬奥会上获得冠军的精彩表现以及她的成功之路。
1．temprarily　考查词性转换。空处修饰动词短语“lse cntrl”，应用副词temprarily。2．t win　考查非谓语动词。句意：顷刻间，她成为获得奥运会障碍滑雪金牌的最年轻的女子滑雪运动员。分析句子结构可知，skier后的内容作定语修饰skier，同时skier被最高级修饰，且skier与win之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填t win。3．repeating　考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构，句中已有谓语wrked，且与空处之间无连接词连接，空处应填非谓语动词。she与repeat之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填repeating。现在分词短语在此作伴随状语。4．was admitted　考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。根据时间状语“When 11”可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语she与admit之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故填was admitted。
5．what　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，“5.________ separated Mikaela frm thers”在句中作主语，空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故填what。6．cmmitment　考查词性转换。空前有形容词性物主代词her修饰，空后有不定式作后置定语，且此处在句中作表语，故空处应填名词；再结合语境可知，此处表示“她对成为最好(选手)的投入”，故填名词cmmitment。7．an　考查冠词。此处表示“一个11到13岁的孩子”，表示泛指，应填不定冠词；11英文为eleven，发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
8．had achieved　考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“By the time she was 17”可知，句子应用过去完成时，故填had achieved。9．wrking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作主语，应用动名词，故填wrking。10．f　考查介词。cnsist f是固定搭配，表示“由……组成”。
层级三　语法写作练1．用现在分词作状语——高级而灵动典例　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写)听到我的话，大卫笑了，站起来朝起跑线走去。Hearing my wrds，David beamed a big smile，std up and mved twards the starting line.运用　(经典高考题改编)此外，森林是“地球的肺”，提供给我们呼吸的大部分氧气。__________________________________________________________________________________________
Additinally，frests are“the lungs f ur planet”，prviding mst f the xygen we
2．用分词作状语——生动简练(1)ding作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为主谓(主动)关系。典例　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)由于缺乏自信，伯纳德犹豫了好一会儿才敲第一家的门。Lacking cnfidence，Bernard hesitated fr quite a while befre kncking at the first dr.运用　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)父亲轻轻地拍着他们的肩膀，用温柔的声音说：“亲爱的，爱才是最重要的。让我们一起做吧。”_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Patting them gently n the shulders，the father said in a warm vice，“Darling，it is
lve that cunts.Let's d this tgether.”
(2)dne作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为动宾(被动)关系。典例　(2020·浙江卷7月)被这只熊不停地用力推，篱笆很快散架了。Pushed hard cnstantly by the bear，the fence sn fell apart.运用　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)一半惊讶，一半担心，父亲关心孩子们的责任感油然而生，所以他决定帮助他们做早餐。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Half surprised，and half cncerned，the father felt a sense f respnsibility f caring abut
the kids，s he decided t help them make breakfast.
3．表目的，不定式适当提前典例　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)为了吸引更多的顾客，伯纳德卖力地吆喝起他的爆米花。T attract mre custmers，Bernard began t peddle his ppcrn at the tp f his vice.运用　(2021·上海卷)为了更高效地学习英语，你最好选择听说课程。__________________________________________________________________________
T learn English mre efficiently，yu had better chse the Listening and Speaking curse.
4．having dne比after从句光鲜靓丽典例　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)失败了许多次之后，他们几乎要灰心了。但约翰叔叔来帮助他们了。Having failed many times，they almst lst heart.But Uncle Jhn came t their assistance.运用　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)爆米花销售一空之后，他们决定收工回家。__________________________________________________________________________
Having sld ut all the ppcrn，they decided t call it a day and g hme.