2026届高三英语二轮复习-非谓语动词之不定式-导学案

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习-非谓语动词之不定式-导学案，共12页。
不定式的构成
不定式是由不定式符号t+动词原形构成，在某些情况下t也可省略。不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中几种形式（以d为例）：
1).不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
2).不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。
3).不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
4).不定式的完成进行式
如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。
They are said t have been wrking in Tibet fr 20 years.
We are happy t have been helping each ther these days.
5).动词不定式的否定形式是由_______或_______加不定式构成。
6).疑问词+动词不定式：
不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whm, where, when, hw, why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell, knw, shw, decide, learn, wnder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find ut等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。
On hearing the news, __________________________________ (他不知道是该哭还是该笑).
______________________________ (何时召开会议) has nt been decided yet.
The mst imprtant prblem is ___________________________________(如何使他开心).
注意：介词后一般不直接接不定式(但是but和except除外)，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。
Mary gave sme advice n ___________________________(如何学好英语).
I have n idea f _____________________________ (为什么做这件事).
He did nthing but ________________________________(在街上闲逛).
I have n chice ______________________(除了等).
7).不定式的被动式：
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式，t be +过去分词和t have been +过去分词。
It’s a gd thing fr him t have been sclded by the teacher.
They seemed t be satisfied with the result.
He asked t be sent t wrk in the cuntryside.
2.不定式的语法作用
1).不定式作________：
T see nce is better than t hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。
T master a freign language is nt an easy thing.
在很多情况下，人们通常用______作为形式上的主语，而把不定式短语移到谓语之后.
It’s gd manners _____________________________ (排队等候).
_____________________________ (令我们很生气) t hear him speak t his mther like that.
2).不定式作________：
The mst imprtant thing is t put thery int practice.
The greatest happiness is t wrk fr the happiness f all.
3).不定式作________：
He wanted t knw the truth.
I prefer t be starved t death rather than beg.
He pretended t have read the bk when I asked him abut it.
另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时，人们常常用it代表不定式，而将真正宾语放在补足语之后。
D yu think it better t translate it in this way?
I feel it a great hnr t be invited t speak at the meeting befre s many students.
We made ____________________________________________ (六点钟起床作为一项规定).
4).不定式作________：
不定式可以和名词或代词一起构成复合结构作动词的宾语，这时不定式被称为宾语补足语。
I wuld like yu t help me with my English exercises.
I never expected the shes t be wrn ut s sn.
注意：a. 动词help后面接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语可以带t也可以不带t。
b. 在使役动词make, let, have (get / leave)之后；
c. 在感官动词hear, see, watch, ntice, feel, bserve等之后；
d. think, cnsider, believe, suppse, find, imagine, knw, understand, take, prve, feel等动词后面接的不定式短语作补语多由t be+形容词或名词构成，think, cnsider, find后的t be常可省略；
e. 在be said, be reprted, be thught, be cnsidered 等之后；
5).不定式作________：
He hasn’t kept his prmise t write t his parents regularly.
Our wish t have a hliday is quite understandable.
His eagerness t finish his wrk in time was quite bvius.
We admire his ability t speak a freign language s well.
不定式在句中作定语通常放在所修饰的词之后，以下几种情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语，常见的有attempt, decisin, prmise, plan, intentin, failure, wish, determinatin等。
②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以带不定式作定语，常见的有ability, anxiety, eagerness等。
③序数词、形容词最高级或被nly, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。
He is always the first persn t cme and the last ne t leave.
The next persn t attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.
④不定式作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词之间有意义上的________关系，如果该不定式动词是不及物动词，它后面需_________________。
There is nthing ____________________ (可担心的).
There are many interesting bks _____________________(可供选择), but I dn’t knw which t brrw.
6) 不定式作________： 表示行为的_________、_________、_________、条件等。
① 不定式作_________状语，有时也可以用in rder (nt) t, s as (nt) t (注意位置)结构。
We came here t learn English.
He gt up early t catch the first bus.
___________________________________________ (为了保护幼苗不受日晒), Mther put them in the shade.
He gt up very early this mrning _______________________________________(为了不再次迟到).
②不定式作________状语，常见的结构有t…t, enugh…t, s…as t, such…as t, nly t…等。
The questin is t difficult fr me t answer.
He said he was clever enugh t deal with it by himself.
Will yu be s kind as t turn dwn the radi?
He wke up _________________________________________(结果发现自己躺在医院里).
注意：t…t通常表示太……而不……，但是：
She is nly t glad t stay at hme.
He is t anxius t knw the examinatin results.
另外还有ready, eager, willing, happy
③不定式作________状语，通常用来修饰表示情感、心理状态、性格等的形容词。常见的形容词有：happy, glad, lucky, frtunate, surprised, angry, anxius, ready, quick, slw, cruel, clever, frightened, shcked, srry, eager, prud, disappinted, flish, impatient, unwise, naughty等。
They are surprised t learn f his death.
We are prud t be yung peple f new China.
3.不定式的复合结构
1)不定式复合结构的构成______/ ______ +名词（代词）短语+不定式。
It’s expensive fr peple t use electricity fr cking.
It’s careless f yu t make such a mistake.
It’s wrng fr / f peple t eat mnkeys.
2) 不定式复合结构的语法作用 (在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语。)
①作主语、宾语，通常用it 作形式主语或形式宾语来代替不定式的复合结构。
It’s necessary fr the gds t be packed in strng cases.
They thught it impssible fr us t find the lst child in the darkness.
②不定式的复合结构作表语、状语、定语。
That’s fr yu t decide.
Fr the test t be passed, the students shuld wrk harder than befre.
I have sme bks fr yu t read.
注：1.不定式不带t的规则：
在一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补语时，不定式符号t常常省略，此外：
动词原形cme, g等在口语中可接不带t的不定式。
G tell her.
Cme have a glass f beer.
在why引起的一些疑问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或nt+动词原形。
Why _____________________________(花这么多钱)?
Why______________________________(不戴朵花儿呢)?
Why _________________________________(和他争吵呢)?
Why__________________________________(不让他尝试一下呢)？
在had better, had best, wuld rather, wuld rather…than,等结构后直接跟动词原形或nt +动词原形。
Yu’d better listen t yur teacher’s pinin.
I wuld rather wrk than stay idle.
Rather than ride n a crwded bus, he always prefers t ride a bicycle.
在介词but, except之前如有___________的任一形式，其后的动词不定式不用t.
Last evening I did nthing __________________________ (除了修自行车).
Nw there was nthing he culd d except _______________________(承认去网吧).
比较：I’m afraid we have n chice _______________________________(除了乘出租车).
They desired nthing but ________________ (成功).
He is interested in nthing but ____________________(打牌).
⑤在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号t可省略。
I really dn’t knw what t say and d.
Can yu help me t call him and ask him t attend the meeting at 2:00 p.m.?
注意：如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号t不可被省去。
I came nt t scld yu but t praise yu.
The purpse f the new technlgy is t make life easier, nt t make it mre difficult.
T say smething is easier than t d it.
2.动词不定式的省略问题：
上文中出现了某一动词或动词短语，下文中再遇到此动词的不定式结构时，往往要省略动词不定式，但通常省略动词原形或短语而保留不定式符号t:
She must g but yu dn’t have t.
---Did yu g t see the Great Wall? ---I wanted t, but I was t busy.
Dn’t d anything unless yur father tells yu t.
---Will yu lend me a hand? ---I’m willing t, but I can’t nw.
---Wuld yu please cme t my birthday party tmrrw? ---I’ll be glad t.
但是：如果不定式中动词是系动词be或助动词have时，一般不省略。
---Are yu a cllege student? ---N, but I’m ging t be.
---Has he turned up yet? ---N, but he was t have.
3.不定式主动语态和被动语态的区别：
不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have yu gt a key t unlck the dr?
He is the right persn t deal with the matter.
不定式做后置定语，和被修饰名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，即：不定式的___________和___________同时出现,不定式常用主动形式，不定式为不及物动词时，其后应加相应的介词。
D yu have anything t say n this questin?
He is a pleasant persn t wrk with.
---D yu have any clthes _____________________(wash)?
---N, thank yu all the same.
主语+系动词+形容词+t d，不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(此时，在形容词之后可以加上_______ _______)，不定式多用主动形式，不定式为不及物动词时要加相应的介词。
The fish is delicius t eat.
The questin _____________________________ (很难回答).
The chair is cmfrtable t sit n.
The persn is ____________________________________ (容易相处).
在There be结构中
There is nthing t wrry abut.
There is a lt f wrk t d.
There is a child t lk after. / There is a child t be lked after.
4.能接不定式的常见动词：
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hpe, fail, plan, refuse, ask, cntinue，manage, try, ffer, start, begin, frget, remember, regret, prmise, mean, pretend, intend, attempt, decide, learn, desire, agree, care, chse, determine, expect, affrd等。
能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有：感官动词see, watch, ntice, hear, feel等；使役动词make, let, have 等；还有一般的动词如advise, allw, ask, beg, cmmand, tell, invite, frce, get, help, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encurage, persuade, permit, remind, request, rder, warn, cause等。
5.高中阶段常见的不定式短语：
高中阶段有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可以称它们为插入语。t tell yu the truth（说老实话），t be frank（坦率地说）, t begin with（首先）, t be brief（简言之）, t make a lng stry shrt（长话短说）, t be exact（精确地说）, t say nthing f（姑且不说），t cnclude（总而言之）, t be sure（诚然、固然）， t d him justice（说句对他公道的话）,s t speak（可以这么说、打个譬喻说）等。
Exercises:
1. It is imprtant __________ (prtect) ur envirnment fr future generatins.
2. It is necessary fr us __________ (master) at least ne practical skill.
3. It seems impssible __________ (slve) this prblem withut a cmputer.
4. We agreed __________ (meet) at the schl gate at 8 'clck.
5. The next train __________ (arrive) is frm Beijing.
6. He prmised __________ (help) me with my English grammar.
7. D yu intend __________ (apply) fr that schlarship?
8. It tk me tw hurs __________ (finish) my hmewrk yesterday.
9. He pretended __________ (nt knw) anything abut the accident.
10. I hpe __________ (admit)t my dream university.
11. My dream is __________ (becme) a prfessinal translatr.
12. The purpse f this meeting is __________ (discuss) the new plicy.
13. There is nthing __________ (wrry) abut; everything will be fine.
14. His nly wish was __________ (see) his grandchildren again.
15. __________ (imprve) yur writing, yu shuld read mre English bks.
16. The mst imprtant thing nw is __________ (find) a slutin quickly.
17. What surprised me mst was __________ (hear) him speak fluent French.
18. I have a lt f hmewrk __________ (d) this weekend.
19. We need smene __________ (help) us mve t the new huse.
20. They managed __________ (escape) frm the burning building.
21. He has a strng desire __________ (succeed) in his career.
22. I have n chice but __________ (accept) their ffer.
23. We cnsider it ur duty __________ (help) thse in need.
24. She was given a chance __________ (explain) her behavir.
25. __________ (tell) yu the truth, I dn't like this plan at all.
26. She refused __________ (answer) any questins frm reprters.
27. I am glad __________ (hear) that yu have recvered frm yur illness.
28. __________ (catch) the early bus, we gt up at 5 'clck.
29. She is always the first ne __________ (arrive) and the last t leave.
30. The bx is t heavy __________ (carry) by ne persn.
31. He hurried t the statin, nly __________ (find) the train had left.
32. The teacher asked us __________ (hand) in ur papers befre Friday.
33. She decided __________ (study) medicine when she grew up.
34. I nticed him __________ (enter) the ffice with a strange lk.
35. I can't affrd __________ (buy) such an expensive car.
36. She was heard __________ (sing) an English sng in the next rm the ther day.
37. She was t excited __________ (sleep) last night.
38. The dctr advised my father __________ (give) up smking.
39. He wrked hard __________ (pass) the entrance examinatin.
40. I want this letter __________ (type) immediately.
参考答案
非谓语动词
不定式
不定式的构成
不定式是由不定式符号t+动词原形构成，在某些情况下t也可省略。不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以d为例）：
1).不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
2).不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。
3).不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
4).不定式的完成进行式
如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。
They are said t have been wrking in Tibet fr 20 years.
We are happy t have been helping each ther these days.
5).动词不定式的否定形式是由nt或never加不定式构成。
6).疑问词+动词不定式：
不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whm, where, when, hw, why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell, knw, shw, decide, learn, wnder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find ut等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。
On hearing the news, he didn’t knw whether t cry r t laugh. (他不知道是该哭还是该笑).
When t hld the meeting (何时召开会议) has nt been decided yet.
The mst imprtant prblem is hw t make him happy. (如何使他开心).
注意：介词后一般不直接接不定式(但是but和except除外)，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。
Mary gave sme advice n hw t learn English well.(如何学好英语).
I have n idea f why t d it. (为什么做这件事).
He did nthing but wander abut in the street.(在街上闲逛).
I have n chice but t wait.(除了等).
7).不定式的被动式：
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式，t be +过去分词和t have been +过去分词。
It’s a gd thing fr him t have been sclded by the teacher.
They seemed t be satisfied with the result.
He asked t be sent t wrk in the cuntryside.
2.不定式的语法作用
1).不定式作主语：
T see nce is better than t hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。
T master a freign language is nt an easy thing.
在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式短语移到谓语之后.
It’s gd manners t wait in line. (排队等候).
It made us annyed (令我们很生气) t hear him speak t his mther like that.
2).不定式作表语：
The mst imprtant thing is t put thery int practice.
The greatest happiness is t wrk fr the happiness f all.
3).不定式作宾语：
He wanted t knw the truth.
I prefer t be starved t death rather than beg.
He pretended t have read the bk when I asked him abut it.
另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时，人们常常用it代表不定式，而将真正宾语放在补足语之后。
D yu think it better t translate it in this way?
I feel it a great hnr t be invited t speak at the meeting befre s many students.
We made it a rule t get up at six. (六点钟起床作为一项规定).
4).不定式作宾补：
不定式可以和名词或代词一起构成复合结构作动词的宾语，这时不定式被称为宾语补足语。
I wuld like yu t help me with my English exercises.
I never expected the shes t be wrn ut s sn.
注意：a. 动词help后面接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语可以带t也可以不带t。
b. 在使役动词make, let, have (get / leave)之后；
c. 在感官动词hear, see, watch, ntice, feel, bserve等之后；
d. think, cnsider, believe, suppse, find, imagine, knw, understand, take, prve, feel等动词后面接的不定式短语作补语多由t be+形容词或名词构成，think, cnsider, find后的t be常可省略；
e. 在be said, be reprted, be thught, be cnsidered 等之后；
5).不定式作定语：
He hasn’t kept his prmise t write t his parents regularly.
Our wish t have a hliday is quite understandable.
His eagerness t finish his wrk in time was quite bvius.
We admire his ability t speak a freign language s well.
不定式在句中作定语通常放在所修饰的词之后，以下几种情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语，常见的有attempt, decisin, prmise, plan, intentin, failure, wish, determinatin等。
②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以带不定式作定语，常见的有ability, anxiety, eagerness等。
③序数词、形容词最高级或被nly, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。
He is always the first persn t cme and the last ne t leave.
The next persn t attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.
④不定式作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词之间有意义上的动宾关系，如果该不定式动词是不及物动词，它后面需借助介词。
There is nthing t wrry abut. (可担心的).
There are many interesting bks t chse frm(可供选择), but I dn’t knw which t brrw.
6) 不定式作状语： 表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。
① 不定式作目的状语，有时也可以用in rder (nt) t, s as (nt) t (注意位置)结构。
We came here t learn English.
He gt up early t catch the first bus.
T prtect the yung plants frm the sun (为了保护幼苗不受日晒), Mther put them in the shade.
He gt up very early this mrning in rder nt t be late again.(为了不再次迟到).
②不定式作结果状语，常见的结构有t…t, enugh…t, s…as t, such…as t, nly t…等。
The questin is t difficult fr me t answer.
He said he was clever enugh t deal with it by himself.
Will yu be s kind as t turn dwn the radi?
He wke up nly t find himself lying in hspital.(结果发现自己躺在医院里).
注意：t…t通常表示太……而不……，但是：
She is nly t glad t stay at hme.
He is t anxius t knw the examinatin results.
另外还有ready, eager, willing, happy
③不定式作原因状语，通常用来修饰表示情感、心理状态、性格等的形容词。常见的形容词有：happy, glad, lucky, frtunate, surprised, angry, anxius, ready, quick, slw, cruel, clever, frightened, shcked, srry, eager, prud, disappinted, flish, impatient, unwise, naughty等。
They are surprised t learn f his death.
We are prud t be yung peple f new China.
3.不定式的复合结构
1)不定式复合结构的构成fr / f +名词（代词）短语+不定式。
It’s expensive fr peple t use electricity fr cking.
It’s careless f yu t make such a mistake.
It’s wrng fr / f peple t eat mnkeys.
2) 不定式复合结构的语法作用 (在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语。)
①作主语、宾语，通常用it 作形式主语或形式宾语来代替不定式的复合结构。
It’s necessary fr the gds t be packed in strng cases.
They thught it impssible fr us t find the lst child in the darkness.
②不定式的复合结构作表语、状语、定语。
That’s fr yu t decide.
Fr the test t be passed, the students shuld wrk harder than befre.
I have sme bks fr yu t read.
注：1.不定式不带t的规则：
在一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补语时，不定式符号t常常省略，此外：
动词原形cme, g等在口语中可接不带t的不定式。
G tell her.
Cme have a glass f beer.
在why引起的一些疑问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或nt+动词原形。
Why spend s much mney (花这么多钱)?
Why nt wear a flwer (不戴朵花儿呢)?
Why quarrel with him (和他争吵呢)?
Why nt let him have a try (不让他尝试一下呢)？
在had better, had best, wuld rather, wuld rather…than,等结构后直接跟动词原形或nt +动词原形。
Yu’d better listen t yur teacher’s pinin.
I wuld rather wrk than stay idle.
Rather than ride n a crwded bus, he always prefers t ride a bicycle.
在介词but, except之前如有实义动词d的任一形式，其后的动词不定式不用t.
Last evening I did nthing but repair my bike (除了修自行车).
Nw there was nthing he culd d except admit that he had gne t Internet cafe (承认去网吧).
比较：I’m afraid we have n chice but t take a taxi (除了乘出租车).
They desired nthing but t succeed (成功).
He is interested in nthing but playing cards (打牌).
⑤在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号t可省略。
I really dn’t knw what t say and d.
Can yu help me t call him and ask him t attend the meeting at 2:00 p.m.?
注意：如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号t不可被省去。
I came nt t scld yu but t praise yu.
The purpse f the new technlgy is t make life easier, nt t make it mre difficult.
T say smething is easier than t d it.
2.动词不定式的省略问题：
上文中出现了某一动词或动词短语，下文中再遇到此动词的不定式结构时，往往要省略动词不定式，但通常省略动词原形或短语而保留不定式符号t:
She must g but yu dn’t have t.
---Did yu g t see the Great Wall? ---I wanted t, but I was t busy.
Dn’t d anything unless yur father tells yu t.
---Will yu lend me a hand? ---I’m willing t, but I can’t nw.
---Wuld yu please cme t my birthday party tmrrw? ---I’ll be glad t.
但是：如果不定式中动词是系动词be或助动词have时，一般不省略。
---Are yu a cllege student? ---N, but I’m ging t be.
---Has he turned up yet? ---N, but he was t have.
3.不定式主动语态和被动语态的区别：
不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have yu gt a key t unlck the dr?
He is the right persn t deal with the matter.
不定式做后置定语，和被修饰名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，即：不定式的动作执行者 和动作承受者同时出现,不定式常用主动形式，不定式为不及物动词时，其后应加相应的介词。
D yu have anything t say n this questin?
He is a pleasant persn t wrk with.
---D yu have any clthes t be washed (wash)?
---N, thank yu all the same.
主语+系动词+形容词+t d，不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(此时，在形容词之后可以加上fr sb)，不定式多用主动形式，不定式为不及物动词时要加相应的介词。
The fish is delicius t eat.
The questin is difficult t answer (很难回答).
The chair is cmfrtable t sit n.
The persn is easy t get alng with (容易相处).
在There be结构中
There is nthing t wrry abut.
There is a lt f wrk t d.
There is a child t lk after. / There is a child t be lked after.
4.能接不定式的常见动词：
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hpe, fail, plan, refuse, ask, cntinue，manage, try, ffer, start, begin, frget, remember, regret, prmise, mean, pretend, intend, attempt, decide, learn, desire, agree, care, chse, determine, expect, affrd等。
能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有：感官动词see, watch, ntice, hear, feel等；使役动词make, let, have 等；还有一般的动词如advise, allw, ask, beg, cmmand, tell, invite, frce, get, help, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encurage, persuade, permit, remind, request, rder, warn, cause等。
5.高中阶段常见的不定式短语：
高中阶段有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可以称它们为插入语。t tell yu the truth（说老实话），t be frank（坦率地说）, t begin with（首先）, t be brief（简言之）, t make a lng stry shrt（长话短说）, t be exact（精确地说）, t say nthing f（姑且不说），t cnclude（总而言之）, t be sure（诚然、固然）， t d him justice（说句对他公道的话）,s t speak（可以这么说、打个譬喻说）等。
Exercises:
1. t prtect 2. t master 3. t slve 4. t meet 5. t arrive 6. t help 7. t apply 8. t finish 9. nt t knw 10. t be admitted 11. t becme 12. t discuss 13. t wrry 14. t see 15. T imprve 16. t find 17. t hear 18. t d 19. t help 20. t escape 21. t succeed 22. t accept 23. t help 24. t explain 25. T tell 26. t answer 27. t hear 28. T catch 29. t arrive 30. t carry 31. t find 32. t hand 33. t study 34. enter 35. t buy 36. t sing 37. t sleep 38. t give 39. t pass 40. t be typed

主动式
被动式
一般式
完成式
进行式
/
完成进行式
/

主动式
被动式
一般式
t d
t be dne
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
进行式
t be ding
/
完成进行式
t have been ding
/