2026年高三英语二轮复习之语法名词-导学案

这是一份2026年高三英语二轮复习之语法名词-导学案，共6页。学案主要包含了名词单数变复数规则变化，名词单数变复数不规则变化，只有复数形式的名词，不可数名词，名词所有格，动词或形容词转换成名词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点二、名词单数变复数不规则变化
1. 改变词中元音字母 wman—wmen, gse—geese，man—men，ft—feet，tth—teeth（注意变化例外的词： human-humans, German-Germans)
2. 其他:child—children, bacterium—bacteria，crisis—crises，x—xen，
phenmenn—phenmena, medium—media, criterin —criteria, basis—bases, analysis—analyses, muse—mice
合成名词变为复数的规则
有主体名词的合成名词变为复数，只需将主体名词变为复数形式即可
如: lker-n--lkers-n, passer-by--passers-by, stry-teller-stry-tellers等。
无主体名词的合成名词变为复数，需要在名词末尾处加s
如: g-betweens、grwn－ups等。
考点三、只有复数形式的名词
此类名词总是以复数形式出现，如belngings所有物， cngratulatins祝贺，
cntents目录， earnings收入， firewrks烟火， gds商品， leavings剩余物，
thanks感谢， wishes祝愿， greetings祝词， manners礼貌，instructins用法说明，
directins用法说明， papers文件， spirits情绪， savings存款， stairs楼梯，
surrundings环境， wages工资等。
在固定短语中，一些名词只用复数形式
如: take turns t d sth轮流做某事，in high spirits兴高采烈，make friends with 与……交朋友
shake hands with与……握手， make preparatins fr为……做准备，
make ends meet使收支仅能相抵， take pains t d sth费力地做某事等。
[注意]
以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如maths，plitics，physics等学科名词。
news 为不可数名词。
(2)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名，也可视为单数。
考点四、不可数名词
1 抽象名词具体化
抽象名词的具体化: 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用
2 名词与数量词的搭配
考点五、名词所有格
表示有生命的东西或时间、距离等的名词常在词尾加－'s
如：Children's Day儿童节 a twenty minutes' walk二十分钟的步行路程
以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加'
如：Teachers' Day教师节， the wrkers' struggle工人的斗争。
有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词在词尾加's
如：tday's newspaper今天的报纸，ten minutes' break十分钟的休息
无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词，一般均可用介词f短语来表示所属关系
如：the capital f ur cuntry我们国家的首都，a friend f mine 我的一个朋友
表示住宅、诊所、医院等时，名词所有格修饰的中心词往往省略
如：at the dctr's在诊所，at my sister's在我姐姐/妹妹的家，at the barber's 在理发店
考点六、动词或形容词转换成名词
1：动词转化为名词的后缀
2：形容词转化为名词的后缀
练一练
1. The mvie named A Little Red Flwer shws ________(parent) lve fr their children.
2. T let us knw mre abut yur hmetwn, can yu give a ________(describe) f it?
3. Then there was an ________ (explde) f bright clrs and lively music, and the grup jumped int actin.
4. They were due t pay the balance n ________ (deliver).
5. At a ________ (tailr) shp nearby, he witnessed a debate n the fashin.
6. On a recent day, ________(passer-by) debated whether t feed them carrts.
7. I am writing this e-mail t send my ________________(cngratulate) t yu n yur victry.
8．___________ (curius) is nt always gd. Mst smkers start smking ut f it.
9．___________ (prefer) tends t be given t candidates wh exhibit utstanding leadership in the science f astrnmy.
10．The fld victims have received bth sympathy and ___________ (assist) frm the internatinal cmmunity during the fld seasn.
11．The ___________ (prpse) yu came up with yesterday was highly appreciated.
12．Yur insight, kindness, curage, and___________ (generus) make this site what it is.
13．The gvernment has taken ___________ (measure) t bring dwn the high prices f daily gds.
14．The health___________ (secure) systems f many cuntries are underging cnsiderable transfrmatin.
15．Traditinal Chinese Medicine (TCM) is gaining mre __ __(accept) arund the wrld.
16．Yu'll hear these ___________ (participate) stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
17．The trend in the fd service industry twards lwer fat cntent and less salt has had sme unintended side ___________ (effect) such as verweight and heart disease.
18．The ___________ (pssible) that there is life n ther planets in the universe has always inspired scientists t explre the uter space.
19．Nwadays s many ___________ (medium) are used in ur daily life such as films, TV, the radi and bks.
20．The disappearance f dinsaurs is nt necessarily caused by astrnmical incidents. But alternative ___________ (explain) are hard t find.
21．Sme sprts can be hard n the bdy and yung athletes can suffer serius ___________ (injury) that fllw them int adulthd.
22. The harmful effects that smg can have n peple's health are ne f the tp ___________ (cncern) f thse wh live in sme cities.
23．The cmpetitin fr entry t these prjects is keen, and applicants need abve－average grades t gain ___________ (admit).
24．Children have a natural ___________ (curius) abut the wrld arund them and they tend t keep asking questins abut it.
25．Due t the ___________ (apply) f this medical technlgy, sme diseases can be treated at the early stage.
26．Fr decades, he prvided bth the yung and the ld with adventure，cnfidence，strength, ___________ (inspire), friendship and jy.
27．Try t understand what's actually happening instead f acting n the ___________ (assume) yu've made.
28．The health security systems f many cuntries are underging a dramatic ____________ (transfrm).
29．At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and peple experience the sights, sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical ___________ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.
30．(2025.1·浙江全国Ⅰ卷) Tanya's shp ffers fashin clthes fr wmen t rent rather than purchase them utright, prviding a less expensive ________(slve) t ne－time event dressing.
31．(2025.1·浙江全国Ⅰ卷) “I really want t make this wrk fr ________(peple) lives tday, and I knw that desn't always mean returning a dress n the Mnday after a special weekend.”she says.
32．(2025·八省联考) As mre and mre freigners start t study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the wrld will have a better understanding f China and its rich histry, its hard－wrking peple, its develpment thrugh ________(innvate), and its inclusiveness.
33．(2024·新全国Ⅰ卷) These plants included mdern Western ________(favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
34.（2021新高考II卷）A cmpany ________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
35.（2026浙江卷1月）One f my earliest memries is being held in her arms, cunting dwn the flashing green __________(number) tgether.
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Stamp cllecting has emerged as a fresh and innvative apprach fr yung peple t dcument their travels. Instead f ____1____ (mere) taking phts with famus landmarks, ____2_____(enthusiast) f this new trend eagerly explre every crner f varius attractins, museums, and shps during their jurneys in search ____3____ varius stamps. They imprint the stamps, usually with single r multiclred pictures f the scenic spts r images f famus peple n pstcards r in travel jurnals, thus_____4___ (create) a unique memry f their travels. Free r paid, each stamp serves as a representatin f the visitr's____5____ (present) at that specific lcatin, becming a ___6_____ (cherish) part f their memries.
Shi Junchu, 29, frm Yunnan Prvince, came acrss stamp cllecting three years ag while travelling in Wuhan, Hubei Prvince. She finds it t be a better way f cmmemrating her travels ___7_____ purchasing suvenirs, s she carries a specially prepared ntebk fr cllecting stamps whenever she travels.
“Stamp cllecting has added mre meaning t my travels. Turning the pages f thse ntebks ___8_____ (feel) smewhat like lking at phts. I can recall ___9_____ happened back then just by turning t a page—what delicius fd I had, and what fun experiences I enjyed，” she said.
She currently perates a private museum in Kunming. Since last Octber, she has als intrduced stamp－cllecting services ___10_____ (encurage) mre visitrs t explre the museum.
答案：
1.parents’ 2. descriptin 3. explsin 4. delivery 5. tailr’s
6. passers-by 7. cngratulatins 8. Curisity 9. Preference 10. assistance
11. prpsal 12. genersity 13. measures 14. security 15. acceptance
16. participants' 17. effects 18. pssibility 19. media 20. explanatins
21.injuries 22. cncerns 23. admissin 24. curisity 25. applicatin
26. inspiratin 27. assumptin 28. transfrmatin 29. accuracy 30. slutin
31. peple’s 32. innvatin 33. favurites 34 representative 35. numbers
语法填空
1．merely 考查副词。句意：这种新潮流的爱好者不只是和著名的地标拍照，而是在旅途中热切地探索各个景点、博物馆和商店的每一个角落，寻找各种印章。修饰动词taking，需用副词merely，作状语。故填merely。
2．enthusiasts 考查名词的数。句意同上。空处需填名词作主语，enthusiast是可数名词，此处表泛指，且其前无限定词，因此应用其复数形式。故填enthusiasts。
3．f 考查介词。句意同第1题。in search f为固定搭配，意为“寻找”。故填f。
4．creating 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们把印章印在明信片或旅行日志上，通常是风景名胜或名人的单色或多色照片，从而创造出一种独特的旅行记忆。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为imprint，因此空处为非谓语动词，在这里作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故填creating。
5．presence 考查名词。句意：无论免费还是付费，每个印章都代表了游客在那个特定地点的存在，成为他们记忆中珍贵的一部分。visitr's为名词所有格，修饰名词。故填presence。
6．cherished 考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词part，需用形容词cherished，作定语。故填cherished。
7．than 考查介词。句意：她发现这是一种比购买纪念品更好的纪念旅行的方式，所以她每次旅行都带着一个专门准备的笔记本，用来收集印章。根据上文的“better”可知，此处应填比较级的标志词than。故填than。
8．feels 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：翻动那些笔记本页面的感觉有点像在看照片。此处陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，此处为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填feels。
9．what 考查宾语从句。句意：只要翻开一页，就能回忆起当时发生的事情，我吃过什么美味的食物和享受过什么有趣的经历。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
10．t encurage 考查非谓语动词。句意：自去年十月起，她还推出了集章服务，以鼓励更多游客来探索博物馆。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，表示目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t encurage。种类
变化
例词
一般情况
词尾加-s
bk--bks, pen--pens
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾
词尾加-es
bus--buses，bench--benches，
bx--bxes，dish--dishes，
但stmach例外，其后直接加-s
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变y为i后加-es
family--families，city--cities
以“元音字母＋y”结尾
词尾加-s
key--keys，by--bys
以-f或-fe结尾
多数变f或fe
为v后加-es
leaf--leaves， life--lives,
knife--knives
少数词尾加-s
chief--chiefs, rf--rfs, belief--beliefs
口诀1：妻子(wives)持刀(knives)去宰狼(wlves)，小偷(thieves)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelves)后保己(selves)命(lives)，半(halves)片树叶(leaves)遮目光
口诀2：首领（chiefs）和厨师（chefs）相信(beliefs)证据(prfs)在海湾（gulfs）边的悬崖(cliffs)顶(rfs)的保险箱里（safes)
以字母-结尾
多数词尾加-s
pht--phts, kil--kils, pian--pians
词尾加-es
her--heres, ptat--ptates，
tmat--tmates
口诀：英雄(her)黑人(negr)爱吃土豆(ptat)和西红柿(tmat)
抽象名词
具体化
success
a success一个(件)成功的人或事
failure
a failure一个(件)失败的人或事
surprise
a surprise一件令人惊讶的事情
pleasure
a pleasure一件乐事
hnur
an hnur一个(件)引以为荣的人或事
cmfrt
a cmfrt一个令人感到安慰的人或事物
数量词
其后所加名词类别
a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number f, hundreds f, dzens/scres f
可数名词
a (little), a great deal f, a large amunt f, much
不可数名词
a lt f, lts f, enugh, masses f, plenty f, a quantity f, quantities f, a supply f, sme
可数/不可数名词
后缀
例词
－in/
－tin/
－sin/
－atin
crrect--crrectin改正 celebrate--celebratin庆祝
cnclude--cnclusin结论；结束 discuss--discussin讨论；
admit--admissin承认；准许加入 permit--permissin允许，许可
invite--invitatin邀请 explain--explanatin解释
－er/
－r
sail--sailr海员，水手 drive--driver司机；驾驶员
annunce--annuncer广播员 cnduct--cnductr指挥；售票员
－ment
achieve--achievement成就 equip --equipment装备；设备
argue--argument辩论；论据 treat--treatment对待；治疗
－ance/
－ence
appear--appearance出现；外貌 guide--guidance指引；指导
perfrm--perfrmance表演；表现 exist--existence存在；生存
prefer--preference偏爱 refer--reference参考，查阅
－ure/
－ture
fail--failure失败；倒闭 press--pressure压力
depart--departure离开；出发 mix--mixture混合(物)
－ing
hear--hearing听力，听觉 begin--beginning开始
－y
recver--recvery恢复 discver--discvery发现
后缀
例词
－age
shrt--shrtage 短缺 percent--percentage 百分比
－cy
efficient--efficiency效率 fluent--fluency流利
accurate--accuracy准确性 private--privacy隐私
－dm
free--freedm自由 wise--wisdm明智；智慧
－ence
different--difference差异 evident --evidence 证据
－ness
weak--weakness虚弱；弱点 thick--thickness厚度
kind--kindness仁慈，友好 careless--carelessness粗心大意
－th
strng--strength力气；优势 warm--warmth温暖；热情
－y/－ty/－ity
safe--safety安全 disable--disability缺陷；伤残
respnsible--respnsibility责任 hnest--hnesty诚实