高考英语一模保分卷03（北京卷）（教师版）

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这是一份高考英语一模保分卷03（北京卷）（教师版），共22页。
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（原创题）It was a busy Friday at Green High Schl. Li Hua, a Grade 11 student, wke up late because he (1) ______ his alarm clck. He rushed thrugh breakfast and ran t the bus stp, hping t catch the schl bus. T his relief, he (2) ______ it by secnds.
At schl, he fund his classmates already discussing the cming science fair. Everyne seemed (3) ______, especially Wang Mei, wh had prepared a cl experiment. Li Hua felt a bit nervus because he hadn’t started his prject yet. During lunch break, he (4) ______ t ask Mr. Zhang, the physics teacher, fr advice.
Mr. Zhang smiled and said, “Dn’t wrry. Yu can turn a simple idea int smething (5) ______.” Li Hua listened carefully and gt a fresh thught. He decided t build a small wind-pwered mdel. Over the next tw days, he wrked with fcus and (6) ______, using cardbard, a fan, and sme wire.
On the day f the fair, his hands were sweaty as he set up the mdel. When it started t spin, the crwd let ut a cheer. Li Hua felt a strng sense f (7) ______. Wang Mei came ver and gave him a thumbs-up. “Yur wrk is really (8) ______!” she said.
That afternn, the teacher annunced the winners. Li Hua’s name was called fr the secnd prize. He culdn’t hide his smile. The experience taught him that with a little curage and effrt, he culd (9) ______ difficulties and find success. It als gave him a new (10) ______ fr learning: curisity and persistence are the keys.
1. A. missed B. fixed C. clsedD. brke
2. A. caught B. lst C. drve D. stpped
3. A. bred B. excited C. angry D. tired
4. A. frgt B. refused C. decided D. prmised
5. A. rdinary B. useless C. amazing D. strange
6. A. patience B. wrry C. pride D. delay
7. A. shame B. pride C. fear D. dubt
8. A. simple B. nisyC. weak D. creative
9. A. avid B. create C. vercme D. ignre
10. A. methd B. habitC. rule D. attitude
【答案】
1. A2. A 3. B4. C5. C
6. A7. B8. D9. C10. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中生李华在一个忙碌的周五因为起晚差点错过校车，后来在老师的鼓励下完成科学展项目的经历，并从中领悟到好奇心和坚持的重要性。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：李华起晚了，因为他错过了闹钟。A. missed错过；B. fixed修理；C. clsed关闭；D. brke弄坏。根据前文“wke up late”可知，他没听到闹钟，因此错过了它。故选A。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他松了一口气的是，他差几秒就赶上了校车。A. caught赶上；B. lst失去；C. drve驾驶；D. stpped停止。根据“T his relief”可知，他及时到达车站并赶上了车。故选A。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人似乎都很兴奋，尤其是王梅，她已经准备好了一个很酷的实验。A. bred无聊的；B. excited兴奋的；C. angry生气的；D. tired疲惫的。根据语境，大家在讨论即将到来的科学展，情绪应是兴奋的。故选B。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：午休时，他决定向物理老师张老师寻求建议。A. frgt忘记；B. refused拒绝；C. decided决定；D. prmised承诺。根据下文他与老师交谈可知，他做出了去请教的决定。故选C。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可以把一个简单的想法变成令人惊叹的东西。A. rdinary普通的；B. useless无用的；C. amazing令人惊叹的；D. strange奇怪的。老师鼓励他，强调简单想法也能变得精彩。故选C。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来的两天，他专注而耐心地制作模型，用了纸板、风扇和一些电线。A. patience耐心；B. wrry担心；C. pride骄傲；D. delay延迟。与“fcus”并列，表示他工作时认真且有耐心。故选A。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当模型开始转动时，人群发出欢呼，李华感到强烈的自豪感。A. shame羞愧；B. pride自豪；C. fear害怕；D. dubt怀疑。成功展示作品让他感到骄傲。故选B。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你的作品真的很有创意！”她说。A. simple简单的；B. nisy吵闹的；C. weak弱的；D. creative有创意的。王梅称赞他的作品有新意。故选D。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次经历教会他，只要有一点勇气和努力，就能克服困难并取得成功。A. avid避免；B. create创造；C. vercme克服；D. ignre忽视。与“difficulties”搭配，表示战胜困难。故选C。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也让他对学习有了新的态度：好奇心和坚持是关键。A. methd方法；B. habit习惯；C. rule规则；D. attitude态度。文章最后强调他对学习的看法发生了改变，因此是新的态度。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
（原创题）One day last summer, I 11.______(walk) hme after schl when I nticed a little dg lying by the radside. It lked hungry and scared. I knelt dwn and ffered it sme fd. The dg wagged its tail, as if t say thank yu. I decided 12_______(take) it hme, thugh my parents were nt sure at first. They agreed when they saw hw gentle it was. Since then, the dg 13_______(becme) part f ur family.
【答案】
11.was walking12.t take13.has becme
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述作者在夏天放学回家途中救助一只小狗，并最终收养它的温馨故事。
11.考查谓语动词的时态。句意：去年夏天的一天，我正走在放学回家的路上，这时我注意到路边躺着一只小狗。分析句子可知，when 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时（nticed），主句表示当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语为 I，故填 was walking。
12.考查不定式作宾语。句意：我决定把它带回家，尽管我父母起初并不确定。分析句子可知，decide 后跟不定式作宾语，构成 decide t d sth.，故填 t take。
13.考查谓语动词的时态。句意：从那以后，这只狗成了我们家的一员。分析句子可知，since then 是现在完成时的标志，主语 the dg 为单数，故填 has becme。
B
（原创题）Paper-cutting is a traditinal Chinese art frm, 14_______histry can be traced back ver 1,500 years. Artists use scissrs r knives t cut patterns int red paper, 15________(create) wrks that are bth delicate and meaningful. Mst designs carry wishes fr gd luck, happiness, r wealth. In many regins, 16._______(skill) craftsmen prduce large numbers f paper-cuts fr festivals. These artwrks, usually 17.________(make) in bright clrs, are hung n windws r walls t bring jy. Peple believe they can drive away evil spirits and bless the husehld. Tday, yung designers are explring new themes, making this ancient craft stay relevant t mdern life.
【答案】
14.whse15.creating16.skilled17.made
【解析】本文为说明文，介绍中国传统剪纸艺术的历史、制作过程及现代发展。
14. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：剪纸是一种中国传统艺术形式，其历史可以追溯到1500多年前。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 a traditinal Chinese art frm，指物，且从句中缺少定语修饰 histry，故用关系代词 whse。
15. 考查非谓语，现在分词作结果状语。句意：艺术家用剪刀或刻刀在红纸上剪出图案，创作出既精致又有意义的作品。分析句子可知，逗号后为结果状语，逻辑主语 Artists 与 create 是主动关系，用现在分词，故填 creating。
16. 考查词性转换（形容词）。句意：在许多地区，技艺精湛的工匠会为节日制作大量剪纸。分析句子可知，空格处修饰 craftsmen，需用形容词，skill 的形容词形式是 skilled（熟练的），故填 skilled。
17. 考查过去分词作定语。句意：这些艺术品通常用鲜艳的颜色制成，挂在窗户或墙上以带来欢乐。分析句子可知，made in bright clrs 作后置定语，修饰 artwrks，表示被动和完成，用过去分词，故填 made。
C
Sme peple argue that technlgy islates us, reducing face-t-face cmmunicatin. They pint ut that many spend hurs n phnes instead f talking t family. Hwever, thers believe technlgy 18._______(bring) us clser, and it allws instant cntact acrss distances. In my view, the key is balance. We shuld use technlgy wisely, and nt let it replace real human 19._______(interact). 20._______ such awareness, we may miss the warmth that nly direct cnversatin can ffer. Technlgy itself is neutral; it is ur chice t decide hw it shapes ur relatinships.
【答案】
18.brings19.interactin20.Withut
【解析】本文为议论文，讨论科技对人际交流的影响，并提出应保持平衡的观点。
18. 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，另一些人认为科技使我们更亲近，因为它能让远距离的人即时联系。分析句子可知，believe 后的宾语从句描述的是普遍事实，用一般现在时，主语 technlgy 为不可数名词，谓语用第三人称单数，故填 brings。
19. 考查词性转换（名词）。句意：我们应该明智地使用科技，不要让科技取代真正的人际互动。分析句子可知，real human 后需接名词，interact 的名词形式是 interactin（互动），故填 interactin。
20. 考查介词。句意：没有这种意识，我们可能会错过只有直接交谈才能带来的温暖。分析句子可知，此处表示条件缺失，用介词 withut 表示“如果没有”，句首首字母大写，故填 Withut。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（新情境）Washingtn, D.C. Bicycle Turs
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn, D.C.
Duratin: 3 hurs
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see a wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn, D.C. Yur guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm. Reserve yur spt befre availability — the cherry blssms—disappear!
Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur
Duratin: 3 hurs (4 miles)
Jin a guided bike tur and view sme f the mst ppular mnuments in Washingtn D.C. Explre the mnuments and memrials n the Natinal Mall as yur guide shares unique facts and histry at each stp. Guided tur includes bike, helmet, ckies and bttled water.
Capital City Bike Tur In Washingtn, D.C.
Duratin: 3 hurs
Mrning r Afternn, this bike tur is the perfect tur fr D. C. newcmers and lcals lking t experience Washingtn, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effrt. Knwledgeable guides will entertain yu with the mst, interesting stries abut Presidents, Cngress, memrials, and parks. Cmfrtable bikes and a smth tur rute(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur
Duratin: 3 hurs (7miles)
Jin a small grup bike tur fr an evening f explratin in the heart f Washingtn, D.C. Get up clse t the mnuments and memrials as yu bike the sites f Capitl Hill and the Natinal Mall. Frequent stps are made fr pht taking as yur guide ffers unique facts and histry. Tur includes bike, helmet, and bttled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A. Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn, D.C. B Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C. Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn.D. Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
22. What will yu d n the Capital City Bike Tur?
A. Meet famus peple. B. G t a natinal park. C. Visit well-knwn museums. D. Enjy interesting stries.
23. Which f the fllwing des the bicycle tur at night prvide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Safety lights. D. Meals.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C
【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了在Washingtn, D.C. 骑自行车旅行的四条路线的相关行程及注意事项。
21. 细节理解题。根据文章Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn, D.C.中的Reserve yur spt befre availability可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。
22. 细节理解题。根据文章Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn, D.C.中的Knwledgeable guides will entertain yu with the mst interesting stries abut Presidents, Cngress, memrials, and parks.可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选C。
B
（新话题）Nici Mense, the New Yrk Jets’ first full-time dietitian, faces the demanding task f managing the daily nutritinal needs f prfessinal athletes. Recently, she has successfully cmpleted her seventh seasn with the team.
Prperly fueling players s that they feel the difference in their perfrmance is smething she learned while playing sccer at university. “I fund sccer t be mre demanding n my bdy than I had expected, and I needed t maintain my energy thrugh prper nutritin t match my perfrmance n the field, ” she said. “This realizatin changed my perspective. I’ve always lved sprts and fd, s cmbining the tw made the mst sense. ”
Mense jined the New Yrk Jets and has stayed in tune with the team’s schedule. “My hurs vary frm time t time, ” she said. “It’s the busiest during training camp thrugh the end f the seasn. We will wrk seven days a week unless it’s ur bye week, when we dn’t play a game during the seasn. We ensure players fuel prperly befre, during and after practice. They receive recvery shakes, snacks and fruit fr pst-practice recvery. While they are in training thrughut the day, that’s my time t plan fr the weeks ahead. ”
Occasinally, athletes need a warm-up perid when wrking with a dietitian. “It can be quite challenging t prve that dietitians are here t help them and that we are nt the fd plice, ” said Mense. “There are times when a player desn’t listen t the educatin and injures themselves. But it’s always s awesme t see when it wrks fr them. ” Nevertheless, Mense feels fulfilled in her rle and cntinues t push the athletes, knwing that nutritin is key t fueling perfrmance, recvery and lng-term health.
Mense describes herself as “bsessed” with her field, cnstantly evlving and gaining knwledge. “If I am the same dietitian three years frm nw, then I am ding smething wrng, ” she declared. “The mre pen-minded I am, and the mre I am able t learn as a prfessinal, the better I can help athletes with their gals. ”
By staying at the frefrnt f her field, Mense prvides athletes with essential nutritin strategies t supprt their perfrmance, recvery, and lng-term health. With her dedicatin and expertise, it’s clear that prfessinal athletes are truly eating their way t victry.
24. What mtivated Nici Mense t chse her career?
A. Her urge t make life changes.B. Her experience f playing sccer.
C. Her admiratin fr athletes’ spirits.D. Her dream f being a prfessinal athlete.
25. What can we learn abut Nici Mense?
A. She keeps her prfessinal knwledge updated.
B. Her pririty is t prvide pst-game recvery meals.
C. She wrks seven days a week during the seasn perid.
D. Her wrking hurs are fixed thrughut the entire seasn.
26. Nici Mense smetimes finds it hard t wrk with athletes because they _________.
A. put their persnal interests firstB. cmplain abut their unhealthy diet
C. disagree abut their training scheduleD. dubt the rle f a dietitian in their team
27. Which wrds can best describe Nici Mense?
A. Determined and generus.B. Humble and innvative.
C. Enthusiastic and cmmitted.D. Talkative and pen-minded.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了纽约喷气机队营养师尼西・门斯，包括其职业选择缘由、工作内容及自身专业态度等。
24. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Prperly fueling players s that they feel the difference in their perfrmance is smething she learned while playing sccer at university. ‘I fund sccer t be mre demanding n my bdy than I had expected, and I needed t maintain my energy thrugh prper nutritin t match my perfrmance n the field,’ she said. ‘This realizatin changed my perspective. I’ve always lved sprts and fd, s cmbining the tw made the mst sense.’(给运动员合理补充能量，让他们感受到自身表现差异，这是她在大学踢足球时学到的。她说：‘我发现足球对我身体的要求比我预期的要高，我需要通过合理的营养来保持能量，以匹配我在球场上的表现。这种认识改变了我的看法。我一直热爱体育和美食，所以将两者结合起来是最合理的。’)”可知，是她大学踢足球时的经历让她意识到营养对运动表现的重要性，从而促使她选择了现在的职业。故选B项。
25. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Mense describes herself as ‘bsessed’ with her field, cnstantly evlving and gaining knwledge. ‘If I am the same dietitian three years frm nw, then I am ding smething wrng, ’ she declared. ‘The mre pen-minded I am, and the mre I am able t learn as a prfessinal, the better I can help athletes with their gals. ’(门斯称自己对自己的领域‘着迷’，不断发展并获取知识。她宣称：‘如果三年后我还是同一个营养师，那我就做错了。我越开明，作为一名专业人士我能学到的越多，我就能越好地帮助运动员实现他们的目标。’)”可知，门斯不断更新自己的专业知识。故选A项。
26. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Occasinally, athletes need a warm-up perid when wrking with a dietitian. ‘It can be quite challenging t prve that dietitians are here t help them and that we are nt the fd plice,’ said Mense.(偶尔，运动员在与营养师合作时需要一个磨合阶段。门斯说：‘要证明营养师是来帮助他们的，而我们不是‘食物警察’，这可能相当具有挑战性。’)”可知，有时运动员会怀疑营养师在团队中的作用，觉得营养师像“食物警察”一样限制他们。故选D项。
27. 推理判断题。从文中门斯在纽约喷气机队多年，用心满足运动员营养需求，称自己对领域“着迷”，不断更新知识等内容，比如倒数第二段“Mense describes herself as ‘bsessed’ with her field, cnstantly evlving and gaining knwledge.(Mense 称自己对自己的领域‘着迷’，不断发展并获取知识)”以及最后一段的“ With her dedicatin and expertise, it’s clear that prfessinal athletes are truly eating their way t victry.(凭借她的奉献精神和专业知识，很明显，职业运动员真的是靠吃来取得胜利的。)”她始终致力于通过营养助力运动员表现、恢复和健康等方面，能看出她对工作充满热情且尽心尽力，可用Enthusiastic and cmmitted来形容她。故选C项。
C
（新热点）Fr decades scientists hypthesized that cgnitively demanding tasks, such as writing r slving math prblems, require mre energy than easier tasks like scrlling shrt vides n the phne r lking ut f the windw. Hwever, recent research prves the view wrng. Our brains perfrm massively cmplex and metablically cstly cmputatins all day lng. “Whether yu’ re engaged in a cgnitively demanding task at wrk, r yu’ re staring ff int space, yur brain is using rughly the same amunt f energy,” says neurscientist Tdd Braver f Washingtn University in St. Luis.
In fact, what feels mre challenging is when a task requires the brain t g against its usual habits. Cgnitively demanding wrk ften requires the crdinatin (协作) f many different brain regins in nvel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire tgether.
Studies have fund that pushing against ur brain’s habits triggers an emtinal respnse, making us feel uncmfrtable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychlgist frm the University f Trnt. But he pints ut that emtinal respnses are subjective: They are interpretatins f sensatins in ur bdies and brains. And we can influence hw much we pay attentin t these sensatins and even hw we interpret them. We ften verestimate the struggle and pain required t cmplete cgnitive tasks. This initial verestimatin can lead us t prcrastinate, r even avid the task altgether.
Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle f starting a task, then thinking becmes easier. One way t d that is t pay attentin t the benefits instead f the effrts required. In a study published in the jurnal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrk, a neurscientist at Rutgers University, and his clleagues gave participants the chice f slving an easy memry puzzle fr a small amunt f mney r a much harder puzzle fr mre mney. The ptins were displayed n a screen, and participants’ eye mvements were tracked as they decided which puzzle t attempt. When peple spent mre time lking at the reward fr the challenging puzzle, they were mre likely t chse it. If ur mind’s eye, r ur attentinal fcus, is n the benefits f an ptin, ver time we’ re mre likely t chse t d hard things.
Perfrming cmplex mental tasks will als be less painful if the exertin f mental effrt is habitized. When we dn’t have t make a decisin t fcus every day, we will save urselves cnsidering the csts r cnsequences. T make cgnitively demanding tasks a habit, try t d them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual befre the wrk starts, such as turning ff the phne and launching an app t blck distracting websites. After a few weeks, cncentrating deeply wn’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier.
28. Peple may feel certain cgnitive task demanding because f ________.
A. mre brain energy cnsumptinB. the cmplexity f cmputatins
C the higher level f difficultyD. new crdinatin f brain parts
29. The authr qutes the 2020 study mainly t ________ .
A. supprt a slutinB. present a caseC. analyze the causesD. challenge an assumptin
30. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Overestimatin prmtes efficiency.B. Persnal perceptin determines mtivatin.
C. Fcusing n rewards enhances perfrmance.D. Brain cunteractin triggers psitive emtins.
31. Which f the fllwing can make mental wrk feel easier?
A. Receiving cntinuus supprt when feeling dwn.
B. Seeking prfessinal help when meeting a deadline.
C. Reading thick literary classics fr twenty minutes daily.
D. Breaking dwn a challenging prject int smaller tasks.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于认知任务与大脑能量消耗、习惯及注意力之间的关系，以及如何通过改变习惯和提高注意力来更轻松地完成认知任务。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, what feels mre challenging is when a task requires the brain t g against its usual habits. Cgnitively demanding wrk ften requires the crdinatin (协作) f many different brain regins in nvel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire tgether. (事实上，当一项任务要求大脑违背其通常的习惯时，就会感觉更具挑战性。认知要求高的工作往往需要许多不同的大脑区域以新的模式进行协调，同时使经常一起兴奋的神经回路沉默。)”可知，人们可能会觉得某些认知任务要求很高，是因为这些任务需要大脑各部分之间新的协调。故选D项。
29. 推理判断题。第四段首“Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle f starting a task, then thinking becmes easier. One way t d that is t pay attentin t the benefits instead f the effrts required. (研究表明，如果我们能克服开始一项任务的最初障碍，那么思考就会变得更容易。做到这一点的一种方法是关注收益，而不是需要付出的努力。)”提出解决问题的方案，根据下文“In a study published in the jurnal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrk, a neurscientist at Rutgers University, and his clleagues gave participants the chice f slving an easy memry puzzle fr a small amunt f mney r a much harder puzzle fr mre mney. The ptins were displayed n a screen, and participants’ eye mvements were tracked as they decided which puzzle t attempt. When peple spent mre time lking at the reward fr the challenging puzzle, they were mre likely t chse it. If ur mind’s eye, r ur attentinal fcus, is n the benefits f an ptin, ver time we’ re mre likely t chse t d hard things. (在2020年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，罗格斯大学的神经科学家安德鲁·韦斯特布鲁克和他的同事让参与者选择解决一个简单的记忆谜题来获得少量的钱，或者解决一个更难的谜题来获得更多的钱。这些选项显示在屏幕上，当参与者决定尝试哪个谜题时，他们的眼球运动被跟踪。当人们花更多时间观察挑战性谜题的奖励时，他们更有可能选择它。如果我们的大脑或注意力集中在一个选择的好处上，随着时间的推移，我们更有可能选择做困难的事情。)”可知，作者引用2020年的这一研究来说明段首提出的解决方案是可行，即关注好处可以促使我们选择去做困难的事情。故选A项。
30. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“We ften verestimate the struggle and pain required t cmplete cgnitive tasks. This initial verestimatin can lead us t prcrastinate, r even avid the task altgether. (我们经常高估完成认知任务所需要经历的困难和痛苦。这种最初的高估会导致我们拖延，甚至完全避免这项任务。)”可推知，个人对认知任务的感知会影响其动力，即个人感知决定动力。故选B项。
31. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Perfrming cmplex mental tasks will als be less painful if the exertin f mental effrt is habitized. When we dn’t have t make a decisin t fcus every day, we will save urselves cnsidering the csts r cnsequences. T make cgnitively demanding tasks a habit, try t d them every day at the same time and in the same place. (如果精神努力的付出成为一种习惯，那么执行复杂的脑力任务也不会那么痛苦。当我们不必每天都做出专注的决定时，我们就会省去考虑成本或后果的麻烦。为了让认知要求高的任务成为一种习惯，试着每天在同一时间、同一地点做这些事情。)”可知，让精神工作感觉更容易的方法就是让其成为习惯。故选C项。
D
（新话题）In “the repair shp”, a British televisin series, craftsmen(工匠)mend family heirlms(传家宝)that viewers have brught t their wrkshp. The attractin cmes frm watching them apply their craft t restre these heirlms and the emtinal appeal frm the tears that fllw when the wner is presented with the beautifully restred heirlms.
Perhaps the idea f craftsmanship is nt simply nstalgic(怀旧的). In a new paper in the Academy f Management, five academics examine the idea f crafts as a way f remaking the rganizatin f wrk. They define craft as “a humanist apprach t wrk that priritizes human engagement ver machine cntrl”. Crafts require distinct skills, an all-rund apprach t wrk that invlves the whle prduct and an attitude that necessitates devtin t the jb and a fcus n the cmmunal interest. The cncept f craft emphasizes the human tuch and individual judgment. Essentially, the crafts cncept seems t run against the management studies which have lng priritized efficiency and cnsistency.
There are tw ptential markets fr thse wh practise crafts. The first cmes frm the cnsumers wh are willing t pay an extra price fr gds cnsidered t be f extra quality. This market stretches all the way dwn frm designer fashin thrugh craft beers t bakeries ffering laves made by hand. The secnd market lies in thse cnsumers wh wish t use their purchases t supprt lcal wrkers, r t reduce their envirnmental impact by taking gds t craftspeple t be mended, r recycled.
Fr wrkers, the appeal f craftsmanship is that it allws them the autnmy t make creative chices, and thus makes a jb far mre satisfying. In that sense, it culd ffer hpe fr the verall labr market. Let the machines autmate dull and repetitive tasks and let wrkers fcus purely n their skills, judgment and imaginatin. As a current example, the academics cite the agile manifest(敏捷软件开发宣言) in the sftware sectr, an industry at the heart f technlgical change. The pineers behind the riginal agile manifest prmised t priritize “individuals and interactins ver prcesses and tls”. By bringing tgether experts frm different teams, agile wrking is designed t imprve creativity.
But the brader questin is whether crafts can create a lt mre jbs than they d tday. Demand fr crafted prducts may rise but will it be easy t retrain wrkers in sectrs that might get autmated (such as truck drivers) t take advantage?
Histry als suggests that the link between crafts and creativity is nt autmatic. Yung craftsmen are expected t spend lng perids as jurneymen befre they culd set up n their wn; by that time the innvative spirit may have been kncked ut f them. Craft wrkers can thrive in the mdern era, but nly if they dn’t get t rganized.
32. Which f the fllwing is true abut craft?
A. It emphasizes the imprtance f marketing.B. It slws the expansin f ptential markets.
C. It generates greater efficiency and cnsistency.D. It requires cmprehensive understanding f wrk.
33. The “agile manifest” is mentined t shw ________.
A. the cmpetitin in the labr marketB. the benefit f craftsmanship t wrkers
C. the advantage f mechanical autmatinD. the imprtance f sftware in technlgical change
34. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. The Emtinal Appeal—Crafts and Restratin
B. The Humanist Apprach—Crafts and Innvatin
C. The Human Tuch—Crafts and the Future f Wrk
D. The Efficiency War—Crafts and Mass-prduced Prducts
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了手工艺行业的优点及未来前景。
32. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Crafts require distinct skills, an all-rund apprach t wrk that invlves the whle prduct and an attitude that necessitates devtin t the jb and a fcus n the cmmunal interest.(手工艺需要独特技能、涉及整个产品的全面的工作方法以及对这项工作的热爱和对共同利益的关注)”可知。手工艺需要对工作有全面的了解。故选D。
33.推理判断题。根据第四段“As a current example, the academics cite the agile manifest(敏捷软件开发宣言) in the sftware sectr, an industry at the heart f technlgical change.(作为当前的一个例子，学者们引用了软件行业的敏捷软件开发宣言，这是一个处于技术变革中心的行业)”可知，这个例子是针对本段开头“Fr wrkers, the appeal f craftsmanship is that it allws them the autnmy t make creative chices, and thus makes a jb far mre satisfying.(对工人来说，手工艺的吸引力在于它让他们可以自主做出创造性的选择，从而使工作更加令人满意)”而列举的，由本句句意可知，这里在阐述手工艺给工人带来的好处。故选B。
34. 主旨大意题。文章开头描写了手工艺者将修复好的传家宝交给物主时令人感动的场景，说明这是个富有人情味的行业，倒数第二段第一句“But the brader questin is whether crafts can create a lt mre jbs than they d tday.(但更深远的问题是手工艺是否能创造比今天多得多的就业机会)”并结合文章介绍了手工艺行业的优点及未来前景，可知“The Human Tuch—Crafts and the Future f Wrk(人情味的手工艺行业和未来的工作)”适合作为本文标题。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（新动向）Happiness is cnsidered very imprtant in life. It is s pwerful that it affects many things in yur life—yur sleep, relatinships, health, study and wrk. ____35____
Happiness desn’t happen spntaneusly—it requires planning twards pursuing things that matter t us. ____36____ It’s necessary t set gals t lk frward t and fllw an actinable plan t achieve them, which can bst yur self-cnfidence and reduce stress and anxiety.
____37____ When yu are feeling negative abut yurself, ask yurself what advice yu wuld give a friend wh was dwn n himself r herself. Nw try t apply that advice t yurself.
Keeping mving is als a gd way. When peple get up and mve, they tend t be happier than when they are still. We dn’t knw if mving makes yu happy r if happy peple just mve mre, but we d knw that mre activity ges hand-in-hand with better health and greater happiness. ____38____ Sunlight makes a difference. Spend time utside r live in a space with natural light.
It is surely that ur happiness is linked with the happiness f thers. ____39____ Happiness is infectius, s stay with peple wh are happy, supprtive and give yu psitive feedback.
Happiness ften cmes frm within. When yu are happy, anything is pssible. Happy peple dn’t have the best f everything; they make the best f what they have.
A. The first secret is t enjy simple things in life.
B. Smetimes, yu need t treat yurself like a friend.
C. Studies als supprt that spending time in nature is gd fr yu.
D. Yu can frget abut yur prblems, and turn t yur friends fr help.
E. Happiness is nt smething ready-made, but cmes frm yur wn actins.
F. Gal setting is imprtant, since it frms the utline fr the life yu envisin.
G. Peple wh are surrunded by happy peple are mre likely t becme happy.
【答案】35. E 36. F 37. B 38. C 39. G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是幸福，幸福从哪里来，怎么获得幸福。
35. 上文“Happiness is cnsidered very imprtant in life. It is s pwerful that it affects many things in yur life—yur sleep, relatinships, health, study and wrk.(幸福被认为是生活中非常重要的。它是如此强大，以至于它影响着你生活中的许多事情——睡眠、人际关系、健康、学习和工作。)”提到了幸福的重要性，影响着生活中许多东西；下文“Happiness desn’t happen spntaneusly—it requires planning twards pursuing things that matter t us.(幸福不是自然而然发生的——它需要有计划地追求对我们重要的事情。)”提到了幸福不是自然而然发生的，需要有计划地追求，此处开始介绍获得幸福的方式。由此可推知，设空处为过渡句，需要引出下文。E项“Happiness is nt smething ready-made, but cmes frm yur wn actins.(幸福不是现成的，而是来自于你自己的行动。)”恰好能引出下文。故选E项。
36. 上文“Happiness desn’t happen spntaneusly—it requires planning twards pursuing things that matter t us.(幸福不是自然而然发生的——它需要有计划地追求对我们重要的事情。)”提到了幸福不是自然而然发生的，需要有计划地追求；下文“It’s necessary t set gals t lk frward t and fllw an actinable plan t achieve them, which can bst yur self-cnfidence and reduce stress and anxiety.(设定目标并遵循可行的计划来实现它们是很有必要的，这可以增强你的自信，减少压力和焦虑。)”提到了设定目标并按可行的计划来实现很有必要。由此可推知，此处与“按照计划设定目标”息息相关，F项“Gal setting is imprtant, since it frms the utline fr the life yu envisin.(设定目标很重要，因为它勾勒出了你想象的生活的轮廓。)”与上下文对应，故选F项。
37. 设空处位于段首，需能概括本段内容；下文“When yu are feeling negative abut yurself, ask yurself what advice yu wuld give a friend wh was dwn n himself r herself.(当你对自己感到消极时，问问自己，你会给一个对自己失望的朋友什么建议。)”提到了当对自己感到消极时，问问自己会给对自己失望的朋友什么建议。由此可推知，本段重点强调“自己”，把自己当成朋友。B项“Smetimes, yu need t treat yurself like a friend.(有时候，你需要像对待朋友一样对待自己。)”与下文对应。故选B项。
38. 根据段首句“Keeping mving is als a gd way.(保持运动也是一个好方法)”可知，本段与运动息息相关；上文“We dn’t knw if mving makes yu happy r if happy peple just mve mre, but we d knw that mre activity ges hand-in-hand with better health and greater happiness.(我们不知道运动是否会让你快乐，或者快乐的人只是多运动，但我们知道更多的运动与更好的健康和更大的快乐相伴而生。)”提到了运动与健康和快乐相伴；下文“Sunlight makes a difference. Spend time utside r live in a space with natural light.(阳光也有影响。花时间在户外或有自然光的地方生活。)”提到了去户外或有自然光的地方生活。由此可知，此处是建议去户外运动。C项“Studies als supprt that spending time in nature is gd fr yu.(研究也表明，花时间在大自然中对你有好处。)”与上下文对应。故选C项。
39. 上文“It is surely that ur happiness is linked with the happiness f thers.(毫无疑问，我们的幸福是与他人的幸福联系在一起的。)”提到了我们的幸福与他人的幸福有关；下文“Happiness is infectius, s stay with peple wh are happy, supprtive and give yu psitive feedback.(幸福是会传染的，所以和幸福的、支持你的、能给你积极反馈的人呆在一起。)”提到了幸福会传染；由此可推知，此处是在建议和幸福的人待在一起。G项“Peple wh are surrunded by happy peple are mre likely t becme happy.(被快乐的人包围的人更有可能变得快乐。)”与上下文对应。故选G项。
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（新题材）Rte learning has becme seen as an utdated methd f teaching. The dictinary defines ‘by rte’ as: ‘frm memry, withut thught f the meaning; in a mechanical way’.
The decline f rte learning has been quickened by technlgy. N ne needs t memrize friends’ phne numbers r email addresses because such data is cnveniently stred and accessible electrnically. And why remember when and where Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut when yu can find the answer n the internet in abut six secnds? But nw there are vices calling fr a need t return t rte learning.
In fact, memrizing key data is essential t learning any skill. Dctring requires knwledge f medicine and law, which requires knwledge f cases and laws. Of curse, being able t recall things will nt further yur understanding f thse things, but withut memrizing these fundatin elements, yu cannt prgress t a deeper understanding f a subject.
While the internet and cmputers have weakened the need fr us t remember things, it may well be that mbile learning can help bring this style f learning back t life by making it mre cnvenient and mre fun.
Drilling yurself — with flashcards r by repetitin — is usually hard and bring wrk, which is why mst peple need their multiplicatin tables t be drilled int them by teachers r parents. Rte learning withut a willing third party can be a battle f discipline and mtivatin. But mbile learning can make thse flashcards and drills mre apprpriate t individual study; ur digital devices can challenge and infrm us at the same time and als keep us mtivated, whether thrugh game-like structures r recrding ur prgress.
Once yu’ve acquired the essentials f a subject by rte learning, yu will find it easier t g deeper in the applicatin f knwledge which is imprtant.
40. What des “rte learning” mean?
____________________________________________________________________
41. Why is “rte learning” an essential learning skill?
____________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▷The internet and cmputers have reduced ur need t remember infrmatin, and mbile learning prbably makes rte learning mre difficult.
____________________________________________________________________
43. What’s yur wn pinin abut rte learning? And explain why. (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. It means learning frm memry, withut thught f the meaning, in a mechanical way.
41. Because memrizing key data is essential t learning any skill and withut memrizing these fundatin elements, yu cannt prgress t a deeper understanding f a subject.
42. The internet and cmputers have reduced ur need t remember infrmatin, and mbile learning prbably makes rte learning mre difficult. Because mbile learning can make rte learning mre cnvenient and fun, and help bring it back t life.
43. I think rte learning is necessary in sme cases. Fr example, when learning basic facts r frmulas, rte learning can help us quickly recall them and apply them in practical situatins. Hwever, understanding and critical thinking are als imprtant.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了死记硬背的定义、重要性，以及移动学习对它的助力
40. 考查细节理解。由文章第一段“Rte learning has becme seen as an utdated methd f teaching. The dictinary defines ‘by rte’ as: ‘frm memry, withut thught f the meaning; in a mechanical way’. (字典对“死记硬背”的定义是：‘凭记忆，不考虑意思；机械地’。)”可知，死记硬背是指凭记忆，不考虑意思，机械地学习。故答案为It means learning frm memry, withut thught f the meaning, in a mechanical way.
41. 考查细节理解。由文章第三段“In fact, memrizing key data is essential t learning any skill. Dctring requires knwledge f medicine and law, which requires knwledge f cases and laws. Of curse, being able t recall things will nt further yur understanding f thse things, but withut memrizing these fundatin elements, yu cannt prgress t a deeper understanding f a subject. (事实上，记忆关键数据对于学习任何技能都是至关重要的。行医需要医学和法律知识，这需要案例和法律知识。当然，能够回忆起事情并不会加深你对这些事情的理解，但是如果不记住这些基础元素，你就无法深入理解一个主题。)”可知，死记硬背是必要的学习技能，因为记忆关键数据对于学习任何技能都是至关重要的，没有记住这些基础元素，就无法深入理解一个主题。故答案为Because memrizing key data is essential t learning any skill and withut memrizing these fundatin elements, yu cannt prgress t a deeper understanding f a subject.
42. 考查细节理解。由文章第四段“While the internet and cmputers have weakened the need fr us t remember things, it may well be that mbile learning can help bring this style f learning back t life by making it mre cnvenient and mre fun. (虽然互联网和电脑削弱了我们记忆事物的需求，但移动学习很可能通过使这种学习方式更加方便和有趣，使其重新焕发生机。)”可知，互联网和电脑减少了我们记忆信息的需求，而移动学习可能使死记硬背变得更容易，而不是更困难。故答案为The internet and cmputers have reduced ur need t remember infrmatin, and mbile learning prbably makes rte learning mre difficult. Because mbile learning can make rte learning mre cnvenient and fun, and help bring it back t life.
43. 开放性题目，此题要求回答：你对死记硬背有什么看法？并解释原因。（约40字）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我认为在某些情况下，死记硬背是必要的。例如，在学习基本事实或公式时，死记硬背可以帮助我们快速回忆它们并将其应用于实际情况。然而，理解和批判性思维也很重要。故答案为I think rte learning is necessary in sme cases. Fr example, when learning basic facts r frmulas, rte learning can help us quickly recall them and apply them in practical situatins. Hwever, understanding and critical thinking are als imprtant.
第二节（20分）
你将参加英语课上的“一分钟演讲”活动。请你针对部分同学在校园内用手机拍摄短视频的现象写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
(1) 陈述看法；(2) 提出建议。
注意：
(1) 写作词数应为80左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
My Views n Filming Shrt Vides n Campus
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
My Views n Filming Shrt Vides n Campus
Dear classmates,
Recently, sme f us have been filming shrt vides n campus. In my pinin, it can be a fun way t recrd campus life, but it als has its drawbacks. Nt nly may it distract us frm ur studies and even disrupt the schl rder, but it might als cause unnecessary cmparisns and affect ur self-esteem when the vides dn’t get the expected respnse.
I suggest we shuld limit the time fr filming and chse prper places. Let’s fcus mre n ur academic tasks and make gd use f ur time n campus.
Thank yu!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于演讲稿。要求考生针对部分同学在校园内用手机拍摄短视频的现象陈述看法并提出建议。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
记录：recrd → dcument
缺点：drawback → disadvantage
分散注意力：distract → divert
建议：suggest → prpse
2. 句式拓展
并列句变复合句
原句：In my pinin, it can be a fun way t recrd campus life, but it als has its drawbacks.
拓展句：In my pinin, it can be a fun way that we can use t recrd campus life, but it als has its drawbacks.
【点睛】[高分句型 1] Nt nly may it distract us frm ur studies and even disrupt the schl rder, but it might als cause unnecessary cmparisns and affect ur self esteem when the vides dn’t get the expected respnse. (运用了nt als...并列结构和从属连词when 引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型 2] I suggest we shuld limit the time fr filming and chse prper places. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句和虚拟语气)
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）