英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品课时作业

这是一份英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品课时作业，共17页。试卷主要包含了定语从句高考真题4，单句语法填空5，完成句子8等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目录
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc8392" \l "_Tc5143" A 考点概览·知识回顾 PAGEREF _Tc8392 \h 1
\l "_Tc25907" B 考点夯基·专项突破3
\l "_Tc4491" 一、定语从句高考真题4
\l "_Tc9962" 二、单句语法填空5
\l "_Tc9962" 三、完成句子8
\l "_Tc8120" C 综合攻坚·能力跃升11
\l "_Tc30590" 题型一 语法填空（模考真题）11
\l "_Tc25546" 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题）14
定语从句中的关系代词是连接主句和定语从句的关键词，它既代表先行词（被修饰的名词或代词），又在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分（如主语、宾语、定语等）。
核心关系代词及其功能：
1. wh / whm (指人)
Wh (主语): 在从句中作主语，不可省略。
The wman wh lives next dr is a dctr. (住在隔壁的那个女人是医生。) [wh = wman, 在从句中作主语 lives]
Wh / Whm (宾语): 在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。非正式场合常用 wh 代替 whm，且常可省略。在介词后必须用 whm，且不可省略。
The man (wh/whm) I met yesterday is my cusin. (我昨天遇到的那个男人是我的表兄。) [wh/whm = man, 在从句中作 met 的宾语，可省略]
The teacher t whm I spke was very helpful. (我跟他/她说话的那位老师非常有帮助。) [whm = teacher, 在介词 t 后作宾语，不可省略，不可用 wh 替换] (口语常说：The teacher (wh) I spke t was...)
2. which (指物)
主语/宾语: 在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
This is the bk which changed my life. (这就是那本改变了我一生的书。) [which = bk, 在从句中作主语 changed, 不可省略]
The mvie (which) we watched last night was fantastic. (我们昨晚看的那部电影棒极了。) [which = mvie, 在从句中作 watched 的宾语，可省略]
介词后： in which, n which, fr which 等，相当于 where, when, why 等关系副词，但更正式或强调介词。
The huse in which I grew up has been sld. = The huse where I grew up has been sld. (我长大的那所房子已经卖了。)
3. that (指人或物)
主语/宾语: 在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。使用范围广，但有限制 (见下方)。
Peple that live in glass huses shuldn't thrw stnes. (住在玻璃房子里的人不应该扔石头。) [that = peple (人), 在从句中作主语 live]
The car (that) I bught last week brke dwn. (我上周买的那辆车抛锚了。) [that = car (物), 在从句中作 bught 的宾语，可省略]
限制条件 (不能用 that 的情况)：
在非限制性定语从句中 (从句用逗号隔开)：
My brther, wh lives in Lndn, is visiting us. (不能用 that) (我哥哥，他住在伦敦，要来看我们。)
在介词后直接作宾语：
This is the huse in which I was brn. (不能用 in that) (这就是我出生的房子。)
先行词是指人的不定代词 (如 everyne, anyne, smene, n ne, everybdy, anybdy, smebdy, nbdy) 时，更常用 wh：
Anyne wh wants t jin is welcme. (比 Anyne that wants... 更常见) (任何想加入的人都欢迎。)
倾向使用 that 的情况：
先行词既有人又有物：The peple and custms that I saw in Africa were fascinating. (我在非洲看到的人和风俗都很迷人。)
先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰：This is the best mvie that I've ever seen. (这是我看过的最好的电影。)
先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰：The first thing that yu shuld d is call hme. (你应该做的第一件事是给家里打电话。)
先行词是 all, little, much, nne, everything, anything, nthing, smething 等不定代词：Everything that happened was my fault. (发生的一切都是我的错。) Is there anything (that) I can d? (有什么我能做的吗？)
主句是以 wh 或 which 开头的疑问句：Wh is the persn that wn the prize? (获奖的那个人是谁？) Which is the car that hit the tree? (撞上树的是哪辆车？)
4. whse (指人或物，表所属关系)
定语: 在从句中作定语，修饰从句中的某个名词，表示“...的”。不可省略。
That's the man whse car was stlen. (那就是车子被偷了的那个男人。) [whse 修饰 car, whse car = the man's car]
They live in a huse whse windws face suth. (他们住在一所窗户朝南的房子里。) [whse 修饰 windws, whse windws = the huse's windws] (也可说：... a huse the windws f which face suth. 更正式)
5. as (用法特殊)
与 such 或 the same 连用： , the
Such prblems as yu mentined are cmmn. (像你提到的那些问题很常见。) [as = prblems, 在从句中作 mentined 的宾语]
I have the same bk as yu (have). (我有和你一样的书。) [as = bk, 在从句中作 have 的宾语]
指代整个主句： 引导非限制性定语从句，常位于主句前或后。
As is well knwn, smking is harmful t health. (众所周知，吸烟有害健康。) [as 指代后面整个主句 "smking is harmful t health"]
He was late fr wrk, as was usual fr him. (他上班迟到了，这对他来说是常事。) [as 指代前面整个主句 "He was late fr wrk"]
一、定语从句高考真题
2025年高考真题
1.（2025年北京卷）Hwever, accrding t a reprt by the Wrld Wildlife Fund, turists left ver 1.3 billin tns f fd waste last year, ____19____ accunted fr abut 8% f the ttal glbal gas release in 2024.
答案：which。
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billin tns f fd waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。
2024年高考真题
1.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute ________ brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Wdruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
2.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is knwn as “the Shakespeare f Asia,” add an internatinal character t Stratfrd-upn-Avn, William Shakespeare’s hmetwn.
【答案】wh
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way ________ will make them the mst mney.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
二、单句语法填空
1．Happiness is the greatest wealth ne can pursue.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福是一个人可以追求的最大财富。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰指物的先行词wealth，且先行词被形容词最高级the greatest修饰，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，此时只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。故填that。
2．Thse take an active part in sprts are energetic.
【答案】wh
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些积极参加体育运动的人精力充沛。空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Thse是人，因此空格处用wh引导定语从句，故填wh。
3．The building wall is white is ur library.
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：墙是白色的那座建筑是我们的图书馆。空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词building和wall之间是所属关系，因此用表所属的关系代词whse引导定语从句，故填whse。
4．The nly thing we can d nw is t wait.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们现在唯一能做的就是等待。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词thing，指物，在从句中作宾语成分，结合先行词thing被表示唯一性的词nly所修饰，所以只能用that引导。故填that。
5．I believe the reasn Mary gave fr her absence frm schl.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我相信玛丽给出的缺课的理由。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词reasn是原因，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
6．Mr. Liu is the persn yu talked abut n the bus.
【答案】whm/that/wh
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刘先生就是你在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是the persn，指人，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，空处需用关系代词whm/that/wh引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。故填whm/that/wh。
7．Can yu tell me the man yu talked t just nw?
【答案】whm
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能告诉我刚才和你谈话的那个人吗？空格处引导定语从句，对先行词the man进行限定说明，先行词指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词whm。故填whm。
8．This is such an easy questin I can answer.
【答案】as
【详解】句意：这是我能回答的最简单的问题。此处questin作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作宾语，且前面有such，所以这里是as引导的定语从句。
9．The building stands near the river is ur schl.
【答案】which /that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：靠近河边的那栋楼是我们学校。“____ stands near the river”是定语从句。先行词是The building ，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以可用关系代词which 或 that引导该定语从句。故填which /that。
10．The bk I bught yesterday is really useful.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我昨天买的那本书真的很有用。先行词the bk是物，关系词替代先行词在从句I bught yesterday中作宾语，关系代词that和which都可以用来指物并在从句中充当宾语，所以此处用that/which引导。故填that/which。
11．I’ll never frget the time we spent tgether in the cuntryside.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在乡村一起度过的时光。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the time。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。
12．I will always remember the birthday party was held in a beautiful garden.
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将永远记得在一个美丽的花园里举行的生日聚会。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是the birthday party，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
13．D yu knw anyne lifestyle is healthy and active?
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道谁的生活方式是健康和积极的吗？空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyne，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
14．He is always ready t help thse are in need.
【答案】wh
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他总是乐于帮助那些需要帮助的人。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词thse指人，在从句中作主语，且先行词为thse时，关系代词只能使用wh。故填wh。
15．Sme cuntries names I had never heard f befre were shwn n the map.
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：地图上标出了一些我以前从没听说过的国家的名字。空处应为定语从句的关系代词，修饰先行词cuntries ，在定语从句中作定语，关系代词为whse。故填whse。
16．I really didn’t knw anything happened t Jim yesterday.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我真的不知道吉姆昨天发生了什么事。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词anything，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
17．There are sme f the Olympic athletes have brught jy t peple acrss the wrld.
【答案】wh
【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：一些奥运选手给世界各地的人们带来欢乐。句子后半部分是定语从句，句子缺主语，先行词为athletes，指人，用wh指代，故填wh。
18．I’ll never frget the days I spent in the cuntryside.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我在农村度过的日子。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the days，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导从句。故填which。
19．Fr thse are dangerusly verweight, it is very imprtant that they try t lse weight prperly.
【答案】wh
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对于体重严重超标的人来说，适当减肥非常重要。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thse，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用wh引导定语从句，故填wh。
20．The child parents are dead is called Tm.
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：父母去世的那个孩子叫汤姆。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为The child，关系词替代先行词在从句中作parents的定语，用关系代词whse引导从句。故填whse。
三、完成句子
1．She wants t visit the village. Her mther likes it best.
She wants t visit the village . (用定语从句合并)
【答案】that her mther likes best/which her mther likes best/her mther likes best
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她想去参观她母亲最喜欢的那个村庄。第二句中代词it指代第一句中the village，将第二个句子处理为定语从句，先行词the village，指物，在定语从句中作likes宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导，关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语，可省略。故填(that/which) her mther like best。
2．D yu knw the man? The man spke t the headmaster just nw.
→D yu knw the man just nw? (用定语从句合并)
【答案】wh spke t the headmaster/that spke t the headmaster
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你认识刚才和校长说话的那个人吗？根据题目要求，应把第二个句子“The man spke t the headmaster just nw.”改写为定语从句，修饰先行词the man，关系词指代先行词并在从句中作主语，指人，用wh或that引导该从句，根据从句时间状语“just nw”可知，句子描述过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式。故填wh/that spke t the headmaster。
3．He shwed me a pht in his rm. It was a pht f a famus cultural relic in Egypt. (用定语从句合并句子)
→The pht .
【答案】The pht which he shwed me in his rm was f a famus cultural relic in Egypt./The pht that he shwed me in his rm was f a famus cultural relic in Egypt./ The pht he shwed me in his rm was f a famus cultural relic in Egypt.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给我看了他房间里的一张照片。这是一张埃及著名文物的照片。以The pht为先行词，从句为“他在房间里给我看的”，译为he shwed me in his rm，先行词作从句的宾语，表示物，可以用关系代词which/that/不填，主句为The pht was f a famus cultural relic in Egypt，意思为：照片是埃及著名的文物。故填The pht (which/that) he shwed me in his rm was f a famus cultural relic in Egypt.
4．The fish isn’t fresh. We bught the fish yesterday. (改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句)

【答案】The fish we bught yesterday isn’t fresh./The fish that we bught yesterday isn’t fresh./The fish which we bught yesterday isn’t fresh.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这条鱼不新鲜。我们昨天买了鱼。按照要求改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句，将第一句作为主句，第二句改成限制性定语从句，先行词是The fish，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作bught的宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The fish (that/which) we bught yesterday isn’t fresh.。
5．The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it. (用定语从句合并句子)
→
【答案】The tree that he is climbing is quite tall./The tree which he is climbing is quite tall./The tree he is climbing is quite tall.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他正在爬的那棵树相当高。根据题干要求，将前句作为主句，后句改为定语从句，其中后句中宾语“it”指代前句中的主语“The tree”，因此，先行词确定为 “The tree”，在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词that/which引导从句，也可省略关系词，因此定语从句为“(that/which) he is climbing”，置于先行词之后。故答案为：The tree that he is climbing is quite tall./The tree which he is climbing is quite tall./The tree he is climbing is quite tall.
6．用定语从句升级句改写下面句子。
①Mr. Mre is ne f the teachers.
②He impresses me mst.

【答案】Mr. Mre is ne f the teachers wh impresses me mst.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：摩尔先生是给我印象最深的老师之一。句子②可改写为一个定语从句，先行词是Mr. Mre，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填Mr. Mre is ne f the teachers wh impresses me mst.
7．The wman is ur gegraphy teacher. Yu saw her in the park. (用定语从句合并)
→ is ur gegraphy teacher.
【答案】The wman (wh/whm/that) yu saw in the park
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你在公园里看到的女人是我们的地理老师。分析原句可知，第二句中的her指代第一句中的The wman，所以The wman应为定语从句的先行词，同时作为主句的主语，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词that/wh/whm，关系代词作宾语可以省略，所以定语从句为The wman (wh/whm/that) yu saw in the park，主句为The wman is ur gegraphy teacher，故答案为The wman (wh/whm/that) yu saw in the park。
8．I came acrss an attractive car n the street. Its shape is smart.
→I came acrss an attractive car n the street . (用定语从句合并)
【答案】the shape f which is smart/whse shape is smart
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在街上遇到一辆外形很漂亮的汽车。分析两个简单句，两句中共有的词为car，所以先行词为car，第二句子中的its指的是car’s，修饰名词shape，先行词与shape为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whse引导定语从句代替its，或者是转换为the shape f which，其中which指代的是先行词作宾语，其它内容不变。故填the shape f which/whse shape is smart。
9．The city is near the sea. The city is very beautiful.
→The city .(用定语从句合并)
【答案】which/that is near the sea is very beautiful
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：靠近大海的这个城市很漂亮。使用定语从句将两个句子进行合并，先行词为the city，定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which，定语从句which/that is near the sea对先行词the city进行修饰，故答案为which/that is near the sea is very beautiful。
10．The man has left fr New Yrk. Yu brrwed the camera frm him. (改写定语从句)

【答案】The man frm whm yu brrwed the camera has left fr New Yrk. /The man whm yu brrwed the camera frm has left fr New Yrk.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你向他借照相机的那个人已经去纽约了。根据原句，可以用后面的句子作定语从句修饰The man，也就是him，是frm的宾语，所以用关系代词whm指代先行词在从句中作宾语，也可以把介词frm提到whm前，构成介词+关系代词的定语从句，故填The man frm whm yu brrwed the camera has left fr New Yrk. /The man whm yu brrwed the camera frm has left fr New Yrk.
题型一 语法填空
（24-25高一上·宁夏吴忠·期末）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
A terrible earthquake hit the city f Tangshan 1 July 28, 1976, in which thusands f peple died and many injured. Peple were greatly 2 (shck) because nearly all the buildings 3 (fall) dwn and the whle city lay in 4 (ruin). All the electricity was cut ff and peple began t wnder hw lng the disaster wuld last. It seemed as 5 the wrld were cming t an end.
The peple f Tangshan didn’t lse hpe because 150,000 sldiers were sent t Tangshan. The sldiers tried their best 6 (dig) ut thse wh were trapped. They als built shelters fr the 7 (survive). Water and fd were taken t the city by every means. 8 (slw), the city began t cme back t life.
It was said that befre the earthquake, strange things happened in the cuntryside. The water in the village wells 9 (rise) and fell. Fish jumped ut f the pnds. Strange nises 10 (hear) in the sky, but peple thught little f them.
【答案】
1．n 2．shcked 3．fell 4．ruins 5．if/thugh 6．t dig 7．survivrs 8．Slwly 9．rse 10．were heard
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1976年唐山大地震的情况，包括地震造成的破坏、救援行动以及地震前的一些奇怪现象。
1．考查介词。句意：1976年7月28日，一场可怕的地震袭击了唐山市，造成数千人死亡，许多人受伤。表示具体某一天，其前需用介词n。故填n。
2．考查形容词。句意：人们非常震惊，因为几乎所有的建筑都倒塌了，整个城市成了一片废墟。be动词后需接形容词作表语，说明人的心理状态的-ed形容词shcked意为“感到震惊的”，说明主语Peple的心理状态情况。故填shcked。
3．考查动词时态。句意：人们非常震惊，因为几乎所有的建筑都倒塌了，整个城市成了一片废墟。空处作谓语，根据were可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填fell。
4．考查名词。句意：人们非常震惊，因为几乎所有的建筑都倒塌了，整个城市成了一片废墟。in ruins为固定短语，意为“成为废墟”。故填ruins。
5．考查固定短语。句意：似乎世界末日就要到了。as if/thugh意为“似乎，好像”，是固定短语，引导方式状语从句。故填if/thugh。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：士兵们尽力挖出那些被困的人。try ne’s best t d sth.为固定短语，意为“尽力做某事”。故填t dig。
7．考查名词。句意：他们还为幸存者建造了避难所。空处作介词fr的宾语，需填名词survivr，意为“幸存者”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，不止一个，需用复数形式。故填survivrs。
8．考查副词。句意：慢慢地，这座城市开始恢复生机。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词slwly，意为“慢慢地”，作状语，首字母大写。故填Slwly。
9．考查动词时态。句意：村子里的井水涨落。空处与谓语fell并列，作谓语，描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填rse。
10．考查动词时态和语态。句意：天空中传来奇怪的声音，但人们并没有太在意。空处缺少谓语，根据“thught”可知，描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，主语nises和hear之间为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were heard。
（22-23高一上·四川泸州·阶段练习）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (只需1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ben culd hear strng winds utside his hme in Alabama. Black cluds were making the sky very dark. 1 n light utside, it felt like midnight. The news n TV 2 (reprt) that a heavy rain was in the area.
Everyne in the neighbr was busy. Ben’s dad was putting 3 (piece) f wd ver the windws 4 his mm was making sure that the flashlight and radi were wrking. She als put sme candles and matches n the table.
Ben was helping his mm make dinner when the rain began t beat 5 (heavy) against the windws. After dinner, they tried 6 (play) a card game, but it was hard t have fun with a serius strm happening utside.
Ben culdn’t sleep at 7 (ne). He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying dwn at arund 3:00 a.m. When he wke up, the sun rse. He went utside with his family and fund the neighbrhd in 8 mess. Fallen trees, brken windws and rubbish 9 (be) everywhere. They jin the neighbrs t help clean up the neighbrhd tgether. Althugh the strm brke many things apart, it brught families and neighbrs 10 (clse) tgether.
【答案】
1．With 2．reprted 3．pieces 4．while 5．heavily 6．t play 7．first 8．a 9．were 10．clser
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ben所在地区遭遇暴风雨的前后经过，包括暴风雨来临前人们的准备、暴风雨来临时的情景以及暴风雨过后的景象和人们的行动。
1．考查介词。句意：因为外面没有灯光，感觉像是午夜。根据句意，表示“由于，因为”，用介词with构成介词短语作原因状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填With。
2．考查时态。句意：电视上的新闻报道说该地区正在下大雨。reprt(报道)是谓语动词，与主语The news之间是主动关系，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态。故填reprted。
3．考查名词复数。句意：Ben的爸爸正在窗户上钉木板，与此同时他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机都能用。可数名词piece作宾语，结合语境和空后“wd ver the windws”可知，覆盖窗户的木板不止一片，应用其复数形式。故填pieces。
4．考查连词。句意：Ben的爸爸正在窗户上钉木板，与此同时他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机都能用。空格前后是两个分句，结合句意可知，两个分句之间是并列关系，表示“Ben的爸爸在做……，同时他的妈妈在做……”，用连词while连接两个句子，表示“与……同时”。故填while。
5．考查副词。句意：当雨开始猛烈地打在窗户上时，Ben正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。提示词修饰动词beat，用副词heavily作状语，意为“猛烈地”。故填heavily。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：晚饭后，他们试着玩纸牌游戏，但外面正下着暴风雨，很难玩得开心。try t d sth.是固定短语，意为“试图做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语。故填t play。
7．考查序数词。句意：Ben一开始睡不着。at first是固定短语，意为“起初，一开始”。故填first。
8．考查冠词。句意：他和家人走到外面，发现邻居家一片狼藉。in a mess是固定短语，意为“乱七八糟，一片狼藉”。故填a。
9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：倒下的树、破碎的窗户和垃圾随处可见。系动词be作谓语，结合语境可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，主语Fallen trees, brken windws and rubbish是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。
10．考查比较级。句意：虽然暴风雨使许多东西分裂，但它使家庭和邻居更加紧密地团结在一起。结合语境和空后tgether可知，句中暗含比较级含义，表示“更紧密地团结在一起”，所以应用副词clse的比较级clser。故填clser。
题型二 阅读理解
（23-24高一上·广东江门·期中）An earthquake is ne f the mst cmmn natural disasters. It may cause great damage. S it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members.
Fragile items, like thse made f glass shuld usually be placed n a lwer surface, near the grund instead f placing them n cupbards higher up. Never place them near yur bed, sfas and ther furniture where yu wuld be sitting r lying dwn. When there is a strng mvement, these pieces will fall n the flr directly and nt n yu.
There is a strng chance f shrt circuits (短路) and fire breakuts during an earthquake. Make sure yu turn ff electrical cnnectins and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an bject that is nt easily damaged. D nt g near bjects that culd directly fall n yu. Never use the elevatr t g dwn. Stay inside until the shaking stps and it is safe t g utside. Research has shwn that mst injures happen when peple inside buildings try t g ut. Use the staircases at all times.
If yu are utdrs, d nt take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric ples r tall buildings. If yu are driving, stp yur car and stay in a safe place. D nt park yur car under a tree r any tall bject.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cver yur muth with a handkerchief r clthing. Tap n a pipe r wall s rescuers can find yu. Use a whistle if it is available. Never shut fr help. Shuting can cause yu t breathe in dangerus amunts f dust. D nt light a match because yu may burn yurself. D nt mve abut r kick up dust.
1．What des the underlined wrd “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Easily brken.B．Easily fund.
C．Expensive.D．Heavy.
2．Where shuld items made f glass be put t reduce the injury frm the earthquake?
A．On cupbards.B．In the bedrm.
C．On a lwer surface.D．Places where children can’t reach them.
3．What are peple advised t d during an earthquake?
A．T g ut f the building at nce.B．T turn ff pwer and gas immediately.
C．T take shelter under a tree.D．T drive t a safe place.
4．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce the damage caused by earthquakes.
B．T intrduce the rescue wrk after earthquakes.
C．T intrduce what t d during earthquakes.
D．T intrduce hw t prevent earthquakes.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在地震发生时，应该采取什么样的安全措施。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Fragileitems, like thse made f glass shuld usually be placed n a lwer surface, near the grund instead f placing them n cupbards higher up. When there is a strng mvement, these pieces will fall n the flr directly and nt n yu. (Fragile物品，像玻璃制品这样的物品通常应该放在靠近地面的较低位置，而不是放在较高的橱柜上。当有强烈震动时，这些东西会直接掉到地板上，而不是砸到你身上)”可知，玻璃制品这类物品是易碎的，由于like后是对fragile items的举例说明，由此推知 Fragile的意思是“易碎的”。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fragile items, like thse made f glass shuld usually be placed n a lwer surface, near the grund instead f placing them n cupbards higher up. (易碎物品，如玻璃制品，通常应该放在靠近地面的较低位置，而不是放在较高的橱柜上)”可知，玻璃制品应该放在较低位置以减少地震造成的伤害。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Make sure yu turn ff electrical cnnectins and gas immediately when an earthquake happens. (地震发生时，一定要立即切断电源和煤气)”可知，地震发生时，人们应该首先切断电源和煤气。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“S it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members. (因此，学习一些简单的安全提示来保护自己或家人是明智的)”以及后文介绍的地震时的具体做法可知，本文的主要目的是介绍地震时应采取的一些安全措施。故选C项。
（24-25高一上·吉林延边·期末）Typhns and hurricanes are the same weather phenmenn: trpical cyclnes (热带气旋). Hwever, they g by different names depending n where they ccur.
Typhns develp in the nrthwestern part f the Pacific Ocean. They mst cmmnly ccur frm late June t December. Develped in the Nrth Atlantic and Nrtheast Pacific Oceans, they are called hurricanes, which mst cmmnly ccur between June and Nvember.
When winds blw int warm seawater, a lt f warm, mist air evaprates (蒸发) and rises rapidly, while clder air mves in belw. This creates pressure, causing the winds t mve very quickly. The mre warm air and misture there is, the mre intense (猛烈的) the winds. When the winds mve faster than 119 kilmeters per hur, a typhn is frmed. If a typhn hits 241 kilmeters per hur, then it becmes a super typhn, accrding t Natinal Gegraphic magazine.
The center f a typhn is called the “eye”. This is right in the middle f a typhn and is peaceful. In the “eye”, the wind des nt mve s fast. Arund the “eye” is the wall f cluds. This is where the strngest winds and hardest rains are fund. The rain bands are the uter part f a typhn that spins with it. It can be fund as far as a few hundred kilmeters frm the “eye”.
Typhns d bring water t peple, but they als can be very dangerus. They blw away huses and cars, and even kill peple. Fr example, trpical strm Megi hit the Philippines in April, 2022. Mre than 220 peple died frm landslides and flding caused by the typhn, Xinhua reprted.
China is als ne f the cuntries mst affected by typhns. The peak time fr typhns’ landing is frm July t September, accrding t China Meterlgical Administratin. On average, China’s castal residents face 10 typhn landings each year, CGTN reprted.
1．What d the first tw paragraphs mainly talk abut typhns and hurricanes?
A．When they ccur.B．The damage they cause.
C．Where they develp.D．The differences between them.
2．What can we learn frm Paragraph 3?
A．The effect f pressure.B．The frmatin f a typhn.
C．The cause f intense winds.D．The evapratin f warm seawater.
3．What can happen in the “eye” f a typhn?
A．It stays calm.B．It rains heavily.C．The rain bands spin.D．The wind mves fastest.
4．What des the writer say abut typhns?
A．Typhns nly affect China.
B．Typhns just bring prfits t peple.
C．Typhns smetimes can be deadly disasters.
D．Typhn can be prevented if we make full preparatins.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了台风的形成以及造成的危害。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Typhns and hurricanes are the same weather phenmenn: trpical cyclnes (热带气旋). Hwever, they g by different names depending n where they ccur.(台风和飓风是同一种天气现象：热带气旋。然而，它们有不同的名称，这取决于它们发生的地方)”和第二段“Typhns develp in the nrthwestern part f the Pacific Ocean. They mst cmmnly ccur frm late June t December. Develped in the Nrth Atlantic and Nrtheast Pacific Oceans, they are called hurricanes, which mst cmmnly ccur between June and Nvember.(台风在太平洋西北部形成。它们最常发生在6月下旬至12月。形成于北大西洋和东北太平洋，被称为飓风，通常发生在6月至11月之间)”可知，前两段主要介绍台风和飓风本质相同，但名称不同取决于发生区域（台风在西北太平洋，飓风在北大西洋和东北太平洋），并提到时间差异。因此，主要讨论两者的差异，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“When winds blw int warm seawater, a lt f warm, mist air evaprates (蒸发) and rises rapidly, while clder air mves in belw. This creates pressure, causing the winds t mve very quickly. The mre warm air and misture there is, the mre intense (猛烈的) the winds. When the winds mve faster than 119 kilmeters per hur, a typhn is frmed.(当风吹进温暖的海水时，大量温暖潮湿的空气蒸发并迅速上升，而冷空气则在下面移动。这就产生了压力，导致风移动得非常快。温暖的空气和湿气越多，风就越猛烈。当风速超过每小时119公里时，就形成了台风)”可知，我们可以从第三段了解台风是如何形成的，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The center f a typhn is called the “eye”. This is right in the middle f a typhn and is peaceful. In the “eye”, the wind des nt mve s fast.(台风的中心称为“风眼”。这是在台风中心，是和平的。在“风眼”中，风的移动速度没有那么快)”可知，在“风眼”中相对平静，故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Typhns d bring water t peple, but they als can be very dangerus. They blw away huses and cars, and even kill peple.(台风确实给人们带来了水，但它们也可能非常危险。它们吹走房屋和汽车，甚至杀死人)”可知，台风有时是致命的灾难，故选C。
关系代词
指代对象
在从句中充当成分
备注
wh
人
主语、宾语
作宾语时，在非正式英语中可用 whm 替代（尤其介词后）
whm
人
宾语
更正式，尤其用于介词后 (t whm, with whm)；口语中常被 wh 或省略替代
which
物、动物、事件、抽象概念
主语、宾语
不能指代人
that
人或物
主语、宾语
使用范围最广，但某些情况下不可用 (见下方限制)
whse
人或物
定语
表示 “...的”，后面必须接名词 (whse + nun)
as
人、物、整个句子
主语、宾语
用法特殊，常用于 , the , 结构或指代整个主句