2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考通用)专题04阅读理解主旨大意题(学生版+解析)

这是一份2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考通用)专题04阅读理解主旨大意题(学生版+解析)，文件包含2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用专题04阅读理解主旨大意题教师版docx、2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用专题04阅读理解主旨大意题学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 文章大意题3
\l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 段落大意题5
\l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 标题归纳题7
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场9
题型简介
主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章中心思想或段落大意的归纳、概括和总结能力。它要求考生能够理解文章的整体结构和主要内容，把握作者的写作意图。
这种题型在高考英语阅读中占有重要地位，因为它能体现考生对文章全局的把握，是一种高层次的阅读理解能力考查。一般来说，每篇阅读理解文章都会涉及至少一道主旨大意题，或者与主旨相关的题目，如最佳标题题等。主旨大意题的设问方式多样，位置通常在文章后的题目开头或结尾部分，但也可能出现在中间位置。
命题类型
文章主旨题：这类题目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如，“What's the main idea f the passage?” 或者 “The passage is mainly abut...”。 答案选项通常是对文章核心内容的综合表述，涵盖了文章多个段落的要点信息。
段落主旨题：主要针对文章中的某一个段落，考查考生对该段落中心内容的理解。如 “What's the main pint f the third paragraph?”。答案往往是该段落主题句的同义替换或者对段落细节信息的概括。
最佳标题题：要求考生从选项中选择一个最适合文章的标题。像 “Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?”。标题要能够准确地反映文章的主题，并且具有吸引力，同时还要简洁明了，避免范围过大或过小。
解题思路
寻找主题句法
位置判断：主题句在文章中的位置通常有一定规律。大部分情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头部分，开门见山地阐述文章主旨；有些文章主题句在结尾，起到总结全文的作用；还有少数文章主题句在中间，需要结合上下文来判断。
特点把握：主题句一般具有概括性强、涵盖范围广的特点，能够准确地表达文章或者段落的核心内容。例如，在一篇讲述环境保护措施的文章中，开头的主题句可能是 “Varius effective measures have been taken t prtect the envirnment in recent years.”。
归纳法
细节整合：如果文章没有明显的主题句，就需要对文章的细节信息进行归纳总结。把各个段落的主要内容提炼出来，寻找它们的共同点或者关联点，从而概括出文章的主旨。
注意事项：在归纳过程中，要避免遗漏重要信息，同时也要排除那些只涉及部分内容的选项。比如，一篇文章分别介绍了科技对教育、医疗和交通的积极影响，归纳主旨时就要涵盖这三个方面，不能只强调其中一个领域。
关注关键词法
高频词识别：注意文章中反复出现的关键词。这些关键词往往与文章的主题密切相关。例如，一篇文章多次出现 “AI（人工智能）”“machine learning（机器学习）”“big data（大数据）” 等词汇，那么文章主旨很可能是关于人工智能技术及其相关应用的。
同义替换词注意：同时还要留意与这些关键词意思相近的表达，它们也有助于确定文章主旨。比如，除了 “AI” 之外，还出现了 “artificial intelligence technlgy” 等表达。
命题方式
【常见考法】主旨大意题经常使用的提问方式有：
1) What is the text mainly abut?
2) What is the best title fr the text?
3) What can be a suitable title fr the text?
4) What's the mainly abut?
5) What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/third/.. paragraph?
题型01 段落大意题

一、常见设问方式
 What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
 The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.
 The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
 Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
 What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。
3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
归纳段落大意的2种方法：
方法一、概括段落大意：(1)总分——主题句就在段首；(2)分总——主题句就在段尾；(3)分总分——主题句在段中；(4)总分总——主题句在段首/段尾；(5)并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，段落大意涉及两个平行的内容；(6)对比各事物的文章，段落大意是两个事物的共同点或不同点。
方法二、揣摩段落大意：作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者。
(山东师范大学附属中学2024~2025学年高三12月月考英语试题)
Peple usually wash their prduce befre eating t remve residue (残留物) frm pesticides. But are yur fruits and vegetables really clean enugh t eat? Nw14-year-ld Sirish Subash frm Gergia has wn the 2024 3M Yung Screentest Challenge fr inventing an AI-based handheld pesticide detectr that is very accurate in detecting pesticide residue.
Nw in its 17th year, the cmpetitin supprts middle schl students t think creatively and apply STEM principles t discver real wrld-slutins. When the finalists are chsen, they are paired with a 3M scientist wh mentrs them ver the summer t help take their ideas frm just cncepts t mdels.
Sirish’s jurney t winning the award came frm watching his mther washing vegetables and fruits and cautining him always d s. He wndered whether washing actually made a difference. Since pesticide residues are linked t illnesses like cancer and Alzheimers’s, it’s very imprtant t knw if the fruits and vegetables are safe. That’s hw PestiSCAND is designed.
The device wrks by shining light n the surface f the prduce and measuring the. wavelengths that bunce back. PestiSCAND uses a sensr and AI-based prcessr t achieve an accuracy f ver 85 percent. Sirish tested the device n mre than12,000 fd samples including strawberries, apples, and tmates.
Sirish aims n making this technlgy widely accessible s that cnsumers will be able t make safe fd chices. But he still believes yu shuld wash yur prduce anyway. He plans t use the $25,000 prize frm the cmpetitin t help fund his educatinal gal f attending. MIT.
“This year’s Yung Scientist Challenge finalists have demnstrated an incredible ability t develp creative slutins t sme f the wrld’s mst pressing challenges,” Trie Clarke, EVP and chief public affairs fficer at 3M, said in the press release. “I am beynd impressed and inspired by their intelligence and their scientific minds.”
6. What des paragraph 4 mainly fcus n?
A. The design prcess.B. The wide applicatin.
C. The wrking principle.D. The theretical fundatin.
【答案】6. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了来自乔治亚州的14岁的Sirish Subash发明了一种基于人工智能的手持式农药检测器，在检测农药残留方面非常准确，赢得了2024年3M青年筛检挑战赛。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The device wrks by shining light n the surface f the prduce and measuring the. wavelengths that bunce back. PestiSCAND uses a sensr and AI-based prcessr t achieve an accuracy f ver 85 percent. Sirish tested the device n mre than12,000 fd samples including strawberries, apples, and tmates.(该装置的工作原理是将光照射在农产品表面并测量其质量。反射回来的波长。PestiSCAND使用传感器和基于人工智能的处理器来实现超过85%的精度。Sirish对包括草莓、苹果和西红柿在内的12000多种食物样本进行了测试)”可知，第4段的重点是工作原理。故选C。
题型02 文章大意题

一、提问方式
 What’s the main idea/pint f the passage?
 The passage is mainly abut ________.
 The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
 Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
 Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
 In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
 The subject discussed in this text is ________.
 The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
二、主旨大意归纳法：
1.略读法：读文章标题；读首尾段落；读段落首尾句；留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。
2.文体法：新闻报道、议论文和说明文--主题句在首段；记叙文、议论文--主题句一般在尾段。
3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。
4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。
✱找主题句的技巧：
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等词，通常是主旨。
各段落的主旨→整篇文章的主旨：
情况一：找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
情况二：有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，需要进一步加工概括。
(安徽省卓越联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试题)
Ggle is cnsidering charging fr artificial intelligence (AI)-pwered search in what wuld be the biggest change f its business mdel since it was funded. The large search cmpany, which is wned by Alphabet, has never befre put any f its key prducts behind a paywall. Hwever, bsses are cnsidering charging fr new advanced search features pwered by AI.
The cmpany is dealing with hw t make use f the AI technlgy withut threatening its advertising-funded business mdel. There are fears that the inventin f AI chatbts (聊天机器人) will weaken search engines such as Ggle by allwing peple t ask fr the infrmatin they require rather than searching fr it. This wuld rb (掠夺) Ggle f the valuable data it cllects frm users.
Its leaders are nw reprtedly weighing up whether t put AI-pwered search features behind a paywall in a way that wuld allw it t take advantage f the new technlgy withut cmpeting with its cre search engine. Alphabet is lking at putting AI-pwered search int its advanced subscriptin services.
Engineers are reprtedly develping the functinality needed fr the changes but the leaders have nt made a decisin n whether r when t begin the plan. Under the plans being cnsidered, Ggle’s search engine wuld remain free. A spkesman f Alphabet said: “We’re nt wrking n r cnsidering an ad-free search experience. We’ll g n building new capabilities and services t enhance ur subscriptin fferings acrss Ggle.” The spkesman added: “Fr years, we’ve been reinventing Search t help peple access infrmatin in the way that’s mst natural t them. With ur generative AI experiments in Search, we’ve already served billins f queries (询问). We will keep rapidly imprving the prduct t serve new user needs.”
Last year, Ggle’s incme frm search and advertising made up mre than half f its ttal sales. The cmpany was caught flat-fted by the huge success f ChatGPT, which has been backed by its cmpetitr Micrsft. Ggle launched its wn AI chatbt, Gemini, in respnse but the technlgy received a lt f cmplaints fr placing stress n diversity and harmless answers instead f accuracy. Later Ggle stpped the tl’s ability t draw pictures and aplgized.
11. What is mainly talked abut in the text?
A. The cmpetitin amng technlgy cmpanies.
B. Ggle’s new search engine.
C. The imprtance f AI technlgy.
D. A change in Ggle’s business mdel.
【答案】 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述了谷歌考虑对其AI搜索功能收费以适应AI发展的商业策略变化。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Ggle is cnsidering charging fr artificial intelligence (AI)-pwered search in what wuld be the biggest change f its business mdel since it was funded. (谷歌正在考虑对人工智能（AI）搜索收费，这将是该公司成立以来对其商业模式的最大改变)”并结合文章主要介绍了谷歌考虑对人工智能驱动的搜索收费，以及这一变化可能对其商业模式的影响，故本文主要是关于谷歌商业模式的改变，D选项“谷歌商业模式的改变”符合题意。故选D。
题型03 标题归纳题

一、提问方式
 The best title f the passage is ________.
 Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
 What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
 The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
二、文章标题四大特性：
1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。
(一)理解标题的三大特点：1. 概括性——准确而又简短；2. 针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3. 醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
(二)确定文章标题：1. 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，看哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2. 反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3. 研读、比较四个选项：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。
(2024-2025学年高三上学期湖北省市级示范高中智学联盟12月月考英语试题)
Cutting back n animal prtein in ur diets can save n resurces and greenhuse gas emissins. But cnvincing meat-lving cnsumers t switch up their menu is a challenge. Lking at this prblem frm a mechanical engineering angle, Stanfrd engineers are pineering a new apprach t fd texture (n.质地，纹理) testing that culd pave the way fr artificial steaks that fl even cmmitted meat lvers.
In a new paper in Science f Fd, the team demnstrated that a cmbinatin f mechanical testing and machine learning can describe fd texture with striking similarity t human taste testers. Such a methd culd speed up the develpment f better plant-based meats. The team als fund that sme plant-based prducts are already presenting the texture f the meats they’re imitating.
“We were’ surprised t find that tday’s plant-based prducts can reprduce the whle texture f animal meats,” said Ellen Kuhl, prfessr f mechanical engineering and senir authr f the study. Meat substitutes have cme a lng way frm when tfu was the nly ptin, she added.
Industrial animal agriculture cntributes t climate change, pllutin, habitat lss, and s n. That burden n the planet can be eased by exchanging animal prteins fr plant prteins in diets. One study estimated that plant-based meats, n average, have half the envirnmental impact as animal meat. But many meat eaters are reluctant t change; nly abut a third f Americans in ne survey indicated they were “very likely” t buy plant-based alternatives.
“Peple lve meat,” said Skyler St. Pierre, a PhD student in mechanical engineering and lead authr f the paper. “If we want t cnvince the meat eaters that alternatives are wrth trying, the clser we can imitate animal meat with plant-based prducts, the mre likely peple might be pen t trying smething new.”
T successfully imitate animal meat, fd scientists analyze the texture f plant-based meat prducts. Unfrtunately, traditinal fd testing methds are nt standardized and the results are rarely made available t science and t the public, said St. Pierre. This makes it harder fr scientists t create new recipes fr alternatives.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the article?
A. Fd Testing: A Key t Meat Revlutin.
B. Plant r Meat? That’ s a questin.
C. New Tech in Our Daily Fd.
D. Plant-based meat: The New Fashin n the Table.
【答案】35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学工程师从机械工程角度出发，采用机械测试与机器学习相结合的新方法进行食品质地测试，旨在开发出能媲美真肉质地的人造牛排，以推动植物基肉类的发展，缓解因畜牧业对环境造成的压力，同时提及该研究的背景、新方法的优势、面临的挑战及意义等内容。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“In a new paper in Science f Fd, the team demnstrated that a cmbinatin f mechanical testing and machine learning can describe fd texture with striking similarity t human taste testers. Such a methd culd speed up the develpment f better plant-based meats. The team als fund that sme plant-based prducts are already presenting the texture f the meats they’re imitating.(在《食品科学》的一篇新论文中，该团队证明，机械测试和机器学习的结合可以描述与人类味觉测试仪惊人相似的食物质地。这种方法可以加快更好的植物性肉类的开发。该团队还发现，一些植物性产品已经呈现出他们模仿的肉类的质地)”以及文章内容可知，文章核心围绕斯坦福大学开发的新食品质地测试方法展开，该方法对植物基肉类发展意义重大，可能引发肉类领域的变革，所以“食品检测：肉类革命的关键”适合作文章标题。故选A项。
题型01 段落大意题
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷B篇)
B
“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (兽医) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine – cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
26. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment.
B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.
C. Examples f rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
【答案】26. D
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用
于动物，并取得了初步成效。
26. 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。
题型02 文章大意题
(2024年新课标高考英语II卷C篇)
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】 11. A
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
题型03 标题归纳题
(2024年全国高考英语甲卷B篇)
Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【答案】 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。
A
（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）I first saw the earth — the whle earth frm the shuttle Challenger in 1984. The view takes yur breath away and fills yu with childlike wnder. That’s why every shuttle crew has t clean nse prints ff their space raft’s windws several times a day.
An incredibly beautiful tapestry (织锦) f blue and white, tan, black and green seems t glide beneath yu at an elegant, stately pace. But yu are actually ging s fast that the entire map f the wrld spins befre yur eyes with each 90-minute rbit. After just ne r tw laps, yu feel, maybe fr the first time like a citizen f a planet. All the clrs and patterns yu see — the visible evidence f the cmplex wrking f the natural systems that make ur planet habitable — seem bth vast and precise, pwerful and yet smehw fragile.
Yu see vlcanes spewing smke, hurricanes riling the ceans and even fine tendrils’ f Saharan dust reaching acrss the Atlantic.
Yu als see the big, gray smudges f fields, paddies and pastures, and at night yu marvel at the lights, like brilliant diamnds, that reveal a msaic f cities, rads and castlines — impressive signs f the hand f humanity. Scientists tell us that ur hand is heavy, that we are wiping ut f ther species at an unprecedented rate and prbably transfrming ur climate.
Will the immense pwer f glbal systems withstand the impact f humanity? Or is it pssible that ur cllective actins will change the nature f ur planet enugh t cripple its ability t supprt life?
I n lnger believe that we can wait fr all the scientific data needed t answer these questins cnclusively. We must recgnize immediately what it means t be citizens f this planet.
It means accepting the bligatin t be the stewards f the earth’s life-giving capacities. As hmewners, we wuldn’t neglect r damage ur huses until they weren’t fit t live in. Why wuld we d that with ur planet?
1．What des the writer want t express in Paragraph 1?
A．They are awed by the view f the earth.B．They are hmesick in the space shuttle.
C．They feel scared flying in the uter-space.D．They feel excited t explre the universe.
2．What’s the main functin f Paragraph 3?
A．Prviding data fr the writer’s argument.B．Summarizing the main idea f the text.
C．Setting the stage fr further discussin.D．Intrducing different ideas n human impact.
3．Accrding t the last paragraph, which f the fllwing statement des the writer agree with?
A．It’s nt clear what humans can d t nature
B．We must act nw t take care f nature befre it’s t late
C．Human beings are nt the nly creature f the earth
D．The earth is strng enugh t supprt mre lives.
4．What is the best title f the text?
A．A Glimpse f HmeB．Ging Green with Our Earth
C．Flying t the FutureD．My Experience as an Astrnaut
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者从太空中看到地球的美景和对地球的思考。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“I first saw the earth — the whle earth frm the shuttle Challenger in 1984. The view takes yur breath away and fills yu with childlike wnder. That’s why every shuttle crew has t clean nse prints ff their space raft’s windws several times a day.(我第一次看到地球——整个地球，是从1984年的挑战者号航天飞机上。这景色会让你屏住呼吸，让你充满孩子般的惊奇。这就是为什么每个航天飞机机组人员每天都要清理几次他们的飞船窗户上的鼻印。)”可知，作者第一次从航天飞机上看到地球的全貌时，被地球的美景震撼，充满了童真的惊奇。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Yu see vlcanes spewing smke, hurricanes riling the ceans and even fine tendrils’ f Saharan dust reaching acrss the Atlantic.(你会看到火山喷出烟雾，飓风在海洋中肆虐，甚至撒哈拉沙漠的尘埃细沙也横跨大西洋。)”可知，第三段描述了地球上发生的灾难，为后续讨论人类应如何保护地球做铺垫。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It means accepting the bligatin t be the stewards f the earth’s life-giving capacities. As hmewners, we wuldn’t neglect r damage ur huses until they weren’t fit t live in. Why wuld we d that with ur planet?(它意味着接受成为地球赋予生命的能力的管理者的义务。作为房主，我们不会忽视或损坏我们的房子，直到它们不适合居住。我们为什么要这样对待我们的星球呢？)”可知，作者认为我们要立即认识到作为地球公民的责任，在为时已晚之前保护好我们的星球并保护好自然。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“I first saw the earth — the whle earth frm the shuttle Challenger in 1984. The view takes yur breath away and fills yu with childlike wnder. That’s why every shuttle crew has t clean nse prints ff their space raft’s windws several times a day. (我第一次看到地球——整个地球，是从1984年的挑战者号航天飞机上。这景色会让你屏住呼吸，让你充满孩子般的惊奇。这就是为什么每个航天飞机机组人员每天都要清理几次他们的飞船窗户上的鼻印。)”可知，文章主要描述了作者从太空中看到地球的美景和对地球的思考，最好的标题是选项A“A Glimpse f Hme (家园一瞥)”。故选A。
B
（24-25高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）If a stranger ffered yu a free ckie, yu might well eat it. But what if they ffered t als give yu $2? Yu might plitely decline and walk away thinking, “Smething smells fishy.” In a study published in Persnality and Scial Psychlgy Bulletin, researchers fund that peple tend t turn dwn ffers f “free mney” (as well as unusually high salaries r suspiciusly cheap services) because they seem “t gd t be true”. The research bridges ecnmics and psychlgy t explain why financial attractin can backfire.
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent f participants ate a ckie ffered freely, cmpared with abut 20 percent f thse ffered $2 as well. “Peple typically imagine things like that smene did smething disgusting t the ckie,” says study lead authr Andrew J. Vnasch, a psychlgical scientist at University f Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments, invlving mre than 4,000 participants, used nline questinnaires t present ther cases. These included being ffered mney t accept a ride hme, incredibly high cnstructin-jb wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshld (门槛), higher financial prfit reduced participants’ ptential f accepting the ffer.
If smene seems t g against accepted nrms such as self-interest withut explanatin, we assume they have hidden mtives and infer there will be “phantm csts”: imagined cnsequences that reduce what Vnasch calls an ffer’s “psychlgical value”.
Factrs beynd the present mment may cme int play. “Understanding that thers’ perceived ver genersity may put us in their debt culd als help explain peple’s reluctance,” says Rachel McCly, a psychlgist studying decisin-making at England’s University f Reading. “The ld saying ‘there’s n such thing as a free lunch’ is clearly alive and well.”
Anther experiment fund that high scrers n measures f distrust inferred mre phantm csts. The researchers als shwed hw t alleviate the effect: simply prvide a reasn fr the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a cnditin where the seats were revealed t be very uncmfrtable. “Uncmfrtable seats aren’t typically a selling pint,” Vnasch says. “But telling peple the seats were uncmfrtable made them mre willing t take them because it was sufficient explanatin.”
5．What des the underlined wrd “backfire” in Para. 1 mean?
A．Result in an ppsite effect.
B．Bst the success f an ffer.
C．Increase the appeal f a prpsal.
D．Cause a psitive utcme unexpectedly.
6．Why is the qute “there’s n such thing as a free lunch” mentined by the authr?
A．T prve the phantm csts.
B．T prmte genersity in sciety.
C．T dubt hidden csts f generus ffers.
D．T remind peple t be cautius f free items.
7．What helps make the “cheap flights” mre acceptable accrding t the experiment?
A．Offering mre flight credits.
B．Discunting the price further.
C．Prviding additinal unrelated gifts.
D．Giving a seemingly reasnable explanatin.
8．Which culd be the best title fr the text?
A．Why Peple Embrace High-Value Offers
B．Why Peple Reject Free Mney and Offers
C．Why Sme Deals Seem T Gd t Be True
D．Hw Offers f Mney Increase Acceptance Rates
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人们为何倾向于拒绝看似“好得令人难以置信”的免费或高价值提议，一项研究结合心理学和经济学，解释了这种心理现象，表明原因在于人们认为这些提议可能隐藏着未知的成本或风险。
5．词句猜测题。画线词的上文“In a study published in Persnality and Scial Psychlgy Bulletin, researchers fund that peple tend t turn dwn ffers f “free mney” (as well as unusually high salaries r suspiciusly cheap services) because they seem “t gd t be true”. (在《人格与社会心理学公报》上发表的一项研究中，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝“免费的钱”（以及异常高的薪水或可疑的廉价服务），因为它们看起来“好得令人难以置信”)”提到超出预期的绝好提议往往会被拒绝，这与人们通常趋利的倾向相反。由此可知，该研究解释的是为什么经济吸引力可能适得其反，画线词意思应该是“Result in an ppsite effect (导致相反的效果)”。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。第三段“If smene seems t g against accepted nrms such as self-interest withut explanatin, we assume they have hidden mtives and infer there will be “phantm csts”: imagined cnsequences that reduce what Vnasch calls an ffer’s “psychlgical value”. (如果某人似乎毫无缘由地违背了自我利益等公认的准则，我们就会认为他们有隐藏的动机，并推断出会有“幽灵成本”：一些想象出来的后果，可能会减少Vnasch称一项提议的“心理价值”)”用“幽灵成本”的概念解释了为什么人们往往会拒绝看似过度慷慨的东西，再结合第四段中“The ld saying ‘there’s n such thing as a free lunch’ is clearly alive and well. (“天下没有免费的午餐”这句老话显然很有道理)”可知，作者肯定了这句谚语的意义，进一步强调看似免费的东西实际上可能存在隐藏的风险，证明了“幽灵成本”的存在。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Uncmfrtable seats aren’t typically a selling pint,” Vnasch says. “But telling peple the seats were uncmfrtable made them mre willing t take them because it was sufficient explanatin.” (“不舒服的座位通常不是卖点，”Vnasch说。“但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意坐，因为这是一个充分的解释。”)”可知，给出一个看似合理的解释有助于让人们更容易接受“廉价航班”。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“If a stranger ffered yu a free ckie, yu might well eat it. But what if they ffered t als give yu $2? Yu might plitely decline and walk away thinking, “Smething smells fishy.” (如果一个陌生人给你一块免费的饼干，你很可能会吃掉它。但如果他们还愿意给你2美元呢？你可能会礼貌地拒绝，然后走开，心想：“有东西闻起来很可疑。”)”可知，文章围绕人们倾向于拒绝看似“好得令人难以置信”的免费或高价值提议这一现象展开，介绍了一项结合心理学和经济学的研究，该研究解释了这种心理现象，表明原因在于人们认为这些提议可能隐藏着未知的成本或风险。因此，C项“为什么有些交易看起来好得令人难以置信”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
C
（24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）Have yu ever jyusly stepped ut t yur backyard garden nly t find yur well-cared-fr plants withered and dying? Was the sil t dry? Did pests find their way in? During times like these, sme frustrated gardeners may wish their plants wuld just tell them what they need. A new Micrsft-partnered prject in the UK is trying t see if that cncept can be demnstrated in the real wrld.
Next year, at the Chelsea Flwer Shw, the Ryal Hrticultural Sciety in England will shw ff an “intelligent garden” that uses an AI mdel t mnitr the garden’s envirnment and infrm gardeners when it needs care. Visitrs can ask the AI-pwered garden questins. The mdel culd then respnd with phrases like “I need a bit mre water,” r “I culd use a haircut” depending n data captured in the sil. Aside frm the pleasant nvelty f chatting with plants, the garden will prvide visitrs with a physical representatin f the many ways AI technlgies culd be used t enhance sustainability effrts.
The Intelligent garden will rely n a netwrk f sensrs nestled thrughut the garden measuring envirnmental factrs like sil misture and nutrient levels as well as wind and rainfall. All f that data is then sent t a specially designed AI mdel. The mdel, pwered by Micrsft’s Azure Open AI Service, can then analyze thse factrs and infrm gardeners n feeding, watering, r trimming.
Onsite plant caretakers aren’t the nly nes wh can interact with the garden. Visitrs t the shw can als walk up t virtual platfrms and ask the intelligent garden questins abut its current envirnmental state. The AI language mdule will then interpret the data and respnd t the visitrs in a cnversatinal dialgue.
In thery, insights prvided by mdels like this culd help gardeners allcate resurces efficiently and avid ver-watering plants befre rainfall, bth f which can aid in sustainability effrts. Thse tls culd bring cnvenience t casual grwers r businesses lking t reduce csts. It’s unclear, hwever, whether even the best mdels can prvide the same level f care as experienced gardeners.
9．What’s the pssible effect f the intelligent garden prject?
A．It’ ll increase the prfits fr gardening industry.
B．It’ ll replace human gardeners with AI technlgy.
C．It’ ll prmte sustainable develpment f gardening.
D．It’ ll create an attractin at the Chelsea Flwer Shw.
10．Hw des the intelligent garden knw what plants need?
A．Via dialgues with gardeners.
B．Thrugh cmputers in the garden.
C．By analyzing data frm the sensrs.
D．By examining plants fr signs f pests.
11．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The AI mdel will be widely used.
B．The AI mdel helps save resurces.
C．The AI mdel can frecast the weather.
D．The AI mdel makes gardeners unnecessary.
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Future gardens will be cntrlled by AI.
B．The Chelsea Flwer Shw amazes audience.
C．The intelligent garden is embraced by gardeners.
D．AI technlgy helps t make gardens sustainable.
【答案】9．C 10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了微软在英国的一个合作项目将AI技术运用于园艺，文章介绍了智能花园及其应用潜力，通过监测环境数据，智能花园可以帮助促进园艺的可持续发展。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Aside frm the pleasant nvelty f chatting with plants, the garden will prvide visitrs with a physical representatin f the many ways AI technlgies culd be used t enhance sustainability effrts.(除了与植物聊天这一令人愉快的新事物之外，这个花园还将为游客提供一个实体展示，展示人工智能技术可以以多种方式促进可持续发展工作)”可知，智能花园项目可能产生的效果是促进园艺的可持续发展。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Intelligent garden will rely n a netwrk f sensrs nestled thrughut the garden measuring envirnmental factrs like sil misture and nutrient levels as well as wind and rainfall. All f that data is then sent t a specially designed AI mdel. The mdel, pwered by Micrsft’s Azure Open AI Service, can then analyze thse factrs and infrm gardeners n feeding, watering, r trimming.(智能花园将依靠遍布花园的传感器网络来测量环境因素，如土壤湿度和营养水平以及风和降雨量。所有这些数据然后被发送到一个专门设计的AI模型。该模型由微软的Azure Open AI服务提供支持，然后可以分析这些因素，并告知园丁施肥、浇水或修剪)”可知，智能花园是通过 AI 模型分析来自传感器采集的数据从而了解植物的需求。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In thery, insights prvided by mdels like this culd help gardeners allcate resurces efficiently and avid ver-watering plants befre rainfall, bth f which can aid in sustainability effrts. Thse tls culd bring cnvenience t casual grwers r businesses lking t reduce csts.(从理论上讲，像这样的模型所提供的见解可以帮助园丁有效地分配资源，并避免在降雨前过度浇水，这两点都有助于可持续发展工作。这些工具可以为偶尔种植者或寻求降低成本的企业带来便利)”可推断，人工智能模型有助于节约资源。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。短文第一段介绍了有时植物会枯萎，但园丁们并不知道原因，并提到英国一个与微软合作的项目试图将这个概念在现实中展现出来。第二段提到皇家园艺学会将在切尔西花展上展示一个使用AI模型来监测花园环境并告知园丁何时需要照顾的“智能花园”，并提到这个花园将为游客提供一个实体展示，展示人工智能技术可以以多种方式促进可持续发展工作。第三段详细说明了智能花园是如何知道植物需要什么的。第四段提到游客也可以与智能花园互动。最后一段提到这种模型所提供的见解可以帮助园丁有效地分配资源，并避免在降雨前过度浇水，这两点都有助于可持续发展工作。综合各段内容可知，短文主要讲述了AI技术有助于使花园可持续，选项D“人工智能技术有助于使花园可持续发展”是本文最佳主旨大意，故选D。
D
（24-25高三上·重庆沙坪坝·期中）Rare is the chief executive wh praises the virtues f a lie-in. Tim Ck, bss f Apple, maker f the iPhne, wakes between 4 am and 5 am. Tw-thirds f the chief executives f large American cmpanies are up by 6 ’ clck; fr average Americans the share is less than ne in three. Fr thse desiring crprate greatness, the message seems clear: yu snze (打盹), yu lse.
Plenty f research finds benefits in early rising. In a study cnducted in 2012 at the University f Trnt, “early birds”, larks, reprted feeling happier and healthier. “Night wls” (猫头鹰), tend t have less sleep, which can weigh n their md and health - as well as their prductivity. “Early birds” are certainly held in higher regard. Rlling int the ffice late cntinues t be frwned upn in mst wrk-places. Mrever, “night wls” were perceived as being lazy, undisciplined and immature.
Rising early is nt, thugh, all upside. Urgent tasks ften cme up during the day, meaning that thse wh cme in early may end up wrking just as late as their dawn-averse clleagues. Waking befre sunrise als risks turning yu int a bre. Sme “larks” g hme early rather than scialize after hurs. “Night wls”, by cntrast, bast abundant time t enjy themselves.
Effrts t alter yur sleep pattern, which is largely a prduct f yur genes, are likely t end in sleepy frustratin. Dimming yur lights at night and buying a special alarm clck will nt magically transfrm yu int a mrning persn. Thse early hurs will be f little use if they are spent staring blankly at a screen thrugh sleepy eyes.
Perhaps the best advice, then, is t stp wrrying abut yur bdy clck. Mst peple are neither“early birds” nr “night wls”, but in between. They d nt perfrm well first thing in the mrning r late in the evening. Many, get sleepy in the afternn, t. That is why mst ffices perate between 9 and 5 - and why they ught t have nap rms.
13．Why is “Tim Ck” mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T apprve f his gd habit.B．T praise the virtues f a lie-in.
C．T shw bsses favr getting up early.D．T illustrate the success f his business.
14．What’s an advantage f being a “night wl”?
A．Being mre prductive.B．Finishing mre tasks.
C．Having mre time t scialize.D．Feeling mre psitive.
15．What’s the authr’s attitude twards changing yur sleep pattern?
A．Supprtive.B．Disapprving.
C．Indifferent.D．Cnservative.
16．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．The Benefits f Being Early BirdsB．Hw t Alter Yur Bilgical Clck?
C．The Harmful Effects f Staying up LateD．Is It Better t Be Early Birds r Night Owls?
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了早起的人和夜猫子两种生活方式的利弊，建议大家不要轻易改变自己的作息习惯。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Rare is the chief executive wh praises the virtues f a lie-in. Tim Ck, bss f Apple, maker f the iPhne, wakes between 4 am and 5 am. Tw-thirds f the chief executives f large American cmpanies are up by 6 ’ clck; fr average Americans the share is less than ne in three. (很少有首席执行官会称赞睡懒觉的好处。蒂姆·库克，苹果公司的老板，iPhne的制造商，每天早上4点到5点起床。三分之二的美国大公司首席执行官6点就起床了；对于普通美国人来说，这一比例不到三分之一。)”可知几乎没有老板喜欢赖床，反之老板喜欢早起的生活方式。所以提到Tim Ck，苹果公司的老板，是为了说明老板都喜欢早起。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sme “larks” g hme early rather than scialize after hurs. “Night wls”, by cntrast, bast abundant time t enjy themselves. (有些“百灵鸟”宁愿早早回家，也不愿下班后参加社交活动。相比之下，“夜猫子”自诩有充足的时间享受生活。)”可知早起的百灵鸟回家早而不出去社交，而夜猫子却有很多时间享受自己，也就是夜猫子有更多的时间进行社交。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段“Effrts t alter yur sleep pattern, which is largely a prduct f yur genes, are likely t end in sleepy frustratin. Dimming yur lights at night and buying a special alarm clck will nt magically transfrm yu int a mrning persn. Thse early hurs will be f little use if they are spent staring blankly at a screen thrugh sleepy eyes.(你的睡眠模式很大程度上是由你的基因决定的，改变这种模式的努力很可能以困倦的挫败告终。晚上调暗灯光，买一个特殊的闹钟不会神奇地把你变成一个早起的人。如果用睡眼惺忪的眼神茫然地盯着屏幕，那么早起的时间就没什么用了。)”可知，作者认为睡眠模式很大程度上是由基因决定的，所以不建议更改这种模式，即反对改变生物钟。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“Perhaps the best advice, then, is t stp wrrying abut yur bdy clck. Mst peple are neither “early birds” nr “night wls”, but in between. They d nt perfrm well first thing in the mrning r late in the evening. Many, get sleepy in the afternn, t. That is why mst ffices perate between 9 and 5 - and why they ught t have nap rms. (也许最好的建议就是不要再担心你的生物钟了。大多数人既不是“早起鸟”也不是“夜猫子”，而是介于两者之间。他们在早上或晚上的第一件事就表现不佳。许多人在下午也会犯困。这就是为什么大多数办公室的工作时间是9点到5点，也是为什么他们应该有午休室的原因。)”可知文章讨论了早起的人和夜猫子两种生活方式的利弊，作者建议大家不要轻易改变自己的作息习惯，因为大部分人都是普通人，所以D选项“早起的鸟好还是夜猫子好？”适合做文章的标题，故选D。