高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger课后练习题

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger课后练习题，共12页。
【教材原句】
He prbably didn’t realize it at the time, but it was where he learnt t be creative and flexible as a player. (教材P26)
It’s a dream cme true fr China! (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者都有“实现”的意思，但用法有区别。
cme true 是系表结构, 无被动语态, 句型结构为：sth. cme(s) true，这里的cme 为系动词，表示“变成”的意思。
realize vt. 意思是 = 1 \* GB3 ①“实现， 使…..成为现实” = 2 \* GB3 ②“认识到，意识到”（通常不用于进行时态）。
【例句呈现】
These predictins will cme true if technlgy cntinues t develp.
如果科技不断发展，这些预言将会成真。
His dream will cme true sner r later.
他的理想迟早会实现。
Her wish t becme a dctr has cme true.
她想当医生的愿望实现了。
All ur dreams can cme true if we have the curage t pursue them.
只要有勇气去追求，一切梦想皆可成真。
Peple think all they need t d is endure ne crazy, intense, jb-free creative burst and their dreams will cme true.
人们认为他们所需要做的事是忍耐一个疯狂，强烈的，无责任的创意突发而他们的梦想将成真。
My dream f getting int Beijing university has cme true.
去北京大学读书让我的梦想成真。
The mment I saw her, I realized smething was wrng.
我一看到她，就觉得不太对劲。
I dn’t think yu realize hw imprtant this is t her.
我认为你没有意识到这对她是多么重要。
The situatin was mre cmplicated than they had at first realized.
形势比他们最初意识到的更为复杂。
They managed t leave withut any f us realizing.
我们谁也没注意，他们悄悄走了。
Only later did she realize her mistake.
只是到了后来她才意识到自己的错误。
Thse are ur hpes; we are starting this clinical trial t investigate whether thse hpes will be realized.
那些就是我们的希望；我们正在开展这些临床试验以调查那些希望是否可以实现。
Varius textile techniques will be explred t realize design pssibilities.
将尝试和探索纺织技巧来把这些设计变为现实。
D yu realize the imprtance f this questin?
你意识到这个问题的重要性吗 ?
Only then did he realize that he had been wrng.
直到这时他才知道他错了.
【考点过关】
用cme true或realize 的适当形式填空
1. The jbless can nly hpe that such predictins will ______.
2. Every minute yu are making all yur dreams ______!
3. What dreams wuld yu like t see ________?
4. Did Tm’s predictins abut the gulf ecsystem _______?
5. As sn as we _______ smething was wrng, we mved the children away.
6. Peple dn’t _______ hw serius this recessin has actually been.
7. There was a cheer when it ________ that everyne was safely back.
8. She _________ her ambitin f becming a prfessinal singer at last.
9. It takes patience fr humans t ______ their dreams
10. It cannt ________ withut technlgical innvatin.
【参考答案】
1. cme true/be realized; 2. cme true/realized; 3. cme true/realized; 4. cme true; 5. realized; 6. realize; 7. came true/was realized; 8. realized; 9. realize; 10. cme true/realize
●cause (vt) ; lead t
【教材原句】
The bumps and rcks that lined the rad under the basket caused the ball t bunce in all directins. (教材P26)
【辨析】
两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。
cause 意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组cause sb./sth. t d sth. 意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。
lead t …. 意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，t 是介词，后面一般接名词。
温馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①lead sb./sth. t d sth. 引起某人/某物做某事
= 2 \* GB3 ②lead sb./sth. t/int + 地点 把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地
= 3 \* GB3 ③指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向” 讲时，不可互换。
【例句呈现】
He has warned that the serius rifts within the cuntry culd lead t civil war.
他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。
Straining t lift heavy weights can lead t a rise in bld pressure.
用力提重物会导致血压升高。
He agreed that these plicies will lead t gridlck in the future.
他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead t untward effects elsewhere.
破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。
There are recgnized black spts in marriages which can lead t truble
婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。
S head nrthwest until yu find a river which shuld lead t the cast.
一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。
Repairs and imprvements can lead t higher rental rates.
修缮后可以提高租价。
Fire has caused severe damage t the cntents f the building.
大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
A cmbinatin f internal and external factrs caused the cmpany t clse dwn.
内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。
The drug may cause an aggravatin f the cnditin.
这种药可能导致病情恶化。
The disease can cause sterility in men and wmen.
这种疾病可能导致男女不育。
Heavy snw has caused ttal chas n the rads.
大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。
Anxiety can be caused by lack f sleep.
睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
Researchers are still trying t islate the gene that causes this abnrmality.
研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。
【考点过关】
根据lead t和cause的用法, 用其适当形式填空
1. A faulty cnnectin _______ the machine t stp that day.
2. If yu string these experiences tgether, yu can find a new life rad will ______ yur future.
3. The pr harvest ________ prices t rise sharply during thse days.
4. He still believed that hnesty and industry wuld ______ success.
5. Vitamin deficiency in the diet can ________ illness.
6. Excuse me, des this rad _______ the railway statin?
7. Heavy seas can _______ cancellatin f ferry services.
8. There were fears that privatizatin wuld _______ jb lsses.
9. Defeat culd _______ ne side t escalate the cnflict.
10. Abuse can _______ bth psychlgical and emtinal prblems.
11. Strng cffee r tea late at night may _______ sleeplessness
12. A pr diet will ultimately ________ illness.
13. Generally, a lack f magnesium _______ muscles t g int spasm.
14. Excessive drinking can ________ stmach disrders.
15. In its present frm, the law culd _______ new injustices.
【参考答案】
1. caused; 2. lead t; 3. caused; 4. lead t; 5. lead t/cause; 6. lead t; 7. lead t/cause; 8. cause/lead t; 9. cause; 10. cause/lead t; 11. lead t/cause; 12. cause/lead t; 13. causes; 14. cause/lead t; 15. cause/lead t
●include; cntain
【教材原句】
Every single member f the team gave their all t the fight, including Hui Ruqi wh had had heart surgery less than five mnths previusly. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。
include 表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include 后面时，include 用-ing形式，放在前面时，include 用-ed形式
cntain 表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。
【例句呈现】
Yur duties will include setting up a new cmputer system.
你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.
I’ve gt three days’ hliday including New Year’s Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
The mvie wn nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
Htel accmmdatin is included in the price f yur hliday.
你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。
Six peple were killed in the rit, including a pliceman.
暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
We all went, me included.
我们都去了，连我在内。
The cmmittee includes representatives frm industry.
这个委员会包括产业界的代表。
Lcal activities include walking, bating and glf.
当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。
The bx cntains ld phtgraphs and suvenirs.
那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。
It cntains a pwerful drug which affects msquites.
它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。
The bttle cntains tw glasses f beer.
这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。
The pill cntains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素。
【考点过关】
根据include, cntain 的用法用其适当形式填空
1. It was fund that her bld _______ pisn.
2. The city has dzens f factries, _______ a pwer plant and a steelwrks.
3. This drink desn’t ________ any alchl.
4. Six students were playing table tennis, tw girls ________.
5. Their diet ________ a lt f fat at present.
6. I ________ apples n the list f things t buy tday.
7. Hw much water des this bttle ________?
8. We all knw that this bk _________ ten shrt stries.
9. Sea water _________ plenty f salt.
10. My uncle has a lt f duties, _________ taking care f these children.
【参考答案】
1. cntained; 2. including; 3. cntain; 4. included; 5. cntains; 6. include; 7. cntain; 8. includes; 9. cntains; 10. including
●award; reward; prize
【教材原句】
After receiving the Mst Valuable Player award fr tw years in a rw, Stephen explained his philsphy, “I never really set ut t change the game….What I wanted t d was just be myself… I knw it inspires a lt f the next generatin, a lt f peple wh lve the game f basketball t value the skill f it, value the fact that yu can wrk every single day t get better….” (教材P27)
The first ceremny was held in 2000 in Mnac, where Pele was given the Lifetime Achievement Award. (教材P31)
In 2003, Ya Ming became the first Chinese sprtspersn t win the award, and in Shanghai in 2015 Ya Ming and Li Na bth wn awards. (教材P31)
【辨析】
三者都有“奖赏”之意，但意思各有侧重，用法也有一定区别。
award 作名词意思是“奖，奖品，奖状，奖金”，指因在比赛或某方面的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉；作动词意思是“颁奖给…，授予，授奖，给….颁奖”，可以接双宾语，构成award sb. sth. (= award sth. t sb.) 结构。
reward 作名词意思是“奖赏，酬金，酬劳，酬谢”，既可以指工作中或某方面的贡献而得到的回报，也可指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回丢失的人或物而得到的奖赏，酬金，酬劳，不能接双宾语，长构成reward sb. with sth.结构。
prize 常作名词，意思是“奖赏，奖品，奖”，常指因在某方面做出巨大贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获奖，如：the Nbel Prize fr Physics/Medicine/Peace 弄贝尔物理学奖/医学奖/和平奖。
温馨提示：影视作品获奖一般用award表示。
【例句呈现】
The mvie wn nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
The smart mney is n him fr the best actr award.
内行认为他将获最佳演员奖。
Damages may be awarded fr emtinal injury.
可能会判处精神伤害赔偿。
He has been awarded a research grant.
他得到一笔研究经费。
There is a reward fr infrmatin leading t the recvery f the missing diamnds.
凡能为找回丢失的钻石提供线索者可获奖赏。
She was richly rewarded fr all her hard wrk.
她一向勤劳苦干，得到了丰厚的回报。
They are nw reaping the rewards f all their hard wrk.
现在，他们的全部辛劳都得到了回报。
She was rewarded fr her 40 years’ faithful service with the cmpany.
她为公司忠诚服务了40年，因而获得奖赏。
There will be a prize fr the mst innvative design.
将设立一项最具创意设计奖。
She wn first prize in the cmpetitin.
她在竞赛中获得头奖。
The star prize is a weekend fr tw in Paris.
特等奖是二人巴黎周末游。
She was awarded the Nbel Peace prize.
她获颁诺贝尔和平奖。
He wn first prize in the wdwind sectin.
他获得木管乐器组一等奖。
【考点过关】
用award, reward和prize的适当形式填空
1. He wn the _______ f 1000 dllars in the ftball match last week.
2. The lady gave him a _______ fr his helping her.
3. She wn the first ______ at the speech cntest.
4. A $100 ________ has been ffered fr the return f the backpack.
5. He wn the Husing Design ________ fr the year 2011.
6. The award f the Nbel ________ has crwned a glrius career in physics.
7. The plice will ________ whever prvides useful infrmatin t catch the rbber.
8. His effrts ________ with gd fruits at last.
9. They ________ Jhn the first prize last mnth.
10. The plice are ffering a big _______ fr infrmatin abut the rbbery.
【参考答案】
1. award/prize; 2. reward; 3. prize; 4. reward; 5. Award; 6. Prize; 7. reward; 8. were rewarded; 9. awarded; 10. reward
●spend; cst; pay
【教材原句】
Their perseverance paid ff with an epic cmeback against the defending champin Brazil in the quarter-finals. (教材P33)
【辨析】
三个词都有“花钱”之意，但用法上有一定的区别。
pay 主语一般是人，表示“付款，赔偿”, 常用在以下结构中：
sb. pay sme mney fr sth. 某人为某物付钱
sb. pay sb. sme mney fr sth. 某人付给某人买….的钱
sb. pack sme mney back 某人还钱
sb. pay ff mney/debt 某人还清钱或债
spend 主语一般是人， 常用在以下结构中：
sb. spend sme time / mney n sth. 某人在某事上花费时间或金钱
sb. spend sme time/mney (in) ding sth. 某人花费时间或金钱做某事
sb. spend mney fr sth. 花钱买某物
cst 主语是某物或某事，常用在以下机构中：
sth. cst(sb.) sme time 某物花了（某人）多少钱
(ding) sth. cst (sb.) sme time/effrt （做）某事花费（耗费）（某人）多少时间或努力；cst 也可以作名词，表示“费用，成本”。
【例句呈现】
She spent £100 n a new dress.
她花100英镑买了一条新连衣裙。
Hw lng did yu spend n yur hmewrk?
你做家庭作业用了多长时间？
She wuld pinch n fd in rder t spend n clthing.
她过去常把伙食费省下来买衣服.
I spend mst f my wrking day sitting at a desk.
我一天之中大部分工作时间都坐在办公桌旁。
We calculated the cst f building a new huse.
我们计算了造一座新房子的费用。
That car must have cst a bundle.
这辆汽车一定值很多钱。
Hw much d the vegetables cst?
这些蔬菜值多少钱？
The wrk was cst by the engineer at $50,000.
这项工程据工程师估价为50 000美元。
Let me pay fr dinner.
晚饭让我来付。
He’ll have t pay ff all his debts.
他必须偿清他的一切债务。
【考点过关】
根据spend, cst和pay的用法填空
1. She spends t much effrt _______ things that dn’t matter.
2. Businessmen spend enrmus amunts _______ (advertise) their prducts.
3. Yu shuld spend time n basic training, nt ______ thse flurishes.
4. The cmpany has spent thusands f punds _______ (update) their cmputer systems.
5. This energy culd be much better spent _______ (take) sme psitive actin.
6. The new car will _______ (cst/pay) 5000 at the lwest cmputatin.
7. Finishing the prject ________ (cst/pay) them tw years.
8. They paid 3,000 yuan ________ these desks.
9. After ten years f hard wrk, she paid ________ all her debts at last.
10. The ld wman ________ (cst/paid) 20 dllars fr the three bks in English.
【参考答案】
1. n; 2. advertising; 3. n; 4. updating; 5. taking; 6. cst; 7. cst; 8. fr; 9. ff/back; 10. paid
●cntribute; dnate
【教材原句】
Strng team spirit als cntributed greatly t their success. (教材P33)
【辨析】
cntribute普通用词，用义范围广，除了“捐献，捐赠”意思之外，还可表示“贡献，捐献，促进，增加，对….起作用”等意思， cntribute的名词为cntributin.
常构成以下结构：cntribute sth. t….，表示“把…..捐给….；向….投稿”； cntribute t….；表示“对…..做出贡献；对…..起作用；导致”等。
dnate意思是“捐献、捐赠”，用义相对较窄，表示捐赠钱物时可以和cntribute 互换，但是，如果表示捐献人的血液或器官时，只能用dnate, 不能用cntribute，dnate的名词dnatin，常构成dnate sth. t….结构。
【例句呈现】
It was generus f her t dnate/cntribute such a large sum t the relief fund.
她很慷慨，捐了一大笔钱给救济基金会。
There are many warm-hearted peple in ur sciety wh vluntarily t dnate
/cntribute mney t help the disabled.
社会上有许多热心人自愿捐款帮助残疾人。
Yu can’t expect a miser like her t dnate/cntribute mney.
你就别指望像他那样的小气鬼能捐钱了。
Many rich peple in the United States dnated/cntributed big sums f mney t universities and clleges.
美国许多富豪给大学捐赠巨款。
They successfully held a cncert and dnated/cntribute the prceeds t charity.
他们成功举办了一次音乐会,把收入捐给了慈善机构。
Many peple shw much cncern fr children’s welfare institutin, and cntribute /dnate mney and materials t help the institutins imprve their cnditins.
很多人关心儿童福利院，向儿童福利院捐款捐物帮助改善条件。
It is stipulated that yung peple shuld have the duty t dnate bld n unpaid basis.
据规定年轻人有义务无偿献血。
In his will he vlunteered t dnate his bdy t medical research.
在他的遗嘱里, 他自愿捐献遗体给医学研究
【考点过关】根据dnate, cntribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. He ________ imprtant cultural relics f his wn cllectin t the state last year.
2. He ________ large sums f mney t charity every year.
3. It is mandatry fr bld banks t test all _______ bld fr the virus.
4. _______ time and energy t thers can take yu ut f yurself.
5. The gvernment calls n the yuth t _______ their bld vluntarily.
6. The lcal peple lined up t _______ mney t the earthquake-hit area.
7. As the patient’s life hung in the balance, many cmrades ffered t _______ bld.
8. I believe that each f us can ________ t the future f the wrld
9. I was asked t _______ t a newspaper article making predictins fr the new year.
10. S far the gvernment’s plicies _________ t the vlatility f the regin.
11. I am sure that this meeting will _______ t the reinfrcement f peace and security all ver the wrld
12. The chas may have _______ t the deaths f up t 20 peple.
【参考答案】
1. dnated/cntributed; 2. dnates/cntributes; 3. dnated; 4. Dnating/Cntributing;
5. dnate; 6. dnate/cntribute; 7. dnate; 8. cntribute; 9. cntribute; 10. cntribute;
11. cntribute; 12. cntributed