英语外研版 (2019)Unit 3 War and peace精练

这是一份英语外研版 (2019)Unit 3 War and peace精练，共13页。
【教材原句】
After waiting fr the perfect cmbinatin f weather, mn and tides, the date fr the start f Operatin Overlrd was set fr 6 June. (教材P26)
【辨析】
三者都与气象有关，但含义上有一定区别。
weather意思是“天气，气象”， 通常指某一地区短期内具体的气象变化，包括晴雨寒暖等情况, 属于气候内容的一种表现。
climate意思是“气候;气候区;倾向;思潮;风气;环境气氛”。做“气候”讲时，指某一地区常年长期的天气情况，包括气温、干旱程度、降雨量等。
【例句呈现】
He was nt used t the lcal climate.
他不习惯当地的气候。
Fr mst f the year, we have a dry climate in Beijing.
一年中大部分时间，北京的气候都很干燥。
The climate in this regin is unwhlesme.
这个地区的气候于健康不利。
It is difficult t find wrk in the present ecnmic climate.
在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。
Yu'll sn get used t the climate here.
你会很快习惯这儿的气候的。
This will nt be pssible in the changed ecnmic climate.
这在经济气候已经改变的条件下是不可能的。
Scial nrm requests that the translatin mtivatin be in accrdance with the scial climate.
社会规范是指社会思潮要求翻译目的与之吻合。
The biggest ranking criteria in the whle survey is plitical and scial climate.
美世调查报告最重要的一项标准就是政治和社会风气。
There's ging t be a change in the weather.
天气将有变化。
Gas and il cnsumptin always increases in cld weather.
燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
The bad weather is causing prblems fr many farmers.
恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
The weather was very kind t us.
天气非常宜人。
The weather gt s bad that we had t turn back.
天气变得非常恶劣，我们不得不循原路折回。
Weather satellites have bserved a ring f vlcanic ash girdling the earth
气象卫星观测到一个环绕地球的火山灰带。
Accrding t the weather frecast, frst is expected tmrrw mrning.
据气象预报，明晨将有霜冻。
【考点过关】
用climate和weather填空
1. What was the ________ like n yur vacatin?
2. _______ change f the whle wrld is still very much a subject fr debate.
3. Yu shuld g utdrs in such fine _______.
4. The article puts frward a new thery t explain changes in the ___________ f the wrld.
5. The _______ is very changeable at this time f year.
6. We need t create a ________ in which business can prsper.
7. The game was called ff because f bad _______ weather.
8. The ________ f plitical cnfusin has nly reinfrced the cuntry's ecnmic decline.
9. It wuld be dangerus t risk ging ut in this ________.
10. The religius ________ at the time refused new ideas.
11. A red sky at night ften indicates fine ________ the next day.
12. The warm _______ favrs many types f trpical plants.
13. The _______ at the mment is nt typical fr July.
14. If the _______ in the wrld changes cntinue, we will suffer the cnsequences.
15. Wrk n the building was impeded by severe _______.
16. As a new psychlgical ________, psitive psychlgy advcates that psychlgy shuld research psitive traits f mankind itself.
17. Accrding t the ________ frecast, there will be a gale tmrrw.
18. T maintain a psitive schl ________ the cmmunity fllws these guidelines fr student behavir.
19. ________ statins are scattered all ver the vast plains and the muntain regins.
【参考答案】
1. weather; 2. Climate; 3. weather; 4. climate; 5. weather; 6. climate; 7. weather; 8. climate; 9. weather; 10. climate; 11. weather; 12. climate; 13. weather; 14. climate; 15. weather; 16. climate; 17. weather; 18. climate; 19. Weather
●injure; hurt; wund
【教材原句】
Tw were killed; three were injured. (教材P27)
【辨析】
injure 常指意外伤害，尤其是事故中受到的伤害。包括容貌、生理、身体等，有时也指声誉受损。在句子中常以被动形式出现；the injured 表示“伤者，受伤的人们”或“受伤的…..”
hurt做及物动词时既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。作不及物动词时，表示“疼痛”。常用主动语态。伤情相对injure 稍轻。
温馨提示：指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly，slightly，seriusly等连用；但如果指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
wund常指在战场上受到的枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，往往是出血的，严重的伤。the wunded 表示“伤口，伤者，受伤的人们”或“受伤的…..”
【例句呈现】
Three peple were killed and five injured in the crash.
撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。
He was injured early n and didn't last the match.
他开赛后不久就受了伤，没法坚持到底。
Of the six peple injured in the crash, nly tw survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
This culd seriusly injure the cmpany's reputatin.
这会严重损害公司的声誉。
It was a hurt that wuld take a lng time t heal.
那是需要很长时间才能愈合的创伤。
It hurt me t think that he wuld lie t me.
一想到他竟然对我说谎，我就很伤心。
My back is really hurting me tday.
我今天背疼得厉害。
It tears me apart t think I might have hurt her feelings.
一想到我可能伤害了她的感情，我就感到痛心。
50 peple were seriusly wunded in the attack.
这次袭击中有50人受重伤。
She died f a single stab wund t the heart.
她因心脏被刺中一刀而身亡。
Tw passengers were injured when their taxi was rammed frm behind by a bus.
公共汽车从后面撞来，出租车上的两位乘客受了伤。
I didn't want t hurt his feelings.
我并没有想伤害他的感情。
【考点过关】
用injure, hurt 和wund的适当形式填空
1. The team has made sme psitinal changes because tw players are unexpectedly ________.
2. Three peple _________ in the crash last mnth.
3. 300 peple ________ in the explsin yesterday.
4. The ________ were rushed t hspital in an ambulance.
5. The _________ hrse had t be destryed.
6. I didn't mean t _______ yur feelings.
7. She wuld never intentinally ______ anyne.
8. Martha's _______ pride shwed in her eyes.
9. She tried t stp the flw f bld frm the ________.
10. The sldier ________ by a bullet during the war eight years ag.
【参考答案】
1. injured; 2. were injured; 3. were injured; 4. injured/wunded; 5. injured/wunded; 6. hurt; 7. hurt; 8. hurt; 9. wund; 10. was wunded
●destry, damage, ruin
【教材原句】
In 1937, the aggressin f the Japanese army brught disaster t China’s three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were ccupied by Japanese trps, while Nankai University was cmpletely destryed by bmbing. (教材P32)
【辨析】
三者都有“破坏；损坏”的意思，但有一定区别。
destry 常指“毁灭性地破坏，摧毁；消灭；毁灭” 具体的事物或抽象的事物，程度极其严重，无法修复。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽指打破(希望, 计划等)。
ruin泛指一般性的破坏，多用于借喻之中，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。使破产，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用 ruin，可做动词和名词。常构成以下机构：
bring sb. t ruin 使某人失败; 使倾家荡产
bring ruin upn neself 自取灭亡
g/cme/ fall t ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
ruin neself毁掉自己
in ruins成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
damage意为“损坏、破坏”。常表示损坏或破坏具体的事物，也可以指损坏抽象的东西，含有损坏后价值或效益降低的意味，破坏或损坏程度不太严重，以修复再用，还可用作可数或不可数名词，常构成以下结构：
d damage t….. 损害…., 破坏….
cause damage t…..损害…., 破坏…..
【例句呈现】
Smking will damage yur health.
抽烟会损害你的健康。
The earthquake did a lt f damages t the city．
这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。
What they said and did damage the relatins between the tw cuntries．
他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。
The Nazi wanted t destry/ruined peple's hpes, but in the end what was destryed was the Nazi's dream by the pwer f peple．
纳粹想摧毁人民的希望，最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
The earthquake destryed the village，s the lcal gvernment decided t select anther place t build a new ne .
地震彻底摧毁了这个村庄, 因此当地政府决定选另一个地方建设一个新村子。
The heavy sandstrm destryed/ruined their plan t seek fr water in the desert.
一场非同一般的沙尘暴破坏了他们去沙漠里找水的计划。
All my hpes were destryed/ruined by his letter f refusal.
他回信拒绝，使我的希望完全破灭。
My new cat is ruined．
我的外套不能再穿了。
The strm ruined the crps.
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼
She pured water all ver my painting, and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
【考点过关】
用destry, damage和ruin的适当形式填空
1. The terrible hurricane ________ the whle twn cmpletely last week.
2. He _______ his future by carelessness.
3. The fire _______ all my bks.
4. He kncked ver a bttle f ink and ______ the table clth.
5. The whle city was in ________ after the earthquake.
6. Badly ______ in the accident, but the car can be repaired and reused.
7. The heavy rain _______ all hpe f a picnic.
8. The fire _______ the building, and the gvernment had t rebuild it.
9. These yung peple _______ themselves due t nt listening t advice.
10. The fld caused ________ t the cuntry.
【参考答案】
1. destryed; 2. ruined/destryed; 3. destryed; 4. ruined; 5. ruins; 6. damaged; 7. destryed/ruined; 8. destryed; 9. ruined; 10. damage
●wrthy; wrthwhile; wrth
【教材原句】
Hwever, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, ver a perid f eight lng years, that the natin’s intellectual heritage was nt nly guarded but frtified by the passin and belief f the wrthy academics f Lianda. (教材P32)
【辨析】
三者都有“值得”的意思，但是用法不同。
wrthy 意思是“值得的”，常构成结构：主语 + be wrthy f being dne (=主语 + be wrthy t be dne
wrth adj.值…钱的；有…价值的；值得的；有价值的；n. 价值；价格;高品质;高水平; 值…的量。常构成结构：主语 + be wrth sth/ding sth.
往往构成以下短语：t prve yur wrth 证明你的价值；fr all it is wrth 尽可能地利用；充分利用；fr all yu are wrth 拼命地；全力以赴地；fr what it's wrth （尤指为避免显得傲慢）不论好坏，不管有没有用；wrth yur weight in gld 非常有价值的。
wrthwhile 意思是“值得的”， 常构成结构：it is wrthwhile ding sth./t d sth.
【例句呈现】
It is wrthwhile buying the dictinary.
这本词典值得买。
It is wrthwhile t pay much attentin t their great value in applicatin.
因此，它们具有的使用价值是值得重视的。
It is wrthwhile t send him abrad fr further educatin.
将他送到国外去深造是值得的。
It is wrthwhile t discuss the prblem further.
进一步讨论这个问题是值得的。
Since the Chinese market has huge ptential, it is wrthwhile being patient.
然而，由于中国市场潜力巨大，付出耐心是值得的。
The vases are believed t be wrth ver$ 20 000 each.
那些花瓶据估计每个价值都超过2万元。
Thse might be wrth trying ．
这些也许值得一试。
I think that the huse shuld be wrth the price.
我想应该值这个价格。
We esteem him t be wrthy f trust.
我们认为他值得信任。
It is the cre f the railrad transprtatin cntract system that the carriers respnsibility system may be wrthy t be called.
承运人责任制度可以称得上是铁路运输合同制度的核心。
【考点过关】
根据wrthwhile, wrth, wrthy的用法填空
1. If yu'd be lved, be wrthy ________ (lved).
2. It is wrthwhile _______ (spend) mney n advertising.
3. What is wrth ding is wrth ________ (d) well.
4. Therefre, it is wrthwhile ________ (d) research n this kind f animal.
5. This art cllectin is wrth ________ (shw) nce again.
6. They thught these ideas t bvius t be wrth ________ (publish).
7. The glbal envirnmental change wuld be wrthy __________ (pay) much attentin t.
8. It is wrthwhile ________ (think) ver sme details f this bk.
【参考答案】
1. t be lved/f being lved; 2. spending/t spend; 3. dng; 4. ding/t d; 5. shwing ; 6. publishing; 7. t be paid/f being paid; 8. thinking/t think
●(it's) n/little/small wnder (that)…；it's a wnder (that)…
【教材原句】
It is n wnder that many, if nt mst, f China’s leading schlars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the tw Nbel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengda. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者意思完全不同。
(it's) n/little/small wnder (that)… 意思是“不足为奇；并不奇怪；难怪”，it’s 常常可以省略。一般用来说明不足为奇的事情是有原因的。
it's a wnder (that)… 意思是“令人惊奇的是；莫名其妙的是”，常用来描述让人不可思议的事情。
【例句呈现】
"It is n wnder that ur missile men refer t guided missiles as "birds" .
我们的导弹发射手称导弹为“鸟”是一点也不奇怪的。
It is n wnder that he shuld have succeeded
他成功了是不足为奇的。
N wnder that the bag is t expensive.
毫无疑问这个包包太贵了。
It is n wnder that the emplyer rejects them.
这也难怪会受到雇主的拒绝。
It is n wnder that such schls are the rule in Germany and Russia.
难怪这样的学校在德国和俄国居统治地位。
It is n wnder that they build a beautiful image in thers' heart.
难怪在别人的心理他们能够建立一个美好形象。
It is little wnder (that) she was s upset.
她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。
It is a wnder that he shuldn't be cnvinced f his mistakes.
说也奇怪，他竟然认识不到自己的错误。
It is a wnder that, in these circumstances, Barack Obama still has a chance f winning.
令人惊奇的是，在这种情况下，巴拉克奥巴马仍有希望胜出。
It is a wnder that he remained alive after drpping frm the rf f a ten-stried building.
他从一幢10层楼房子的屋顶上摔下来，但仍然活着，真是奇迹。
MACROECONOMISTS are widely disparaged fr getting mst things wrng, but really it is a wnder that they knw anything at all.
宏观经济学因为总是给出错误结果而一直饱受鄙视，但是实际上值得一问的是他们到底知道什么。
It is a real wnder that such a busy man as Defe wuld have fund time fr literary creatin.
这是一个真正的人，难怪这么忙抽空搞文学创作。
It is a wnder that McLennan did nt discver in these marriage clubs, t several f which ne culd belng and which he himself describes, a new class f club marriage!
奇怪的是，麦克伦南在叙述这种婚姻俱乐部时，竟没有发现俱乐部婚姻这个新类别。
【考点过关】
用n wnder和a wnder 填空
1. It’s ________ that Mr. Brwn recgnized me at the first sight after all these years.
2. With all these attractins, ________ turism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
3. It is ________ that they finished all the matter within tw days.
4. Her child is missing. Therefre, it is _______ that she is s upset.
5. It is _________ that he came here s early this mrning. Yu knw, he is always late.
6. He hasn’t slept at all fr three days. It is ________ he is tired ut.
7. -- Dressed in a red cat, he is like a girl rather than a by.
-- ______ I didn’t recgnize him.
8. It is ________ that he is still alive after hiding in a cave withut any fd r water.
9. He has been wrking hard, s it is _________ that he shuld have succeeded.
10. It is ________ that he reused such a gd ffer.
11. His parents have bth died, s it is _______ that he lks s sad.
12. I am tld that he studies very hard and it is _______ that he stands ut in every subject.
13. In terms f the pr cnditin f the engine, it is _______ that it even starts.
14. With such frightening statistics abut health, it is _______ that mre and mre peple are getting int shape.
15. It's _______ that he survived the terrible air crash.
【参考答案】
1. a wnder; 2. n wnder; 3. a wnder; 4. n wnder; 5. a wnder; 6. n wnder; 7. N wnder; 8. a wnder; 9. n wnder; 10. a wnder; 11. n wnder; 12. n wnder; 13. a wnder; 14. n wnder; 15. a wnder
●serve as; act as; wrk as
【教材原句】
Of the thusands f cllege students frm all ver China wh served as interpreters, ne tenth were frm Lianda, including the well-knwn translatrs Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchng. (教材P32)
【辨析】
三者都有“充当，担任”的意思，多数情况下可以换用，但有些微的区别。
serve as意思是“充当，担任，起作用”，后接人或物。
act as 意思是“充当，担任，扮演，起作用”，后接人或物，一般可以与serve as和wrk as 换用，但act as作“扮演”时，一般不可换用。
wrk as 意思是“充当，是….身份；做…..工作”，后一般接人，跟表示职业的名词居多。
【例句呈现】
Yu are ging t act as ur sle agent in Brazil.
你将要担任我方在巴西的总代理。
This kind f system can act as part f the perating system.
这种系统能充当操作系统的一部分。
Dust bags act as a filter and suctin will be reduced if they are t full
集尘袋起着过滤的作用，所集的灰尘太多时其吸附作用就会减小。
I asked my bss t act as a g-between.
我请我的老板当中间人。
Alchlic drinks act as a pisn t a child.
酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。
He vlunteered t serve as the manager f ur department stre.
他自荐当我们商场的经理。
America cannt indefinitely serve as the breadbasket fr the wrld
美国不可能无限期地作为世界的粮仓。
A grup f piers n a cmmercial waterfrnt that serve as a general landing area fr ships r bats.
作船只靠岸用的商业港口上的一组码头.
Trees give ff large quantities f water and serve as cling agents.
树木释放出大量的水分，可以起到降温的作用。
she was elected t serve as secretary f the lcal party.
她当选为地方党组织的书记。
After that, he mved t Seattle t wrk as an engineer with Being
之后他到西雅图为波音公司担任工程师
The Chinese accunt fr 461 and wrk mstly as translatrs r general service prviders.
其中中国人有461个，主要担任翻译或者提供一般性服务。
When she grws up, Millie wuld like t attend Penn State and then wrk as a detective in law enfrcement.
米莉长大后想要进入宾州大学，随后在执法部门担任侦探。
I wrk as a prgrammer in the sftware cmpany.
我在那间软件公司担任程式员。
【考点过关】
根据act as, serve as, wrk as.的用法填空
1. I was hired by the Persnnel Sectin and tld t ______ a secretary.
2. Nw, small twns in Suth India ______ ecnmic and cultural centers fr the surrunding villages.
3. In my summer hlidays, I used t _______ a part-time interpreter in several freign cmpanies.
4. But the 24-year-ld Harry Ptter star was attending a very different type f pht call as she cntinued t ______ a UN Gdwill Ambassadr.
5. I agree t _______ chairman f the meeting.
6. Let these wrds f mine ________ a warning t yu.
7. Every Christmas I used t _______ a temprary pstman in my village, helping t deliver the seasnal avalanche f parcels and greeting cards.
8. The table used t ______ a htel desk.
9. My mm can ________ a guard.
10. Tm will _______ the chief actr in the film.
11. The large bx can _______ serve as a desk t.
12. I’ll ______ assistant editr n a trade jurnal in the fd field, where my tasks included a great deal f interviewing and persnal cntact with members f the industry.
13. A trained dg can _______ a guide t a blind persn.
14. But a typewriter was t limited t _______ a mdel.
15. I'll ________ interpreter.
【参考答案】
1. wrk as/act as/serve as; 2. act as/serve as; 3. wrk as/act as/serve as; 4. wrk as/act as/serve as; 5. wrk as/act as/serve as; 6. serve as/act as; 7. wrk as/act as/serve as; 8. act as/serve as; 9. wrk as/act as/serve as; 10. act as; 12. wrk as/serve as/act as; 13. act as/wrk as/serve as; 14. serve as/act as; 15. wrk as/act as/serve as