外研版（2019）必修一~Unit 6-At one with nature单元核心考点归纳

Unit 6单元核心考点归纳【重点词汇&短语】①Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，严格说来，我们生存的唯一方式就是与自然和谐相处。②The music is out of harmony with her songs.曲调和她(所唱)的歌不和谐。③It is a harmonious community where pupils are very happy.这是一个和睦的集体，学生们很开心。①This entrance has been specially designed for people in wheelchairs.这个入口是专门为坐轮椅的人设计的。②It is designed as a textbook for a one­term course.它可用作一学期课程的教材。③The weekend party was designed to bring the two old men together.这次周末聚会的用意是让两位老人见面。④We don't know whether it was done by accident or by design.我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的。①Reading novels on line for a long time before sleeping will do you harm.睡前在线阅读小说的时间太久对身体有害。②The heavy haze in the eastern area of China especially in Jinan did great harm to people's health.华东地区特别是济南的雾霾对人们的健康造成了巨大的伤害。③There's no harm in telling him the truth.把真相告诉他没有什么害处。④It's harmful to your health to drink too much.过量喝酒对你的健康有害。eq \a\vs4\al(易混辨析：harm， hurt， injure， wound)①Butterflies feed on a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.蝴蝶以花卉产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。②We feed our dogs on/with fresh meat.＝We feed fresh meat to our dogs.我们用新鲜的肉喂我们的狗。③Many consumers today are fed up with receiving spam or unwanted e­mail.如今，许多用户讨厌收到垃圾邮件和无用邮件。④I don't know how they manage to live on ￡10 a week.我不知道他们一个星期靠10英镑是怎么生活的。①Jim broke Tom's cup and had to replace it with a new one.吉姆打破了汤姆的杯子，(因此)不得不给他换个新的。②No one can take the place of her father in her heart. 没有人可以取代父亲在她心目中的位置。①She is an expert in child psychology.她是儿童心理学专家。②A musician is one who is expert in playing a musical instrument.音乐家是指在演奏某乐器方面是专家的人。①Some farmers rent their land from the council.一些农民从地方议会租用土地。②With the development of pulling down houses, it is harder to find apartments for rent.随着房屋拆迁的扩大，租房更难了。①The expenses should be limited to what you can really afford. 费用不应超出你们偿还能力的限度。②We set a limit to the expense of the trip.我们为这次旅游的费用作出了限定。③She has reached the limit of her patience.她已到了忍无可忍的地步。④They limit the speed of cars to 50 kilometers per hour on this road.他们限定这条路的车速为每小时50千米。①As we all know, books are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal from reading.我们都知道书是知识的源泉。我从读书中获益匪浅。②Doing exercise every day is of great benefit to health.天天做运动对健康大有好处。③The soldier lost his life for the benefit of his motherland.这名士兵为了祖国的利益献出了生命。名师点津：benefit一般为不可数名词，但意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词，可用复数形式。①The teacher, as well as his students, is fond of wat－ching football matches.那位老师以及他的学生们都喜欢看足球比赛。②Andy Lau is a famous movie star, and a singer as well.刘德华既是一位著名影星，也是一名歌手。【长难句分析】①It was his best friend that/who he met at the party.在聚会时他遇到的是他最好的朋友。②Was it Sally that/who phoned you just now？刚才给你打电话的是莎莉吗？③What was it that prevented him from coming in time？是什么使得他没及时来？④It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她来。名师点津：强调句型的判断方法：把it is/was及that去掉，句子依然完整；否则，就不是强调句型。①Cloning plants is simple while cloning animals is very complicated. 克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就非常复杂了。②While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。③While the discussion was still going on, George came in.当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。【语法归纳-定语从句】1.“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词“介词＋关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构。“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that。Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人可以让她求助的。2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定介词的选择可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。(1)一先，即先看先行词，从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。(比如时间常和on, in, by搭配；地点常用on, in, at；原因用for；方式用in, by, with等)This is the house in which the inventor lived.这就是那位发明家住的房子。(2)二动，即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。He is a person of whom everyone has heard.(hear of 听说)他是一个人人都听说过的人。(3)三意义：通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University.他在当地的一所高中上的学，那之后去北大继续求学。(4)四特殊：介词of 常用于“表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词”结构。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any，数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；the＋最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half, a quarter。There are sixty students in our class, twenty of whom are girls.我们班有六十名学生，其中二十名是女生。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中80%的鞋销往国外。There are two rooms, the smaller of which is my study room.这里有两个房间，较小的那个是我的书房。名师点津：像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the person whom/who/that you are looking for.,这就是你在找的那个人。1harmony n. 融洽，和谐，一致(P63)归纳拓展(1)in harmony with 与……协调一致out of harmony with 与……不协调一致(2)harmonious adj. 调和的，和谐的，均衡的2design v. 设计，(为某种特定目的)计划　n. 设计；图案；意图(P63)归纳拓展(1)design sth. for sb./sth. 为……设计……(be) designed for sb./sth. 为……而设计be designed as sth. 被设计成be designed to do sth. 为做某事而设计；目的是(2)by design＝on purpose 故意地，蓄意地3harm v．& n. 伤害，损害(P63)归纳拓展(1)do ... harm/do harm to ... 对……有害There is no harm in (sb.'s) doing sth.做某事无害处(2)harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的be harmful to ... 对……有害处(3)harmless adj. 无害的，不会造成损害的harm“危害，使受伤害”，常用于抽象事物hurt“弄疼，使受伤”，可指肉体上的伤害，更多用于情感上的伤害injure“使受伤，伤害”，尤其指在事故中受到的伤害wound“伤害，使受伤”，主要用于刀、枪、剑等武器对身体造成的创伤4feed on(动物)以……为食(P63)归纳拓展(1)feed sb./sth. on/with ... ＝feed ... to sb./sth.用……来喂/饲养某人/物be fed up with 厌烦……(2)live on (人)以……为主食，靠……生活5replace vt. 以……替换，更换；把……放回原处(P65)归纳拓展(1)replace ... with/by ... 用……代替……(2)replace sb./sth.＝take the place of sb./sth.＝take one's place 取代某人/某物(3)in place of 代替，取代6expert adj. 内行的，专家的　n. 专家(P68)归纳拓展an expert on/in/at ... 某方面的专家be expert in/at 在某方面擅长7rent v. 租用，租借　n. 租金(P69)归纳拓展(1)rent sth. from sb. 从某人处租用某物(2)for rent 供租用的8limited adj. 有限的(P70)归纳拓展(1)be limited to 受限于，局限到limit ... to ... 把……限制在……(2)limit n. 限制；极限；界限　v. 限制set a limit to 限制，控制reach the limit达到极限(3)limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的9benefit n. 好处，益处　vt. 有利于；有益于；受益(P70)归纳拓展(1)for the benefit of ... ＝for one's benefit 为了……的利益be of benefit to ... 有益于……；对……有好处(2)benefit sb./sth. 使某人或某物受益benefit from/by ... 从……中受益/获益(3)beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的10as well as 既……又……，不但……而且……；和……一样好(P69)归纳拓展(1)as well as “除了……以外，还……”；“既……又……”，通常连接两个并列成分，而且强调前者。(2)as well as连接两个并列主语时，句中谓语动词的单复数形式由as well as前面的主语决定。(3)as well表示“也，又”的意思，副词词组，常位于句末。1During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.在雨季，雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下进入梯田。(P63)剖析本句中的“it was ... that ... ”是强调句型，强调的是地点状语along these waterways。归纳拓展(1)强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。(2)强调句的一般疑问句的构成是：“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。(3)强调句的特殊疑问句形式为“疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分”。(4)not ... until ... 结构在强调句型中的运用，其结构为“It is/was not until ... that ... ”。2And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. 许多英国人最喜欢星期天割草，而一些人只是坐在树枝下，享受他们周围世界的美丽就很开心。(P68)剖析本句中while作并列连词，连接前后的并列分句，表示对比，意为“而；然而”。归纳拓展while除作并列连词外，还有以下用法：(1)while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”。(2)while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为“当……的时候”。