外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 6 At one with nature示范课课件ppt

Using language

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

A study has found that warmer waters off North America's West Coast caused many kinds of sea life to move farther north than ever before.

The study was a project of scientists from the University of California, Davis.The scientists examined waters off the coast of Northern California in the eastern Pacific Ocean.The researchers say they recognized a local of 67 species (物种) between 2014 and 2016, during what was described as a “marine heatwave”．Marine heatwaves were explained in the study as  “a period of extreme sea surface temperatures lasting for days to months”．The 2014－2016 heatwave is thought to be the largest ever recorded.The warm water later moved southward  toward California.

The warmer  waters were partly a product of El Niño conditions during the same period, researchers noted.El Niño develops when winds off the coast of South America weaken.This enables the warm water in the western Pacific to move eastward.El Niño often causes ocean temperatures in the area to rise between 2 to 4 degrees Celsius, the study found.

The researchers reported that 37 of the 67 species they studied had never before been observed so far north as California.These creatures are native to an area hundreds of kilometers to the south, mainly around Baja California in Mexico.A few were even found north of California, off the state of Oregon.The northward travel of so many different sea creatures was considered “unprecedented” (史无前例的) by the researchers.Among the species found in the study were a meat­eating sea slug that hunts other sea slugs, a sea snail “butterfly” and a purple­lined jellyfish.Another unexpected visitor was the pelagic red crab, which researchers said had only been found in areas off the coast of Mexico.

Scientists involved in the study believe the findings can provide valuable information for knowing future sea life reactions to warming oceans.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋热浪致美国大量海洋生物异常北迁。

1．What is a marine heatwave according to the passage?

A．An ocean with the rough surface.

B．A wave with low temperatures.

C．A period of warmer ocean surface water.

D．A species living in extreme weather.

解析：选C　细节理解题。由第二段中的Marine heatwaves were explained in the study as “a period of extreme sea surface temperatures lasting for days to months”．可知，海洋热浪是一个海洋表层水变暖的时期。

2．What contributes to El Niño conditions?

A．Warmer waters.

B．Weakened winds off South America.

C．The colder sea surface.

D．Species moving northward.

解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段中的El Niño develops when winds off the coast of South America weaken.可知，南美洲减弱的风促使了厄尔尼诺现象的产生。

3．Why does the author mention the meat­eating sea slug in Paragraph 4?

A．To point out that ocean environment becomes worse.

B．To suggest that sea creatures need separate living space.

C．To prove that many kinds of sea life can adapt to warmer waters.

D．To evidence that ocean temperatures along California are higher than before.

解析：选D　推理判断题。由第四段内容可知，所有研究的67个物种中，有37个在加利福尼亚州北部从未被观察，这是因为加利福尼亚州沿岸的海洋温度比以前高。作者在第四段中提到了食肉海蛞蝓就是为了证明加利福尼亚州沿岸的海洋温度比以前高了。

4．What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The heatwaves disturb the life of many sea creatures.

B．The increased temperature benefits many sea creatures.

C．Sea life reactions can be valuable to predict future heatwaves.

D．The heatwaves cause many unexpected visitors to move southward.

解析：选A　推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，海洋热浪导致美国大量海洋生物异常北迁，这是一种被迫性地迁移。根据海洋生物的被迫迁移可以判断出，热浪扰乱了许多海洋生物的生活。

B

Plastics remain one of the most­used materials for making many things.Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time.Plastics are also much lighter than metal and can easily be formed into different shapes.Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down on their own.And very few kinds are highly recyclable.

A team of researchers working at the US Department of Energy says it has created a kind of plastic that could lead to products that are 100 percent recyclable.It recently reported the discovery in a study in the journal Nature Chemistry.

The researchers say the new material is a plastic polymer (聚合体) called polydiketoenamine, or PDK.The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的) level.It can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors.The researchers say this process can be repeated over and over again — without the plastic material losing any performance or quality.

“Most plastics were never made to be recycled, ” lead researcher Peter Christensen said in a statement.“ But we have discovered a new way to assemble plastics that takes recycling into consideration from a molecular perspective.”

Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful.The problem is that these chemicals attach to the monomers (单体)，which remain in plastics even after the material gets processed at a recycling plant.The research team reported that, with the newly discovered PDK material, the monomers could be recovered and separated from any chemical additives.

Next, the researchers plan to develop PDK plastics “with a wide range of thermal and mechanical properties”．These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed materials and foams.In addition, the team is trying to include plant­based materials in the process.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队正在研究一种新型的塑料，这种塑料更容易降解，更耐用且可以循环利用。

5．What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．Plastics are never highly recyclable.

B．Plastics are widely used in our lives.

C．Plastics have both advantages and disadvantages.

D．Plastics take hundreds of years to break down.

解析：选C　段落大意题。根据文章第一段的Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time ...And very few kinds are highly recyclable.可知，塑料结实耐用，更易成型；需要上百年才能降解，且几乎不能循环利用；所以本段既讲了塑料的优点也讲了缺点。故选C。

6．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The new material.

B．The research team.

C．The molecular level.

D．The producing process.

解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据前句The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的)level.和画线词后面的can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors可知，it指代的是前文提到的新材料，尤其从can be和can then be这两个并列句可以推出前后讲的是同物。故选A。

7．Why do many plastics have different chemicals added to them?

A．To make them easy to break down.

B．To make them easy to get processed.

C．To make it possible for them to be recycled.

D．To make them stronger and more widely used.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful.可知，加入其它化学物质的目的是让塑料更有用，更耐用。故选D。

8．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．PDK plastics will be soon put to good use.

B．PDK plastics may have a promising prospect.

C．The researchers are busy developing PDK plastics.

D．Plant­based materials have been used in the new plastics.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed materials and foams.可知，这种新型塑料在将来可以被用在很多领域，例如布料，3D打印和泡沫。故选B。

Ⅱ.完形填空

Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second   1  .He learned the value and beauty of   2   there from a very young age.

When he was 16, Molai began to notice something   3   happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the   4   it caused had driven away a number of birds.  5  ， the number of snakes had declined as well.He   6   that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the   7  .The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek   8   during the daytime.He turned to the   9   department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However, Molai went looking on his own and   10   a nearby island where he began to plant trees.

  11   young plants in the dry season was   12   for a lone boy.Molai built at the   13   of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to   14   rainwater.The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.

Molai   15   to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally­grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个印度男孩几十年如一日在所在的村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林，最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物生长的家园的故事。

1．A.dream　　　　　　　　 B．job

C．home   D．choice

解析：选C　根据第一句可知小村庄是他的家，那么后文提到的wetlands就是他的第二个家了。故选C。

2．A.nature   B．youth

C．culture   D．knowledge

解析：选A　根据下文他植树造林保护动植物可推知，他深知自然的价值。故选A。

3．A.precious   B．interesting

C．disturbing   D．awkward

解析：选C　根据下一句“洪水侵袭了这一地区，迫使很多鸟类离开，蛇的数量也在减少”可知，不好的事情发生了。disturbing“令人不安的”，符合语境。故选C。

4．A.waste   B．tension

C．pain   D．damage

解析：选D　分析句子结构可知it caused为定语从句且it指的是flood。结合句意可知，此处是指洪水带来的损害导致鸟类离开此地，cause damage 造成损害，为习惯搭配。故选D。

5．A.Besides   B．However

C．Therefore   D．Otherwise

解析：选A　由前一句“鸟类飞走了”和后一句“蛇的数量也减少了”可知，两句都是洪水的危害。however和otherwise表示转折关系，therefore表示因果关系，besides表示递进关系。故选A。

6．A.agreed   B．realized

C．remembered   D．predicted

解析：选B　结合空后宾语从句的内容可知，这是他分析后得出的结论。故选B。

7．A.noise   B．heat

C．disease   D．dust

解析：选B　结合本句中的weren't enough trees和下一句中的during the daytime可推知，树木用来遮荫，保护这些动物免受太阳照射的热量。故选B。

8．A.directions   B．partners

C．help   D．shelter

解析：选D　根据常识可知，树木在炽热的阳光下可以为动物提供遮蔽。故选D。

9．A.labor   B．police

C．forest   D．finance

解析：选C　根据上下文可知，要解决问题就得种树，他自然会向林业相关部门寻求帮助。故选C。

10．A.rebuilt   B．discovered

C．left   D．managed

解析：选B　根据空后的内容a nearby island可知，他找到一个小岛。故选B。

11．A.Decorating   B．Observing

C．Watering   D．Guarding

解析：选C　结合下文的内容可知，本段讲的是树木的灌溉问题。故选C。

12．A.tough   B．illegal

C．fantastic   D．beneficial

解析：选A　结合句意“在干旱季节给树苗浇水对于一个男孩来说是很……”和下文他所做的努力可知应该是很“困难的”。故选A。

13．A.back   B．top

C．foot   D．side

解析：选B　结合下一句中的on the plants below可推知，在树的上方他建了一个小装置。故选B。

14．A.cool down   B．keep off

C．purify  D．collect

解析：选D　结合下一句“雨水会从上方的装置中滴下去给树浇水”可知，这种装置是为了收集雨水。故选D。

15．A.returned   B．learned

C．failed   D．continued

解析：选D　根据时间状语for the next 37 years可知，他继续做这样的事情很长时间，故选D。

Ⅲ.语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important   1   (grow) your own food.Any open space   2   (use) to grow fruit and vegetables.There are apples, pears, peaches, strawberries, cabbages and carrots, here and there.Everyone can pick them   3   free.Eight years ago, a woman named Pam in Todmorden dug up her rose garden.She planted vegetables, knocked down the garden walls and put up a sign   4   (say), “Help yourself？” Today, Pam has    5   (complete) changed the town.A new town has been born,   6    is called “Incredible Edible Todmorden”．Pam explained why she thought the idea was popular.“It's possible and positive.Many people know we have to change,   7    how we do that is a question.So one day, she gathered all the   8   (villager) together.They decided to do something different at once.They didn't write reports.They didn't ask for permission.They just did it.Only a short time later, Todmorden    9   (become) a big garden of fruit and vegetables.In Todmorden, there is a motto: If you eat, you are in.But that's not all.There are   10   (many) than 700 edible towns popping up around the world, from Canada to Mali.People there think about food and protect the environment at the same time.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国的一个小镇自己种植食物，开放采摘，保护环境，并且引起了很多小镇效仿的故事。

1．to grow　it is important to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事很重要”。故填to grow。

2．is used　根据A small town in England is teaching the world可知，文章是讲现在的事，所以时态用一般现在时；主语Any open space为不可数名词，和use构成被动关系。故填is used。

3．for　for free为固定搭配，意为“免费的”。故填for。

4．saying　动词say和逻辑主语sign构成主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填saying。

5．completely　修饰动词change应用副词。故填completely。

6．which　空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为A new town，且从句中缺少主语。故填which。

7．but/yet　前文讲“许多人知道我们必须改变”，后文讲“我们如何做到是一个问题”，前后句意构成转折关系。故填but或yet。

8．villagers　villager(村民)为可数名词，所以all后面应用复数。故填villagers。

9．became　根据上文的one day可知，此处是讲过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填became。

10．more　根据than可知，此处应用比较级。故填more。