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第二讲 单词词性和构词法学习-专项习题带答案 高一英语
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这是一份第二讲 单词词性和构词法学习-专项习题带答案 高一英语，共11页。
第二讲 单词词性和构词法学习【学习目标】1．区分清楚高考考纲要求的常考单词词性：名词，动词，形容词、副词、连词、介词、冠词、数词等。2．了解单词构词法，能够通过已知单词推测长难生词。单词词性讲解高中常见十大词性英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。1 名词 noun n. student 学生 2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 numeral num. three 三 7 介词 preposition prep. at 在... 8 连词 conjunction conj. and 和 9 冠词 article art. a 一个 10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。 1.名词(表示人或物名称的词) 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 . 专有名词是某个（些）人，地方,机构等专有的名称，如Beijing, China, the United States,等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。 (普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如: gun 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如: group 注：(以上两类属于可数名词) 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如: air 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如: work 注：(以上两类属于不可数名词)2.代词(代替名词的词)代词可以分为下列九类： 1）人称代词：They are my school mates. 2）物主代词：Our friends have great concern for each other. 3）反身代词：Take good care of yourselves. 4）相互代词：We should help each other. 5）指示代词：Who are these people? 6）疑问代词：What are you doing? 7）关系代词：She married Tony Harper, who is a student too. 8）连接代词：Do you know who did it? 9）不定代词：Do you know anything about it? 代词是非常活跃的词，特别是不定代词，比较复杂，我们要熟练掌握。3.形容词 (修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词) 形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot ,good ,wonderful等. 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid, alone等 . 4.副词(主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子) 说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。1) 时间副词: soon, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now, etc.2) 地点副词: here, there, over, away, along, outside, in the west, etc.3) 程度副词: very, quite, rather, a little, a bit, much, etc.4) 方式副词: beautifully, reluctantly, well, happily, hard, etc. 5) 频度副词: often, frequently, always, usually, rarely, etc.5.动词（动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词）例如：run；work；sleep，等 动词的分类 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。如：We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是实义动词) We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词) I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) She was beaten on the way home. (was是助动词) You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词) 实义动词的分类： 1）及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语，实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词(vt. ) 后面要跟宾语，不及物动词(vi. ) 不跟宾语。如： They study hard. (study后没有宾语，是不及物动词) I know them well. (know后有宾语them，是及物动词) 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词. 如：She sings very well. （sing是不及物动词） She sang an English song just now. (sing是及物动词) 2）延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续，实义动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如:rain, live, work, learn是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, 是非延续性动词。 注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。 如：[译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago.6.数词(表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。)一、基数词 基数词写法和读法二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式： first—1st second—2nd thirty-first—31st三、数词的用法 1）倍数表示法 2）分数表示法7.介词(介词是什么? 指介乎于词与词、词与句之间，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。)按结构英语介词可分为3类： 1）简单介词（约有70个),如：in, at, on, by, with, for, beside, along, across等。 2）分词介词（约15个）如：during, following, considering, judging, talking等 3）成语介词 （约有500个）如: out of, apart from, because of, by means of等。按意义英语介词可分为3类： 1）时间介词，如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2）地点介词, 如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, 3）其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, 英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词,动名词或句子构成介宾结构等. 8.连词 (是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。) 连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 1）并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and) then等等。判断改错： They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. 2）从属连词经常引导一个从句, 如: when ,where, because, if , as, 等。如：I can’t remember the thing that / which he told me. I can’t remember what he told me. 9、冠词 英语中只有三个词：a\an (不定冠词) the (定冠词)，简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。冠词也不能单独做主语宾语等等什么啦，只能和其他词类（主要是名词、偶尔是数词、形容词）结合作句子成分。10、感叹词主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情，比如：oh、ah、 well 等，这一词类在十大词类中并不重要，了解即可。【基础练习】根据对词类的概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类： 1 deep 2 finger 3 fly 4 papers 5 pass 6 refuse 7 size 8 spoon 9 delicious 10 thick 11 town 12 map 13 myself 14 and 15 on 16 sheep 17 ship 18 mine 19 important 20 an 21 catch 22 first 23 laugh 24 third 25 leave 26 here 27 fly 28 home 29 round 30 sing 31 blind 32 but 33 eighth 34 about 35 bad 36 yours 37 child 38 against 39 ah 40 with 41 cinema 42 Tuesday 43 cheap 44 advice 45 two 46 they 47 able 48 for 49 say 50 quickly 51 if 根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。 1 scientist 2 singer 3 conversation 4 beautiful 5 loudly 6 famous 7 government 8 dangerous 9 instruction 10 careful 11 lively 12 safeties 13 national 14 traditional 15 illnesses 16 wonderful 17 competitions 18 information 19 successful 20 natural 21 honesty 22 lovely 23 really 24 friendly 25 usually 26 yearly 27 advertisement 28. agricultural 答案： n n n adj adv adj n adj n adj adj n adj adj n adj n n adj adj n adj advAdj adv adj n adj 三） 判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。 1. Mary dances well. 2. Think well before you act. 3. Well, I didn't think to see you here! 4. I'm not well, my head aches. 5. Water wells from a spring beneath the rock. 6. An oil well blew out in the North Sea. 7. He struck a match and lit his cigarette. 8. The wallpaper and paint match pretty well. 9. His latest film doesn't match his previous ones. 10. Our side beat the other in the match. 答案解析： adv adv adv adj n n n vi vt n（主要词性思维导图1）（词性思维导图2）单词构词法讲解英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。(1) 合成形容词(2)合成动词(3)合成名词(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, 二、派生 Derivation前缀后缀 注意： -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领【基础练习】 1. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________（die） is heavier than Mount Tai. death2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________(long). length3. How________ (fool) he is! foolish4.The black people were against slavery and fought for their ________(free) bravely.freedom5. What you said sounded________(reason) but in fact it was untrue. reasonable6.One thing you should do is to _____(large) your vocabulary. enlarge 7.________ (honest)speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose. Honestly 8. Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from_____ (legal) drugs. illegal9. As he tried to read a map, he drove off the road into a river ______ (luck) unluckily10. Thunder and lightning happen ______________ (simultaneous). simultaneously11.The weather was good except for an _________ (occasion) shower. occasional12. The big earthquake made thousands of people ________(home). homeless13. I'm very careful not to give out my ________ (person) information. personal14. To his______(puzzle), his son was ___(happy) hammering dents(凹痕) into the shiny paint of the truck. puzzled happily15. While your IQ tells you how ______ (intelligence) you are, …… intelligent16. Diet and exercise are __________(equal) important. equally17. I felt a great sense of ___________（achieve）when I reached the top of the mountain. achievement18. The police successfully arrested Richard Matt , who was one of the country’s most wanted __________（crime）. criminals19. My _________(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook within easy reach. suggestion20.The police were interviewing the 30 museum __________(employ) empolyers21. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise) noisily22. The boy had the _______ of being half starved. (appear) appearance 23. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple) simplify 24. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy) heavily 25. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent) inventor inventions26. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign） foreigners27. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy) satisfactory28. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate) operation 29. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest) honesty 30. The police have _______ a plot against the President. (discover) discovered 副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词，不过只有少量的单词（likely fiendly lovely lonely weekly monthly yearly ）英语用词里介词也属于难缠的一个。因为它涉及方面广，而且变化多端，往往令人捉摸不定，记起来很麻烦。大部份介词都不难理解，都是与形容词、不及物动词构成固定搭配。比较令人头痛的只是下列几个at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with其中又以 at, by, in, on 为四大“要犯"！学习介词就是要抓住这几"要犯"! 还要提醒你的是介词同名词“关系”最好，是“铁” 哥们，所以往往你见到介词的地方你就会见到名词,而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往在一起，那就是冠词，他们三个形成一个“小集团”。方式例词1形容词＋形容词red-hot2形容词＋名词first-class, full-time, part-time3形容词＋现在分词good-looking, free-thinking, 4形容词＋过去分词ready-made5形容词＋名词-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded6名词＋名词-ediron-willed7名词＋形容词world-famous, day-long 8名词＋现在分词beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, 9名词＋过去分词man-made, water-covered, 10副词＋形容词ever-green11副词＋现在分词hard-working, far-seeing12副词＋过去分词well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known13数词＋名词five-year14数词＋名词+形容词five-year-old15数词＋名词-edfour-legged, six-storied 构成方式例词1名词＋动词day-dream2副词＋动词overcome, upturn翻起3形容词＋动词white-wash构成方式例词1名词＋名词horseback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2形容词＋名词back-yard, forehead, 3动名词＋名词hiding place, reading-room4动词＋副词get-off, break in, 5副词＋动词output, overflow前缀含义例词a-处在……arise, aside, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagreeun-不做相反动作unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-im-ir-il-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical, non-不，非non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方向发展Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings, misunderstand, misfortunere重复，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-educationex以前的Ex-husband, ex-presidenttele远程telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket, superpower, under-在……之下underline, underestimate, underground, inter-相互，之间international, interact, inter-changesub-下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形), translatevice-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi两个bicycle, biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-national, multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre, kilogram 后 缀例 词名词-erfarmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater-essactress, waitress, princess, hostess-orconductor, sailor, transistor, operator, -arbeggar-eseChinese, Portuguese, Japanese-ianmusician, Egyptian, physician-istscientist, dentist, communist, socialist, -ent/-antassistant -mentargument, judgment, government-nesshappiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness-tiondictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention-ingbuilding, wedding, painting-shipleadership, friendship, hardship-ageshortage, marriage, leakage-tyloyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty-thtruth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth-anceacceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance-encedependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence-fulmouthful, handful, plateful, -alrefusal, denial, arrival-ydifficulty, possibility, -domfreedom, wisdom, kingdom-ismsocialism, materialism后 缀例 词形容词-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-anEuropean, American, Australian-erneastern, northern, southern-ablereasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sensible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ishchildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, collective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous, famous, continuous, serious, various-aryimaginary, revolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant, significant, observant, important-entdiligent, silent, excellent, frequent -lylively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish后 缀例 词动词-izerealize, modernize, mechanize, criticize, -enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify, 后 缀例 词副词-ward(s)forward, northward, backward, downward-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly
第二讲 单词词性和构词法学习【学习目标】1．区分清楚高考考纲要求的常考单词词性：名词，动词，形容词、副词、连词、介词、冠词、数词等。2．了解单词构词法，能够通过已知单词推测长难生词。单词词性讲解高中常见十大词性英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。1 名词 noun n. student 学生 2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 numeral num. three 三 7 介词 preposition prep. at 在... 8 连词 conjunction conj. and 和 9 冠词 article art. a 一个 10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。 1.名词(表示人或物名称的词) 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 . 专有名词是某个（些）人，地方,机构等专有的名称，如Beijing, China, the United States,等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。 (普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如: gun 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如: group 注：(以上两类属于可数名词) 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如: air 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如: work 注：(以上两类属于不可数名词)2.代词(代替名词的词)代词可以分为下列九类： 1）人称代词：They are my school mates. 2）物主代词：Our friends have great concern for each other. 3）反身代词：Take good care of yourselves. 4）相互代词：We should help each other. 5）指示代词：Who are these people? 6）疑问代词：What are you doing? 7）关系代词：She married Tony Harper, who is a student too. 8）连接代词：Do you know who did it? 9）不定代词：Do you know anything about it? 代词是非常活跃的词，特别是不定代词，比较复杂，我们要熟练掌握。3.形容词 (修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词) 形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot ,good ,wonderful等. 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid, alone等 . 4.副词(主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子) 说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。1) 时间副词: soon, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now, etc.2) 地点副词: here, there, over, away, along, outside, in the west, etc.3) 程度副词: very, quite, rather, a little, a bit, much, etc.4) 方式副词: beautifully, reluctantly, well, happily, hard, etc. 5) 频度副词: often, frequently, always, usually, rarely, etc.5.动词（动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词）例如：run；work；sleep，等 动词的分类 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。如：We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是实义动词) We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词) I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) She was beaten on the way home. (was是助动词) You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词) 实义动词的分类： 1）及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语，实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词(vt. ) 后面要跟宾语，不及物动词(vi. ) 不跟宾语。如： They study hard. (study后没有宾语，是不及物动词) I know them well. (know后有宾语them，是及物动词) 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词. 如：She sings very well. （sing是不及物动词） She sang an English song just now. (sing是及物动词) 2）延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续，实义动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如:rain, live, work, learn是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, 是非延续性动词。 注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。 如：[译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago.6.数词(表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。)一、基数词 基数词写法和读法二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式： first—1st second—2nd thirty-first—31st三、数词的用法 1）倍数表示法 2）分数表示法7.介词(介词是什么? 指介乎于词与词、词与句之间，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。)按结构英语介词可分为3类： 1）简单介词（约有70个),如：in, at, on, by, with, for, beside, along, across等。 2）分词介词（约15个）如：during, following, considering, judging, talking等 3）成语介词 （约有500个）如: out of, apart from, because of, by means of等。按意义英语介词可分为3类： 1）时间介词，如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2）地点介词, 如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, 3）其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, 英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词,动名词或句子构成介宾结构等. 8.连词 (是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。) 连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 1）并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and) then等等。判断改错： They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. 2）从属连词经常引导一个从句, 如: when ,where, because, if , as, 等。如：I can’t remember the thing that / which he told me. I can’t remember what he told me. 9、冠词 英语中只有三个词：a\an (不定冠词) the (定冠词)，简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。冠词也不能单独做主语宾语等等什么啦，只能和其他词类（主要是名词、偶尔是数词、形容词）结合作句子成分。10、感叹词主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情，比如：oh、ah、 well 等，这一词类在十大词类中并不重要，了解即可。【基础练习】根据对词类的概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类： 1 deep 2 finger 3 fly 4 papers 5 pass 6 refuse 7 size 8 spoon 9 delicious 10 thick 11 town 12 map 13 myself 14 and 15 on 16 sheep 17 ship 18 mine 19 important 20 an 21 catch 22 first 23 laugh 24 third 25 leave 26 here 27 fly 28 home 29 round 30 sing 31 blind 32 but 33 eighth 34 about 35 bad 36 yours 37 child 38 against 39 ah 40 with 41 cinema 42 Tuesday 43 cheap 44 advice 45 two 46 they 47 able 48 for 49 say 50 quickly 51 if 根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。 1 scientist 2 singer 3 conversation 4 beautiful 5 loudly 6 famous 7 government 8 dangerous 9 instruction 10 careful 11 lively 12 safeties 13 national 14 traditional 15 illnesses 16 wonderful 17 competitions 18 information 19 successful 20 natural 21 honesty 22 lovely 23 really 24 friendly 25 usually 26 yearly 27 advertisement 28. agricultural 答案： n n n adj adv adj n adj n adj adj n adj adj n adj n n adj adj n adj advAdj adv adj n adj 三） 判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。 1. Mary dances well. 2. Think well before you act. 3. Well, I didn't think to see you here! 4. I'm not well, my head aches. 5. Water wells from a spring beneath the rock. 6. An oil well blew out in the North Sea. 7. He struck a match and lit his cigarette. 8. The wallpaper and paint match pretty well. 9. His latest film doesn't match his previous ones. 10. Our side beat the other in the match. 答案解析： adv adv adv adj n n n vi vt n（主要词性思维导图1）（词性思维导图2）单词构词法讲解英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。(1) 合成形容词(2)合成动词(3)合成名词(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, 二、派生 Derivation前缀后缀 注意： -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领【基础练习】 1. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________（die） is heavier than Mount Tai. death2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________(long). length3. How________ (fool) he is! foolish4.The black people were against slavery and fought for their ________(free) bravely.freedom5. What you said sounded________(reason) but in fact it was untrue. reasonable6.One thing you should do is to _____(large) your vocabulary. enlarge 7.________ (honest)speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose. Honestly 8. Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from_____ (legal) drugs. illegal9. As he tried to read a map, he drove off the road into a river ______ (luck) unluckily10. Thunder and lightning happen ______________ (simultaneous). simultaneously11.The weather was good except for an _________ (occasion) shower. occasional12. The big earthquake made thousands of people ________(home). homeless13. I'm very careful not to give out my ________ (person) information. personal14. To his______(puzzle), his son was ___(happy) hammering dents(凹痕) into the shiny paint of the truck. puzzled happily15. While your IQ tells you how ______ (intelligence) you are, …… intelligent16. Diet and exercise are __________(equal) important. equally17. I felt a great sense of ___________（achieve）when I reached the top of the mountain. achievement18. The police successfully arrested Richard Matt , who was one of the country’s most wanted __________（crime）. criminals19. My _________(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook within easy reach. suggestion20.The police were interviewing the 30 museum __________(employ) empolyers21. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise) noisily22. The boy had the _______ of being half starved. (appear) appearance 23. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple) simplify 24. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy) heavily 25. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent) inventor inventions26. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign） foreigners27. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy) satisfactory28. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate) operation 29. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest) honesty 30. The police have _______ a plot against the President. (discover) discovered 副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词，不过只有少量的单词（likely fiendly lovely lonely weekly monthly yearly ）英语用词里介词也属于难缠的一个。因为它涉及方面广，而且变化多端，往往令人捉摸不定，记起来很麻烦。大部份介词都不难理解，都是与形容词、不及物动词构成固定搭配。比较令人头痛的只是下列几个at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with其中又以 at, by, in, on 为四大“要犯"！学习介词就是要抓住这几"要犯"! 还要提醒你的是介词同名词“关系”最好，是“铁” 哥们，所以往往你见到介词的地方你就会见到名词,而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往在一起，那就是冠词，他们三个形成一个“小集团”。方式例词1形容词＋形容词red-hot2形容词＋名词first-class, full-time, part-time3形容词＋现在分词good-looking, free-thinking, 4形容词＋过去分词ready-made5形容词＋名词-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded6名词＋名词-ediron-willed7名词＋形容词world-famous, day-long 8名词＋现在分词beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, 9名词＋过去分词man-made, water-covered, 10副词＋形容词ever-green11副词＋现在分词hard-working, far-seeing12副词＋过去分词well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known13数词＋名词five-year14数词＋名词+形容词five-year-old15数词＋名词-edfour-legged, six-storied 构成方式例词1名词＋动词day-dream2副词＋动词overcome, upturn翻起3形容词＋动词white-wash构成方式例词1名词＋名词horseback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2形容词＋名词back-yard, forehead, 3动名词＋名词hiding place, reading-room4动词＋副词get-off, break in, 5副词＋动词output, overflow前缀含义例词a-处在……arise, aside, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagreeun-不做相反动作unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-im-ir-il-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical, non-不，非non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方向发展Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings, misunderstand, misfortunere重复，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-educationex以前的Ex-husband, ex-presidenttele远程telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket, superpower, under-在……之下underline, underestimate, underground, inter-相互，之间international, interact, inter-changesub-下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形), translatevice-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi两个bicycle, biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-national, multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre, kilogram 后 缀例 词名词-erfarmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater-essactress, waitress, princess, hostess-orconductor, sailor, transistor, operator, -arbeggar-eseChinese, Portuguese, Japanese-ianmusician, Egyptian, physician-istscientist, dentist, communist, socialist, -ent/-antassistant -mentargument, judgment, government-nesshappiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness-tiondictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention-ingbuilding, wedding, painting-shipleadership, friendship, hardship-ageshortage, marriage, leakage-tyloyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty-thtruth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth-anceacceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance-encedependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence-fulmouthful, handful, plateful, -alrefusal, denial, arrival-ydifficulty, possibility, -domfreedom, wisdom, kingdom-ismsocialism, materialism后 缀例 词形容词-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-anEuropean, American, Australian-erneastern, northern, southern-ablereasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sensible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ishchildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, collective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous, famous, continuous, serious, various-aryimaginary, revolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant, significant, observant, important-entdiligent, silent, excellent, frequent -lylively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish后 缀例 词动词-izerealize, modernize, mechanize, criticize, -enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify, 后 缀例 词副词-ward(s)forward, northward, backward, downward-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly
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