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外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Friends forever学案
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这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Friends forever学案，共7页。学案主要包含了语法图解，语法突破等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Grammar——定语从句(1)
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．定语从句概述
本单元主要学习由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
2．关系代词的基本用法
(1)wh指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
He is the man wh wn first prize in the cmpetitin.
他就是在这次比赛中获得第一名的男子。
Is this the girl (wh) yu talked f in yur letter?
她就是你在信中谈及的那个女孩吗？
(2)whm指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用wh代替。
The by (whm) the teacher ften praises is their mnitr.
老师常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
(3)whse既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
I knw the persn whse huse was destryed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
He lives in a rm whse windw faces nrth.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
[即时演练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist whse paintings were almst lifelike.
②I was amazed at the number f peple wh visited the Frbidden City n Saturday.
③(2020·天津7月高考)Dr.Rwan, whse secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
④The prfessr wh/whm yu wish t see has gne abrad.
⑤The bys wh are playing ftball are n the playgrund.
(4)which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
Basketball is a game which is liked by mst peple.
篮球是大多数人所喜欢的运动。
The dictinary (which) I bught last week is very useful.
我上周买的词典很有用。
(5)that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。
The number f peple that cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
The managers discussed the plan that will be carried ut the next year.
经理们讨论了将于明年执行的那项计划。(that指物，作主语)
This is a place (that) all f us are eager t visit.
这是一个我们大家都十分想参观的地方。(that指物，作宾语)
(6)as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如，像”。
限制性定语从句中，先行词被such和the same修饰，从句都用as引导；非限制性定语从句中，as代指整个主句，意为“正如，像”。
Such bks as yu bught are useful.
你买的那类书很有用。
The schl is just the same as it was 10 years ag.
这所学校和10年前一样。
As is knwn t all, he is the best student in ur class.
众所周知，他是我们班最好的学生。
[名师点津] (1)关系代词that可以指人，也可以指物，可与关系词which/wh/whm互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语；
(2)作宾语时wh与whm可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whm；whm在从句中不作主语；
(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)；
(4)such ...与such ...，the same ...与the same ...的区别：
①such ...，as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；such ...，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分；
②the same ...与the same ...都可以引导定语从句，as表示同一类，that表示同一个。
3．关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all, little, much, few, nne, anything, smething, everything, nthing等不定代词时。
Have yu taken dwn everything that Mr Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be dne has been dne.
所有能做的都做了。
(2)当先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。
That's the nly thing that we can d nw.
那是我们目前唯一能做的事。
(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(4)主句是以which, wh, what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Wh is the man that is standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the Tshirt that fits me mst?
哪件T恤衫最适合我？
(5)当先行词中既有人，又有物时。
We ften talk abut the persns and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
Lk at the man and his dnkey that are walking up the street.
瞧瞧沿街走来的那个人和他的毛驴。
[即时演练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum which/that pened in 1759.
②(2020·浙江7月高考)Sme time after 10000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld that/which they lived in, thrugh agriculture.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I eat all the fd that is prvided by Mm with appreciatin.
④Nw all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.
⑤Yu've made the same mistake as yu made last time.
1．inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
(教材P41)Her ideas are always inspiring.
她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。
(1)inspire v．激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspire sb.t d sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
(3)inspiratin n. 灵感；鼓舞；鼓舞人心的人或事物
(经典佳句)Lucy is a smart girl, whse ideas are always inspiring.
露西是个机灵的姑娘，她的想法总是鼓舞人心。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jennifer is a firstgeneratin graduate and an inspiratin (inspire) t her family.
②David brught us a very meaningful and inspiring(inspire) game.
③Inspired (inspire) by the memry f his mther, he cmpsed many wnderful pieces f music.
[写美] 句式升级
④Yur cnstant encuragement inspired me t be cnfident.
→It was yur cnstant encuragement that inspired me t be cnfident.(改为强调句)
2．cmfrt n．安慰，慰藉
(教材P42) glass f cmfrt, tw drps f patience, ne bag f passin ...
……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情……
(1)in cmfrt舒适地；放松地
be a cmfrt t 对……是一种安慰
(2)cmfrt v. 安慰
cmfrt sb.fr sth. 因某事安慰某人
cmfrt neself with sth. 用某事来自我安慰
(3)cmfrtable adj. 安慰的；舒适的
(经典佳句)The letters that peple wrte after his death gave me a lt f cmfrt.
他去世后人们写来的信给了我极大的安慰。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①She was a cmfrt t her ld father.
②Yu can visit here in the early mrning r late afternn fr the mst cmfrtable (cmfrt) weather.
③He lived in cmfrt all his life.
[写美] 补全句子
④因为他蒙受了巨大损失，他的朋友们都来安慰他。
His friends came t cmfrt him fr his suffering heavy lsses.
3．patience n．耐心
(1)with patience耐心地
lse ne's patience 失去耐心
(2)patient adj. 耐心的；能忍受的
n. 病人
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
be patient f sth. 忍受/忍耐某事
(3)patiently adv. 耐心地
(经典佳句)Making smallscale mdels requires a great deal f patience.
做小型模型需要极大的耐心。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Yu have t have a lt f patience (patient) when yu're dealing with kids.
②Teachers ught t be patient with students.
补全句子
③最后我失去了耐心，对她大吼起来。
In the end I lst my patience and shuted at her.
[写美] 一句多译
酒店员工必须耐心地对待客人的埋怨。
④Htel staff shuld handle cmplaints frm guests with patience.
⑤Htel staff shuld handle cmplaints frm guests patiently.
4．anxius adj.焦虑的；不安的
(教材P42)the ability t wait withut becming anxius r angry
一种在没有焦虑或生气的情况下等待的能力
(1)be anxius abut sth. 为某事担心/担忧
be anxius fr sth./t d sth. 渴望某事/做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiusly adv. 焦急地；忧虑地；渴望地
(经典佳句)The drught has made farmers anxius abut the harvest.
这场旱灾使农民们因担心收成而焦虑不安。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He is anxiusly (anxius) waiting fr the result f the medical tests.
②These students were anxius t knw (knw) the results f the exam.
[写美] 一句多译
我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。
③We waited with anxiety fr the news f her safe arrival.
④We waited anxiusly fr the news f her safe arrival.
[巧学助记] My daughter studies very hard, because she is anxius t g t cllege.But she is anxius abut nt passing the Cllege Entrance Examinatin.I am really anxius that she can get rid f anxiety.
我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。但她又担心不能通过高考。我真希望她能够消除忧虑。
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．I live next dr t a cuple whse children ften make a lt f nise.
2．When facing hardships, nly thse wh/that are cnfident will achieve success.
3．We'll reach the sales targets in a mnth which/that we set at the beginning f the year.
4．I wish t thank Prfessr Brwn，withut whse help I wuld never have gt this.
5．I get alng well with the by wh/that des well in maths.
6．D yu knw the lady that/whm/wh ur English teacher is talking t nw?
7．We're cllecting mney fr thse whse hmes were destryed by the hurricane (飓风)．
8．I visited the schl yesterday which/that was built fifty years ag.
9．The girl wh/that is speaking t the headmaster is ur mnitr.
10．I missed the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents thught highly f.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．我的确有几条建议需要你注意。
I d have a few suggestins which/that yu shuld pay attentin t.
2．那个在大火中被毁坏了屋顶的房子是我祖父母的。
The huse whse rf was damaged in the big fire belngs t my grandparents.
3．上周我们讨论了如何帮助那个重病住院的学生。
Last week we discussed hw t help the student wh/that was seriusly ill in hspital.
4．在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。
In senir high schl yu will study mre curses which/that are different frm yur junir middle schl curses.
5．你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。
Yu can als share yur unhappy things with smebdy whm/wh/that yu trust and listen t their suggestins.
6．这是他读的第一本书。
This is the first bk that he has read.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
根据提示，用定语从句完成下面短文
Friendship is 1.a thing that can bring happiness t peple(一种给人带来幸福的事物)．Friendship is 2.ne f the mst imprtant things that peple shuld have (人们应该拥有的最重要的事物之一)．Peple shuld make friends with 3.thse whse attitude is psitive (态度积极的那些人)．A real friend is 4.a persn wh/that helps yu when yu are in truble (在你困难时帮助你的人)．They are 5.thse wh/that share happiness and srrw with yu (和你同甘共苦的人)．They are brave t pint ut 6.the mistakes that/which can affect yur future (影响你未来的错误)．
定
语
从
句
定义
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句
关系词
关系代词
wh, whm, whse, which, that, as
关系副词
when, where, why
类型
分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
Grammar——定语从句(1)
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．定语从句概述
本单元主要学习由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
2．关系代词的基本用法
(1)wh指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
He is the man wh wn first prize in the cmpetitin.
他就是在这次比赛中获得第一名的男子。
Is this the girl (wh) yu talked f in yur letter?
她就是你在信中谈及的那个女孩吗？
(2)whm指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用wh代替。
The by (whm) the teacher ften praises is their mnitr.
老师常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
(3)whse既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
I knw the persn whse huse was destryed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
He lives in a rm whse windw faces nrth.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
[即时演练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist whse paintings were almst lifelike.
②I was amazed at the number f peple wh visited the Frbidden City n Saturday.
③(2020·天津7月高考)Dr.Rwan, whse secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
④The prfessr wh/whm yu wish t see has gne abrad.
⑤The bys wh are playing ftball are n the playgrund.
(4)which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
Basketball is a game which is liked by mst peple.
篮球是大多数人所喜欢的运动。
The dictinary (which) I bught last week is very useful.
我上周买的词典很有用。
(5)that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。
The number f peple that cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
The managers discussed the plan that will be carried ut the next year.
经理们讨论了将于明年执行的那项计划。(that指物，作主语)
This is a place (that) all f us are eager t visit.
这是一个我们大家都十分想参观的地方。(that指物，作宾语)
(6)as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如，像”。
限制性定语从句中，先行词被such和the same修饰，从句都用as引导；非限制性定语从句中，as代指整个主句，意为“正如，像”。
Such bks as yu bught are useful.
你买的那类书很有用。
The schl is just the same as it was 10 years ag.
这所学校和10年前一样。
As is knwn t all, he is the best student in ur class.
众所周知，他是我们班最好的学生。
[名师点津] (1)关系代词that可以指人，也可以指物，可与关系词which/wh/whm互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语；
(2)作宾语时wh与whm可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whm；whm在从句中不作主语；
(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)；
(4)such ...与such ...，the same ...与the same ...的区别：
①such ...，as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；such ...，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分；
②the same ...与the same ...都可以引导定语从句，as表示同一类，that表示同一个。
3．关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all, little, much, few, nne, anything, smething, everything, nthing等不定代词时。
Have yu taken dwn everything that Mr Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be dne has been dne.
所有能做的都做了。
(2)当先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。
That's the nly thing that we can d nw.
那是我们目前唯一能做的事。
(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(4)主句是以which, wh, what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Wh is the man that is standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the Tshirt that fits me mst?
哪件T恤衫最适合我？
(5)当先行词中既有人，又有物时。
We ften talk abut the persns and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
Lk at the man and his dnkey that are walking up the street.
瞧瞧沿街走来的那个人和他的毛驴。
[即时演练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum which/that pened in 1759.
②(2020·浙江7月高考)Sme time after 10000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld that/which they lived in, thrugh agriculture.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I eat all the fd that is prvided by Mm with appreciatin.
④Nw all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.
⑤Yu've made the same mistake as yu made last time.
1．inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
(教材P41)Her ideas are always inspiring.
她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。
(1)inspire v．激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspire sb.t d sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
(3)inspiratin n. 灵感；鼓舞；鼓舞人心的人或事物
(经典佳句)Lucy is a smart girl, whse ideas are always inspiring.
露西是个机灵的姑娘，她的想法总是鼓舞人心。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Jennifer is a firstgeneratin graduate and an inspiratin (inspire) t her family.
②David brught us a very meaningful and inspiring(inspire) game.
③Inspired (inspire) by the memry f his mther, he cmpsed many wnderful pieces f music.
[写美] 句式升级
④Yur cnstant encuragement inspired me t be cnfident.
→It was yur cnstant encuragement that inspired me t be cnfident.(改为强调句)
2．cmfrt n．安慰，慰藉
(教材P42) glass f cmfrt, tw drps f patience, ne bag f passin ...
……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情……
(1)in cmfrt舒适地；放松地
be a cmfrt t 对……是一种安慰
(2)cmfrt v. 安慰
cmfrt sb.fr sth. 因某事安慰某人
cmfrt neself with sth. 用某事来自我安慰
(3)cmfrtable adj. 安慰的；舒适的
(经典佳句)The letters that peple wrte after his death gave me a lt f cmfrt.
他去世后人们写来的信给了我极大的安慰。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①She was a cmfrt t her ld father.
②Yu can visit here in the early mrning r late afternn fr the mst cmfrtable (cmfrt) weather.
③He lived in cmfrt all his life.
[写美] 补全句子
④因为他蒙受了巨大损失，他的朋友们都来安慰他。
His friends came t cmfrt him fr his suffering heavy lsses.
3．patience n．耐心
(1)with patience耐心地
lse ne's patience 失去耐心
(2)patient adj. 耐心的；能忍受的
n. 病人
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
be patient f sth. 忍受/忍耐某事
(3)patiently adv. 耐心地
(经典佳句)Making smallscale mdels requires a great deal f patience.
做小型模型需要极大的耐心。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Yu have t have a lt f patience (patient) when yu're dealing with kids.
②Teachers ught t be patient with students.
补全句子
③最后我失去了耐心，对她大吼起来。
In the end I lst my patience and shuted at her.
[写美] 一句多译
酒店员工必须耐心地对待客人的埋怨。
④Htel staff shuld handle cmplaints frm guests with patience.
⑤Htel staff shuld handle cmplaints frm guests patiently.
4．anxius adj.焦虑的；不安的
(教材P42)the ability t wait withut becming anxius r angry
一种在没有焦虑或生气的情况下等待的能力
(1)be anxius abut sth. 为某事担心/担忧
be anxius fr sth./t d sth. 渴望某事/做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiusly adv. 焦急地；忧虑地；渴望地
(经典佳句)The drught has made farmers anxius abut the harvest.
这场旱灾使农民们因担心收成而焦虑不安。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He is anxiusly (anxius) waiting fr the result f the medical tests.
②These students were anxius t knw (knw) the results f the exam.
[写美] 一句多译
我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。
③We waited with anxiety fr the news f her safe arrival.
④We waited anxiusly fr the news f her safe arrival.
[巧学助记] My daughter studies very hard, because she is anxius t g t cllege.But she is anxius abut nt passing the Cllege Entrance Examinatin.I am really anxius that she can get rid f anxiety.
我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。但她又担心不能通过高考。我真希望她能够消除忧虑。
维度一 基础题型练
单句语法填空
1．I live next dr t a cuple whse children ften make a lt f nise.
2．When facing hardships, nly thse wh/that are cnfident will achieve success.
3．We'll reach the sales targets in a mnth which/that we set at the beginning f the year.
4．I wish t thank Prfessr Brwn，withut whse help I wuld never have gt this.
5．I get alng well with the by wh/that des well in maths.
6．D yu knw the lady that/whm/wh ur English teacher is talking t nw?
7．We're cllecting mney fr thse whse hmes were destryed by the hurricane (飓风)．
8．I visited the schl yesterday which/that was built fifty years ag.
9．The girl wh/that is speaking t the headmaster is ur mnitr.
10．I missed the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents thught highly f.
维度二 语法与写作
补全句子
1．我的确有几条建议需要你注意。
I d have a few suggestins which/that yu shuld pay attentin t.
2．那个在大火中被毁坏了屋顶的房子是我祖父母的。
The huse whse rf was damaged in the big fire belngs t my grandparents.
3．上周我们讨论了如何帮助那个重病住院的学生。
Last week we discussed hw t help the student wh/that was seriusly ill in hspital.
4．在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。
In senir high schl yu will study mre curses which/that are different frm yur junir middle schl curses.
5．你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。
Yu can als share yur unhappy things with smebdy whm/wh/that yu trust and listen t their suggestins.
6．这是他读的第一本书。
This is the first bk that he has read.
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
根据提示，用定语从句完成下面短文
Friendship is 1.a thing that can bring happiness t peple(一种给人带来幸福的事物)．Friendship is 2.ne f the mst imprtant things that peple shuld have (人们应该拥有的最重要的事物之一)．Peple shuld make friends with 3.thse whse attitude is psitive (态度积极的那些人)．A real friend is 4.a persn wh/that helps yu when yu are in truble (在你困难时帮助你的人)．They are 5.thse wh/that share happiness and srrw with yu (和你同甘共苦的人)．They are brave t pint ut 6.the mistakes that/which can affect yur future (影响你未来的错误)．
定
语
从
句
定义
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句
关系词
关系代词
wh, whm, whse, which, that, as
关系副词
when, where, why
类型
分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
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