英语Unit 6 At one with nature精品第4课时课时训练

Unit 6 At one with nature

6.4 Presenting ideas 导学案

学习内容

概要写作+读后续写（人与自然和谐相处）

学习目标

1. 语言能力目标

1）通过本节经历感受类写作训练，引导学生正确使用人称、时态；

2）能清楚、恰当地表达题目要点；

3）能使用多样的句式和语法结构。         

2. 情感目标：

通过观察、阅读、模仿范文，写出自己的专属日记和心情。

3. 学习能力目标

注意知识的迁移运用，比如将前面学的基本句子结构应用到自己的实际写作当中。

4. 学习重难点

1）能清楚、恰当地表达写作要点；

2）能使用多样的句式和语法结构。

1. 重点

（1）  了解日记体写作的时态，人称，格式等基本知识；

（2）  进行实际日记写作，描述自己的开学一周。

2. 难点

（1） 阅读范文，从中提炼出写作要点；

（2） 写作规范化。

写作指导

1. 文体特点

概要写作是综合考查考生的阅读能力和写作能力的题型。概要写作的体裁以说明文和议论文为主，主要考查考生把握文章整体结构和概括文章主旨大意的能力，同时考查考生准确获取关键信息以及用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力。考生掌握“概括、重组、成篇——黄金三步法”原则，助你轻松赢高分。

概要写作要求学生对一篇文章进行归纳概括，用简洁的语言总结文章要点。所表达的信息要忠实于原文， 但不可原句照搬。

第一步：读文章——知晓体裁、明确主旨

进行概要写作时，首先要阅读所提供的文章。阅读文章的目的就是要确定文章的体裁和主题。根据近几年浙江高考真题来看，所考查的概要写作原文多是议论文或说明文。如：2019年6月浙江高考的概要写作原文是议论文，主题是父母应表扬孩子做事过程中的努力而非结果。2018年11月浙江高考的概要写作原文是说明文，主题是报考大学之前要进行实地考察。

第二步：析结构——划分段落、确定要点

阅读完概要写作所提供的文章后，应迅速分析一下文章的结构。概要写作类文章的结构多为“总分、分总、总分总或并列结构”，然后把文章的自然段按意义进行划分，确定要写的要点数量(一般为4个要点)，如：2019年6月和2018年11月份的浙江高考的概要写作原文的结构分别是并列式和总分总式，且都是4个段落，都可以确定写4个要点。

第三步：提信息——找主旨句、圈关键词

在分析好文章的结构后，要按照文章的段落找出每一段的主旨句，并圈出一些能体现段落大意的关键词。说明文和议论文的主旨句多在段首或段尾，但也有位于段中或无主旨句的情况。另外，文章的每一段中也可以按主旨信息，主要信息、次要信息和冗余信息来划分，提取信息时，要忽略冗余信息，也就是与主旨无关的一些细节信息。

第四步：拟草稿——逐句分析、高度概括

在找出文章的主旨句和重要信息后，考生须迅速拟定草稿。方法是先逐句分析找出段落主旨句，然后，对这些句子在不改变原义的基础上进行高度概括、同义替换或重构句式。最后，还要注意各个要点之间的衔接和过渡。如：Opinions about whether high school students should open microblogs vary from person to person．可替换为People hold different views about whether high school students should open microblogs.

第五步：酿佳作——修正失误、衔接成文

在拟好概要写作的草稿后，首先要通读一遍，根据语法知识修正所写的概要中可能出现的一些诸如拼写、时态、标点、连接词等方面的错误。其次，根据文章的要义，核实一下所写的要点是否齐全。最后，把草稿清晰、工整地誊写在答题纸上。

1）Read for writing style

2）Read for structure

3）Read for key points

4）Rewrite the key points

5）Polish the summary with linking words

本单元写作的要求是概要写作和读后续写，主题是写关于人与自然和谐相处话题。

为了让读者更好地了解所介绍的动物，一般会描述其外形特点和活动情况，如形状，颜色等。另外也会涉及其基本信息，如栖息地、是否迁徙、以何为食等生活习性，再进一步可以从环保或文化角度介绍，写出在人类文化中的象征含义。写作时注意突出重点。

要求考生在理解一篇不完整故事的基础上，充分调动想象创新思维，大胆预测故事缺失部分的内容走势，进行充满个性色彩的设计，并用英语进行续写表达。所提供短文词数在350左右，划线词语涉及到名词(词组)、动词(词组)、介词(词组)和形容词等，其中，以名词(词组)为主，在续写中至少要使用5个关键词语，需要注意：在使用关键词语时根据时态和语态的需要，可以改变动词的形式，可以改变名词的单复数，但不要改变关键词语在原文中的含义和词性；多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但故事线索的逻辑性比较强。

1.创造性：即发挥想象力，该题型具有一定的开放性，考生需用自己的语言对故事情节进行内容创造；

2.逻辑性：即根据已提供的关键信息，按照可能的合理的方向续写，使文章逻辑结构完整；

3.丰富性：即语言能力的充分体现，词汇句法的准确与复杂程度，细节描写的生动性等都将让故事更加立体饱满。

  教学过程

一、巧用导入句，亮人一眼

1．A survey/An experiment/An invention/A research... finds/discovers/proves/shows...

2．According to a recent survey/experiment/invention...

3．According to experts/specialists/Dr. White...

4．Experts/Specialists/Researchers... say...

5．It is expected that...

6．Hopefully，...

二、改写句子，方法独特

1．同义替换：例如：is good to→benefit；be afraid to do→prevent/discourage...from；too much→excessive(高级词汇)；the same as→likewise(高级词汇)。

2．反义转换：例如：sincere→insincere；encourage→discourage。

3．词性转换：例如：recognize your child→parents' recognition；strongly against→strong opposition。

4．利用介词短语法

We are sure to finish it in time because so many people are helping us.

→With so many people helping us, we are sure to finish it in time.

5．句式变化法

(1)语态变换

It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

→Computers are widely used in the world today.

(2)简单句合并为复合句

The weather turned out to be very good.This was more than we could expect.

→The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.

(3)连词衔接法

He insisted on staying.He was not willing to go.

→He insisted on staying rather than going.

(4)语序改变法

Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the meeting.

→Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.

(5)特殊句式法

(not...but，倒装，there be，etc.)The quality of praise is more important than the quantity.→What matters here isn't quantity but quality.

三、巧用代词连词，概要结构紧凑

写概要第三步：衔接。积累并熟练掌握充当句子内部或者句子之间的逻辑关系的衔接手段。优先考虑使用最短连接词，常见衔接词如下：

转折 but，however，yet，nevertheless

结果 so，thus，therefore，consequently，in fact

原因 because，as，since，for，due to/owing to

对比 instead，likewise，on the contrary

让步 though，as，although，despite

列举 first(ly)，next/later，then，finally/eventually

增补 also，besides，what's more，moreover，furthermore，in addition，above all...

举例 for example，for instance

替代 alternatively

解释 namely，in other words，which means，refer to，that is to say，or rather

目的 assumed to，aim to，mainly deal with，focus on

四、高频词汇高人一头

在概要写作中你可以利用这些词语替换原文中的词汇

五、针对学生易犯错误，写完后自问

1．内容涵盖全部要点了吗？各要点是否独立表述？

2．内容理解正确吗？避开陈述个人观点了吗？

3．用自己的语言(变换词汇及语法结构)组织概要了吗？(严禁整句抄自原文)

4．使用连接成分(代词、连词)使上下文连贯了吗？

5．呈现的是最精简的概要吗？字数多于60词了吗？

注意事项：

1．不能准确抓住要点。概要写作的重点是能概括出要点，如果要点弄错了，那么就失去了目标。如果不能抓住要点，句子写得再好，也不能得分。

2．随意打乱文章的结构。概要写作一般会提供结构比较清楚的文章。而写概要的时候，一般都是按照文章的结构去概括要点。不要轻易打乱文章的结构。

3．各个要点的独立性不够。考试说明对要点的独立性有明确的要求。因此，我们对要点的陈述也要相对独立，一般不要把几个要点放到一个句子当中。

4．照抄原文中的句子。概要写作的独立性除了各个要点的独立之外，其实还要求考生用自己的语言去概括文章，不能直接照抄原文的句子。因此，切记要用自己的语言，而不是原文中的句子来概括要点。

写概要写作时要先读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点，抓关键词，筛选与主旨有关的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的语言知识，对原语篇进行“浓缩”，写出一个新的语篇。而新的语篇，既要做到在语篇结构、语篇衔接和连贯各要素上与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。

 实战应用

四、概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut

down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed (处理)．

There are different kinds of pollutants, each of which comes from different sources. It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to get rid of them. Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution.

The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds—solids, liquid and gas. These pollutants have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so. In fact, pollution is threatening our existence. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man's existence.

We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution; the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and raise their awareness of protecting the environment and so on.

The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government. And laws have been passed to stop pollution, I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.

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四、读后续写

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

(浙江高考)It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.

We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad's friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.

His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.

In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn't going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don't be late for supper，” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don't get lost！” “OK！” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks,  the deep green pine trees,  and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.

注意：

1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1：

Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.

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Paragraph 2：

We had no idea where we were and it got dark.　

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巩固练习

阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

　　A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world ’s people may not have enough water by 2025.

A private American organisation called Population Action International (PAI) did the new study. It says more than three hundred and thirty-five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people are short of water. Eighteen more countries are expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth stays the same.

Mr Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases like cholera that are carried in water.

Lack of water may also lead to more international conflicts. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.

The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

阅读短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

When children can ’t go out for some reasons, they should eat their meals and snacks at home, which means not only adding a new stress (压力)for parents (e. g. ,  a lot more cooking! ),  but also providing a new chance for parents to teach children cooking skills.

Helping children develop an interest in cooking when they ’re young can help them have the valuable life skill that they can carry into adulthood.  Allowing children to help in the kitchen encourages them to learn where food comes from,  and teaches them about nutrition and food safety(e. g. ,  the importance of washing fresh produce with clean water,  or hand-washing before and after helping in the kitchen).  Doing so may also help children overcome picky eating by becoming more accepting of new foods.  What ’s more,  cooking and baking can be fun ways to spend time while bonding with family.

The key is finding tasks that suit children ’s age and ability,  while still guiding and monitoring their progress.  Activities that may attract a preschooler ’s interest in cooking include helping to wash fruits and vegetables and add toppings to a pizza.  Older children can be given tasks such as measuring ingredients into cups or beating eggs.  Proper cooking skills to introduce to the children aged between 8 and 10 include planning a family meal or following a simple recipe(食谱). By ages 10 to 12,  once able to follow kitchen safety rules,  many children can prepare more recipes,  including meatballs,  cookies and cupcakes.

Getting children to take part in kitchen activities may require patience as they learn.  That ’s why it ’s helpful to have some extra time at home.

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