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外研版(2019)必修一~Unit 2-Exploring English单元核心考点归纳
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Unit 2单元核心考点归纳【重点词汇&短语】①The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明十分令人费解。②I think it's a serious mistake to confuse work with life.我认为把工作同生活混为一谈是大错特错。③I love learning new words, but I am confused about how to remember them well.我喜欢学习新单词,但是我对如何记好单词感到困惑不解。④He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question. 他困惑地看着我并没有回答这个问题。①Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.她的面部表情反映出了她的真实感受。②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.我们的报纸力求表达当地人民的心声。③Before I decide, I need time to reflect.在作出决定以前,我需要时间认真考虑。④The manager needed more time to reflect on/upon what to do.经理需要更多的时间来思考做什么。①You could ask the teacher for help when you have trouble/difficulty/problems in learning English. 当你学英语有困难时,你可以向老师寻求帮助。②He said he had trouble/difficulty/problems with the pronunciation.他说他发音有问题。①A number of houses were burnt down in the fire.在火灾中,有许多房子被烧毁了。②Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。③The big fire burned the teaching building to the ground.大火将教学楼烧成平地。①Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。②I came across an old friend in the street yesterday. He said his new book would come out next month. We also talked about the accident that came about that day. The driver came from a poor family. We only hope that the driver can come through it.昨天我在街上碰见一位老朋友。他说他的新书下个月出版。我们还谈到了那天发生的事故。那名司机来自一个贫穷的家庭。我们只希望司机能安然度过这件事。①The more you hurry, the less progress you are likely to make.欲速则不达。②My parents is very likely not to allow me to go.=It is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.我父母很可能不会让我去。③Is it likely/possible/probable that we can finish the task in such a short time?=Is it possible for us to finish the task in such a short time?我们有可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务吗?eq \a\vs4\al(易混辨析:likely, possible, probable)①Let me remind you once again so that you won't forget.我再说一遍,省得你忘了。②Please remind him to start early.请提醒他早点动身。③The pictures reminded me of my school days.这些照片使我想起了学生时代。④Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.请提醒我明早有个重要的会议。①He made no comments on our proposal.他对我们的建议没有作评论。②Users can also offer comments and feedback.用户还可以提出建议和反馈。③I commented on his actions and speech without any prejudice.我评论他的行为和言论丝毫不带偏见。①You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。②The movie is based on/upon the popular novel of the same name.这部电影是以同名人气小说为基础(改编)的。③On the basis of these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.以这些事实为基础,我们能得出以下结论。①He was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him.直到她开口对他说话他才意识到她在场。②In order to raise people's awareness of protecting our environment, we must make people around us aware of the importance of it first.为了增强人们的环保意识,我们必须首先让周围的人意识到它的重要性。【长难句分析】①Neither Dad nor Mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。②Neither of them likes football.他们俩都不喜欢足球。③They didn't go to the park yesterday. Neither/Nor did we.昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。④Neither has he done it, nor will he do it.他没有做过这事,他以后也不会做这事。He fell from a tall tree. That was why he hurt his leg.=He hurt his leg. That was because he fell from a tall tree.=The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree.他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。①Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.我们期盼的时候到了。②There lies a temple near our cottage.在我们小屋附近有一座寺庙。③Under the big tree stand some farmers.大树下站着一些农民。④Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.藏在门后面的是几个顽皮的孩子。【语法归纳-构词法】1.构词法的定义及分类按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、缩略法(Abbreviation)、截短法(Clipping)等。2.构词法讲解(1)转化法英语中,有的动词可作名词,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。名师点津 有些词的词性转化后,词的重音发生变化:export/'ekspɔːt/n. 出口→/Ik'spɔːt/v. 出口import/'Impɔːt/n. 进口→/Im'pɔːt/v. 进口increase/'Iŋkriːs/n. 增加→/In'kriːs/v. 增加permit/'pɜːmIt/n. 许可证→/pə'mIt/v. 准许record/'rekɔːd/n. 唱片,纪录→/rI'kɔːd/v. 记录present/'preznt/n. 礼物,现在 adj. 当前的,在场的,出席的→/prI'zent/v. 赠送,表达(2)合成法合成法,即两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。①合成名词②合成形容词③合成动词④合成副词⑤合成介词⑥合成代词名师点津 合成名词复数变化的五点规律:(3)派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。①前缀a.表示否定意义的前缀b.其他意义的前缀c.改变词性的前缀②后缀a.构成名词的后缀b.构成形容词的后缀c.构成副词的后缀d.构成动词的后缀(4)缩略法首字母缩略法,即用单词首字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。名师点津 首字母缩略主要有7种情形:1单个单词截取其首字母;2多个单词构成的词组截取其各个单词的首字母;3不含虚词的词组,截取各个单词首字母;4含虚词的词组,截取实词首字母,虚词省略;5含虚词的词组,截取实词和虚词首字母;6含虚词的词组,截取实词首字母,虚词照写;7截取句子的每个单词的首字母。(5)截短法简写词又称截短语(clipping),即截去词的前一部分或后一部分,甚至前后各截去一部分;另外还可从两个词中各取一部分混合成一个新词。1confusing adj. 令人困惑的(P15)归纳拓展(1)confuse vt. 使迷惑,使糊涂confuse ... with/and ... 把……和……混淆(2)confused adj. 困惑的be confused about sth. 对某事迷惑不解(3)confusion n. 混乱,困惑in confusion 困惑地,困窘地2reflect vt. 反映;反射(声、光、热等);显示;表达 vi. 深思(P15)归纳拓展(1)reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考……(2)reflection n. 反映;映像;反射;深思on/upon reflection 经再三思考(3)reflective adj. 反射的,反映的;沉思的;深思的;(指物体表面)反光的3have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难(P14)归纳拓展(1)have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦(2)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 在某方面有麻烦或有困难4burn down 烧毁(多指建筑物被烧塌)(P15)归纳拓展burn up 烧光,烧尽(多指东西被烧掉);(通过锻炼)消耗(热能)burn out 烧坏;燃尽;耗尽体力burn sth. to the ground 将……烧成平地5come across 偶然发现(P17)归纳拓展come about 发生come on 加油;得了吧,算了吧;进展,进步come from 来自;出生于come up with 赶上;提出,想出(注意、解决方法、计划等)come through 安然度过come true 实现come out 出来,显露;开花;出版,发表;上市6likely adj. 可能的,可能发生的(P17)likely主语可以是人也可以是物。常用于“It is likely that ... 或sb./sth. be likely to do ...”句型中,但不能说“It is likely for sb. to do sth.”possible主语不能是人,常用句式为“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that ...”probable不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式为“It is probable that ...”7remind vt. 提醒,使想起(P20)归纳拓展(1)remind sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒某人(不)做某事remind sb. of/about (doing) sth. 使某人想起(做过)某事remind sb. that ... 使某人想起……,提醒某人……(2)reminder n. 引起回忆的事物,提醒人的事物;(告知该做某事的)通知单,提示信8comment n. 评论;议论 vt.& vi. 作出评论;表达意见(P20)归纳拓展(1)make comments on/about ... 对……加以评论No comment! 无可奉告!offer comments 提意见(2)comment on/upon sth. 对……发表评论comment that ... 评论称……9base v. 以……为基础(P24)归纳拓展(1)base ... on/upon 把……置于……基础之上be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据(2)basis n. 基础,根据on the basis of 以……为基础;根据……(3)basic adj. 基础的,基本的10be aware of 意识到,察觉到(P24)归纳拓展(1)be aware of 意识到,察觉到be aware that ... 意识到,知道(2)awareness n. 意识raise one's awareness 增强某人的意识unaware adj. 不知道的1Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 菠萝中既没有松树也没有苹果。(P14)剖析本句中neither ... nor ... 意为“既不……也不……”,其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成分。归纳拓展(1)neither ... nor ... 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致,遵循“就近原则”。(2)neither可以单独作主语,表示“两者中没有一个”。(3)表示“一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事”时,可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。(4)如果neither ... nor连接两个句子的时候,分别位于分句句首,则两个分句都要进行部分倒装。2That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 这就是为什么星星out(出来)时是看得见的,但灯out(熄灭)时是看不见的。(P15)剖析本句中That is why ... 意为“这就是……的原因”;why引导表语从句,表示结果;That指代上文提到的事实。归纳拓展(1)This/That is/was why ... 这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句,表示结果)(2)That/It is/was because ... 这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句,表示原因)(3)The reason why ... is/was that ... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语;that引导表语从句,表示原因)3Here are some of our favourites to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world! 这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子)提醒我们,我们在教室里学习的英语与外部世界的英语是相当不同的!(P20)剖析本句为here置于句首引起的完全倒装句。其正常语序应为Some of our favourites are here。归纳拓展完全倒装是把整个谓语放到主语之前,完全倒装句的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能进行完全倒装。常使用完全倒装的情况:(1)以副词here, there, out, in, up, down, away, then, now等开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand (表示位移的不及物动词)等时,句子进行完全倒装。(2)there引出完全倒装句,除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成“有”的含义,句子进行完全倒装。(3)为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密,表示地点的介词短语作表语或状语并置于句首时,句子进行完全倒装。(4)有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词置于句首,句子进行完全倒装。动词转化为名词Let's go out for a walk. 我们出去散散步吧。She is a woman of slim build. 她是一位身材苗条的女子。Women have an equal say in everything. 妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。名词转化为动词 He backed his car into the garage. 他把车倒进车库。We lunched at White's. 我们在怀特家吃午饭。Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?形容词转化为动词We must lower our expenses. 我们必须降低开支。The train slowed down to half its speed. 火车速度减慢了一半。He was unable to calm her down. 他没法使她平静下来。形容词转化为名词He enjoys the quiet of the countryside. 他喜欢乡村的恬静。The temperature reached a new high. 气温达到了新的高度。I think you are in the right. 我认为你是对的。名词+名词weekend 周末; bookmark 书签; homeowner 房东; wheelchair 轮椅; guidebook 指南手册; roommate 室友; airconditioner 空调; bedtime 就寝时间名词+动名词handwriting 书法; sightseeing 观光; airconditioning 空调名词+动词erpainkiller 镇痛剂; storyteller 讲故事的人动词+名词typewriter 打字机; postmark 邮戳; salesman 售货员; pushcart 手推车; workshop 研讨会,车间; driveway 车道形容词+名词gentleman 绅士名词+动词handshake 握手; sunset 日落介词+名词overweight 超重; byproduct 副产品副词+动词income 收入; output 产量,输出动词+副词cleanup 打扫; closedown 停业; checkup 检查; comeback 回归,恢复名词+形容词lifelong 终身的,毕生的; snowwhite 雪白的名词+v.ingEnglishspeaking 讲英语的; natureloving 热爱自然的; heartbreaking 令人心碎的名词+v.edfunfilled 充满乐趣的; manmade 人造的; heartbroken 悲伤的; custommade 定制的形容词+v.inggoodlooking 相貌好看的形容词+v.edstrongminded 意志坚强的; absentminded 心不在焉的; electricpowered 电动的; whitepainted 漆成白色的; tearyeyed 眼含泪水的; illcooked (饭菜)做的差劲的副词+v.edwelleducated 受过良好教育的; newlymade 新建的; wellknown 著名的副词+v.inghardworking 勤劳的介词+名词/v.ingunderlying 根本的,潜在的; invehicle 汽车内的v.ed+副词builtin 内置的,固有的形容词+动词illtreat 虐待; whitewash 粉刷副词+动词uplift 提起;振奋; overthrow 推翻名词+动词proofread 校对; babysit 看孩子形容词+副词everywhere 到处; somehow 不知何故副词+副词however 尽管如此介词+副词forever 永远介词+名词beforehand 事先; downstairs 在楼下副词+名词inside 在……里; outside 在……外介词+副词throughout 遍及; within 在……之内副词+介词into 到……里代词宾格+selfherself 她自己; himself 他自己物主代词+selfmyself 我自己; yourself 你自己形容词+名词anything 任何东西; everything 一切东西以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式homework(不可数名词)以两个名词构成的合成名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外),一般把后面的名词变成复数boyfriend→boyfriends paper bag→paper bags以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时,将主体词变成复数sisterinlaw→sistersinlaw以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的合成名词变复数时,在结尾加sgrownup→grownups standby→standbysappear 出现→disappear 消失correct 正确的→incorrect 不正确的legal 合法的→illegal 非法的lead 带领→mislead 错误引领stop 停下→nonstop 不停possible 可能的→impossible 不可能的regular 规则的→irregular 不规则的smoker 吸烟的人→nonsmoker 不吸烟的人usual 寻常的→unusual 不寻常的表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis, il, im, in,ir,mis, non, un等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词see 看见→foresee 预见 national 国家的→international 国际的film 影片→microfilm 微型胶片 night 夜晚→midnight 午夜bus 公共汽车→minibus 微型汽车write 写→rewrite 重写market 市场→supermarket 超级商场scope 范围→telescope 望远镜表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:for,fore(先,前),inter(间,相互),micro(微),mid(中),mini(微型的),re(重复,再),super(上,超),tele(远距离的)large 大的→enlarge 扩大courage 勇气→encourage 鼓励value 价值→devalue 降低……的价值friend 朋友→befriend 与……交朋友little 小的→belittle 轻视board 甲板→aboard 在船上side 旁边→aside 在旁边door 门→outdoor 户外的break 打破→outbreak 爆发改变词性的前缀有:en,de,be,a,out等。en前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词;de前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词,其意义大多和原名词相反;be前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词;a前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前,构成形容词或副词;out前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词,加在动词之前构成名词China 中国→Chinese 中国人,汉语clean 清扫→cleaner 清洁工visit 拜访→visitor 来访者art 艺术→artist 艺术家important 重要的→importance 重要,重要性absent 缺席的→absence 缺勤invent 发明→invention 发明agree 同意→agreement 同意kind 善良的→kindness 善良构成名词的后缀常用的有ese(表某地人或语言),er/or/ist(表人),ess(雌性),ian(精通……的人),ist(专业人员),ment(性质;状态),ness(性质;状态),tion(动作;过程)等nature 自然→natural 自然的reason 道理→reasonable 有道理的America 美国→American 美国的China 中国→Chinese 中国人的gold 金子→golden 金的east 东→eastern 东方的child 孩子→childish 孩子气的snow 雪→snowy 多雪的构成形容词的后缀常用的有al(有……属性的),able(有能力的),(a)n(某国人的),en(多用于表示材料的名词后),ern(方向的),ese(某国人的),ful、ic、ish、ive(有……属性的),less (表示否定),like(像……的),ly、ous、some、y(像……一样的;具有……品质的)等angry 生气的→angrily 生气地to 到→towards 朝……,向……east 东方→eastward 向东构成副词的常用后缀有ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)wide 宽的→widen 加宽beauty 美人,美丽→beautify 美化pure 纯的→purify 提纯real 真的→realize 意识到构成动词的后缀常用的有(e)n(多用于形容词之后),fy(使……化),ize(使……成为)缩写全称汉语BBCBritish Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司NBANational Basketball Association(美国)全国篮球协会UNUnited Nations联合国VIPVery Important Person重要人物/贵宾VOAVoice of America美国之音WTOWorld Trade Organization世界贸易组织IDidentification身份证明TVtelevision电视AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合症)NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织UNESCOUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization联合国教科文组织APECAsiaPacific Economic Cooperation亚太经济合作组织简写全称汉语adadvertisement广告planeaeroplane飞机busomnibus公共汽车cyclebicycle自行车examexamination考试kilokilogram公斤lablaboratory实验室mathmathematics数学profprofessor教授expoexposition博览会taxitaxicab出租车fluinfluenza流感fridgerefrigerator电冰箱brunchbreakfast and lunch早午餐smogsmoke and fog烟雾
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