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【知识点汇总】2023-2024学年高二英语人教版 选择性必修三 Unit 5 Poems
展开选择性必修三 Unit 5 Poems
【词汇短语】
1. Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. (P51)
(对于)业余诗人(而言)容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗,它由五个诗行构成。
be made up of 由……组成(构成)
【用法详解】
be made up of其主语为表示整体的人或事物,即整体由部分组成。其主动形式make up意为“组成,构成”,其主语为表示部分的人或事物,即部分构成整体。
【例句】
The committee is made up of representatives from every province.
该委员会由来自每个省的代表组成。
Three doctors and seven nurses make up the medical team now.
这支医疗队现在由三名医生和七名护士组成。
【拓展】
make use of 利用
make it 获得成功;渡过难关
make up 化妆;编造
make up for 弥补,补偿
make sense 有意义,讲得通
make up one’s mind 下定决心
make the most of 充分利用,尽情享受
make out 辨认清楚;理解,明白(事理)
【例句】
I always found it hard to make out what the math teacher taught in class, and I didn’t make up my mind to make a change to make use of my leisure time to make up for it until I got an “F”.
我总是觉得课堂上听懂数学老师教的内容很难,直到得了一个“F”,我才下定决心要作出改变,利用空闲时间去弥补。
2. ..., which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly. (P51)
……,展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻。
delicate /'delɪkət/ adj. 精美的;精致的;脆弱的
【搭配】
a plate with a delicate pattern of leaves 带着精美树叶图案的碟子
delicate china teacups 易碎的瓷茶杯
a child’s delicate skin 小孩娇嫩的皮肤
a delicate problem 一个微妙的问题
【例句】
Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.
它们大多极其脆弱,一碰就会损坏。
There’s something I have to speak to you about — it’s a delicate matter.
有件事我不得不跟你讲——它是一件需要谨慎处理的事。
3. Poetry comprehension (P51)
诗歌的理解
comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn/ n. 理解力;领悟力;理解练习
【搭配】
beyond (one’s) comprehension 超出(某人的)理解能力
a listening / reading comprehension 听力/阅读理解练习
【例句】
His behaviour was completely beyond comprehension.
他的举止完全令人费解。
Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
面对面的交流使理解变得更容易。
【拓展】
comprehend v. 理解;领悟
4. Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry. (P52)
无韵诗可能是英文诗歌中最常见并且最有影响力的一种形式。
blank /blæŋk/ adj. 空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的 n. 空白;空格
【搭配】
in the blank space 在空白处
a blank CD 一张空白光盘
blank white washed walls 光秃秃的白灰墙
go blank 脑子里一片空白
【例句】
She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.
她木然地盯着我。
My mind was a blank and I couldn’t remember her name.
我的脑子里一片空白,记不起她的名字了。
5. In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings. (P53)
在这些诗歌中,诗人泰戈尔对儿童的情感表现出同情的理解。
sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ adj. 同情的;有同情心的;赞同的
sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情;赞同
【搭配】
be sympathetic to / towards sb 对某人有同情心;赞同某人
express / show sympathy for 对……表示同情
get / win sympathy from 获得……的同情
out of sympathy 出于同情
【例句】
She was very sympathetic to / towards the problems of adult students.
她对成年学生的问题很同情。
6. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood. (P53)
原因是他们可以感受到爱的温暖,享受童年的纯真。
innocence /ˈɪnəsns/ n. 天真;单纯;无罪
innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的
【搭配】
in all innocence 完全没有恶意
be innocent of ... 没有……罪(反义:be guilty of ... 有……罪)
an innocent young child 一个天真无邪的小孩
as innocent as a new-born baby 像初生婴儿般纯洁
【例句】
His father is as innocent as a little boy.
他的父亲像个小男孩一样纯真。
7. Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence. (P53)
布朗宁爱上了她的诗歌,然后他们开始了私人的通信联系。
correspondence /ˌkɒrə'spɒndəns/ n. 来往信件;通信联系
correspond /ˌkɒrə'spɒnd/ vi. 相一致;符合;相当于;通信
【搭配】
correspondence with sb 与某人来往信件
be in correspondence 保持通信
the correspondence between A and B A与B相关/符合
correspond with 与……通信;与……相联系
correspond with / to 与……相一致
【例句】
I used to correspond with my relatives by letters while now the Internet is more convenient.
过去常用书信与亲戚联系,然而现在网络更方便了。
8. When is the deadline for the poetry contest? (P54)
诗歌比赛的截止日期是什么时候?
deadline /'dedlaɪn/ n. 最后期限;截止日期
【搭配】
the deadline for sth 某事的最后期限
work to a deadline 按规定的期限完成工作
meet the deadline 赶上截止日期
【例句】
We were not able to meet the deadline because of manufacturing delays.
由于生产延误,我们没能在截止日期前完成工作。
I prefer to work to a deadline.
我喜欢按规定的期限完成工作。
9. When is the deadline for the poetry contest? (P54)
诗歌比赛的截止日期是什么时候?
contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛;竞赛;竞争
/kənˈtest/ v. 争取赢得(比赛、选举等);争辩
【搭配】
a singing contest 歌唱比赛
a talent contest 才艺大赛
contest for 争夺……
【例句】
Paul did a great job in the speech contest.
保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。
Three candidates contested for the leadership.
有三位候选人角逐领导权。
10. What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing? (P54)
诺拉说她需要时间润色她的写作是什么意思?
polish /ˈpɒlɪʃ/ vt. 修改;润色;抛光 n. 上光剂;抛光;擦亮
【搭配】
polish up 擦亮;磨光;改善;润色
polish off 很快做完;迅速吃光
furniture / floor / shoe / silver polish 家具上光漆/地板蜡/鞋油/银光剂
【例句】
I can still remember how long it took us to polish the legs of our coffee table.
我还记得我们花了多长时间才把咖啡桌腿擦亮。
The statement was carefully polished and checked before release.
这项声明是经仔细润色和检查后才发表的。
11. The string of my kite, ... (P56)
我手中的风筝线,……
string /strɪŋ/ n. 细绳;线;一串
vt. (strung; strung)悬挂;系
adj. 弦乐器的;线织的
【搭配】
a piece / length of string 一根/一段细绳
a string of pearls 一串珍珠
a string player 弦乐器演奏者
【例句】
The key is hanging on a string by the door.
钥匙拴在门边的带子上。
Flags were strung out along the route.
沿途悬挂着旗子。
【语法知识】
定语从句
1. 概述
● 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。
例:He is the man who helped me.
The building which stands near the river is our school.
● 先行词:被修饰的名词或代词在定语从句中叫作先行词。
例:The house whose windows face south belongs to him.
● 关系词:把先行词和定语从句联系起来。代替先行词在定语从句中充当句子成分。
关系代词在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、定语;关系副词在定语从句中可以作状语。
例:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
2. 分类
● 限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰、限制作用,为句中不可缺少的部分,主句和从句关
系非常紧密,不能用逗号分开。
例:The book that you were looking for was sold out.
The people who work in my office are very friendly.
● 非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明的作用,若将其去掉,不影响主句意思的完
整,主句和从句之间必须用逗号分开。
除了that以外,其他的关系代词和关系副词都和限制性定语从句用法相同,只是所有关系
词都必须写上,不能省略。
例:The small town, where he once worked, has turned to be a modern industry city.
▲ 关系代词that
(1)仅在限制性定语从句中使用,既可以指代人又可以指代物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可省略,但不能作介词宾语。
例:She is the girl that/who lives next door.(指代人,可与who互换)
That is one of the things (that/which) I will never forget.(指代物,可与which互换,作宾语时可省略)
(2)下面几种情况必须用that引导定语从句:
① 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等;
② 先行词被the only, the very, any, every, no, all, few, little, much等修饰;
③ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰;
④ 先行词既有人又有物;
⑤ 主句的主语是疑问词who或which;
⑥ 主句以here, there开头;
⑦ 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that。
▲ 关系代词which
(1)指代物或一句话,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或介词的宾语。
例:They sold pants which/that were made from tent material.(指代物,可与that互换)
These are oranges (which/that) I picked myself.(指代物,可与that互换,作宾语时可省略)
This is the company with which we signed the agreement.(指代物,作介词宾语,不可省略)
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.(指代一句话,作从句中主语,不可与that替换)
(2)“介词+which”引导定语从句的用法
例:He has visited the school many times, in which he has many friends.(该结构能和关系副词where替换,其中介词不能放在定语从句句末)
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.(“复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句常用倒装语序)
▲ 关系代词as
(1)用于限制性定语从句。指人或物且在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
常用句型:① such(+名词)+as...(像……一样的,像……之类的)
② the same+名词+as...(和……同样的)
例:We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
This book is not such as I expect.
I have the same book as he has.
(2)用于非限制性定语从句。指代整个主句或主句中的一部分,意为“正如……,像……”。
例:As is known to us all, China is in the east of Asia.
▲ 关系代词who, whom, whose
(1)who指代人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,但介词提到关系代词前,不能用who。在限制性定语从句中who可用that代替。
(2)whom指代人,在定语从句中作宾语,介词提到关系代词前,只能用whom。在限制性定语从句中可用who或that代替。
(3)whose指人或者物,在定语从句中作定语。当从句中含有与先行词有所属关系的词的时候,我们就用whose引导定语从句,相当于of whom或of which。
例:She is the girl who/that lives next door.(指代人,可与that互换,作主语)
I discussed it with my brother, who is a lawyer.(指代人,作主语,不可以替换为whom或that)
That’s the girl (whom/who/that) I teach.(指代人,作宾语,可以替换为whom或that或者省略)
This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known.(指代人,作介词宾语,不可以替换为who或that,不可省略)
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(whose指代人)
This is the house whose window broke last night.(whose指代物)
▲ 关系副词when, where, why
(1)when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“表时间的介词(如:in, at, on, during等)+ which”。
例:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when = on which)
(2)where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“表地点的介词(如:in, at, on, under等)+ which”。
例:Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which)
(3)why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“表原因的介词(如:for)+which”。
例:Do you know the reason why he is absent? (why = for which)
【注意】
① 当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,也要用关
系副词where引导。
② 有时为表达清楚,还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等。
③ 关系副词when, where可用于非限制性定语从句,而关系副词why不可以。