资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩22页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-同步讲义
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 14 课时3 Grammar 讲义
展开
这是一份【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 14 课时3 Grammar 讲义，文件包含Unit14课时3Grammar学生版docx、Unit14课时3Grammar教师版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共44页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade7
目标导航
Grammar
非谓语动词
知识精讲
知识点01 定义与结构
【语法详解】定义：非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：
【语法详解】不定式
常用形式：①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）
③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）
⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）
⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）
语法功能： 1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.
2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.
3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn´t notice them come in.
5）定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
6）状语： A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day in order to/ so as to /to improve her English.
注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
B．原因状语： I’m glad to see you .
C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .
4．疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。
如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We don’t know when and where to go .（宾语）
6．不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：
1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。例如：
She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）
It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）
The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）
2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
如：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.
3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生.
如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.
7．不定式的被动式如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.
【即学即练】Jill is running out of breath ________ a bus.
A．to catch B．catches C．caught D．to catching
【语法详解】动名词
常用形式：①基本形式：doing （表示主动）
②被动式：being done（表示被动）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
语法功能：
作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb’s的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。）
作宾语：I don’t like his/him staying with us.
作表语：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改为him）.
在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。
如：I remember lending/ having lent him some money before.
He forgot promising /having promised me that. /After finishing his homework,he went out for a walk.
动名词的被动式
如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。
如：The problem is far from being settled.
动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较
作主语：(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.
Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is difficult.
(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。
例如：It took him two hours to finish the work. To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.
(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：Getting up early is a good habit.
作宾语：有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多：begin, start, continue, love, prefer等。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, can´t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest. feel like, look forward to, devote…to(doing),be worth.
(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on
A.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have done sth.
B.remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事
C.regret to do sth. 遗憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事
D.stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事
【即学即练】Today the forests are getting fewer and fewer. We must ________ down too many trees.
A．keep people from cutting
B．prevent people from cutting
C．stop people from cutting
D．all of the above
【语法详解】现在分词
常用形式：①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）
②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
一般主动式用法：
A．作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)
The factory making TV sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)
B．作表语：The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.
C．作宾补：学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。
如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. /Don´t keep the students doing homework all day.
注：例如：I heard them singing in the room when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改为singing)
have sb. do sth. 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：
I’ll have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。
I’ll have him working in my compary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Don’t have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。
D．作状语：
①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldn’t help thinking of my school life.
②原因状语：Being ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
2）完成主动式用法：这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.如：Having finished her homework, she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.
3）一般被动式用法：表示正在发生的被动动作
如：The car being repaired is mine.(＝The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car can’t be used.(＝As/Because it is being repaired, the car can’t be used.)
完成被动式用法：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作
如：Having been praised a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress.
【即学即练】The boy ________ in the teachers’ office was found ________ yesterday.
A．standing; smoke B．standing; smoking
C．stand; smoke D．stood; smoking
【语法详解】过去分词：done
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流
fallen leaves 落叶
注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。
过去分词的基本用法：
1）作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week.
2）作表语：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.
3）作宾补：You must have/get your hair cut.
4）作状语：Given more time ,we can do the work much better.
【即学即练】There were many people ________ at the painting ________by this painter.
A．looked; painted B．were looking; painted
C．looking; was painted D．looking; painted
知识点02 非谓语动词的作用
【语法详解】非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1.不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）
学会一门外语是很难的。
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。
His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）他的愿望是当一名司机。
I have nothing to say.（作定语）我没有什么可说的。
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .（作宾语补足语）
老师让我们做早操。
They went to see their aunt.（目的状语）他们去见他们的姑姑。
2.动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。
3.现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。
He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
4.过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
He is interested in the news.（作表语）他对这则消息很感兴趣。
polluted river（做定语） 被污染的河流
Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。
I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）
我发现我的手表被偷了。
【即学即练】Nancy ________ a good job.
A．succeeded in getting B．was successful in getting C．succeed to get D．A and B
知识点03 非谓语动词重、疑、难点
【语法详解】1.须用省去to 的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词。
五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）两听（hear、listen to）三使（make、let、have）一感觉（feel）根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。
例如：I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。
注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。
see sb.do sth.看到某人做了某事
see sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth.done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.我看到他打了电话。（他打电话的整个动作我都看见了）
I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。（强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.）
We often see him surrounded by much work.我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.
2.只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3.只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4.既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth.记住要做某事（未做） remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事（未做） regret doing sth.后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事
mean to do sth.计划做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth.继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情
5.所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语，如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。
【即学即练】He devoted his life ________ it possible for women ________ better education.
A．to make; to receive B．to make; receive C．to making; to receive D．to making; receive
知识点04 非谓语动词的解题步骤
【语法详解】非谓语动词的解题步骤
1.判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。
①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。
②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。
2.判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；
发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；
发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。
例如下面几题：
【即学即练】（1）_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.
A.Spending B.Spend C.To spend D.Having spent
完成的含义，故选“D”。
（2）An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.
A.designing B.designed C.to be designed D.being designed
（3）Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.
A.known B.knowing C.to know D.know
能力拓展
考法01 动词不定式和动名词的辨别
动词不定式和动名词的辨别：
一般来说，动词后面要么搭配动词不定式，要么搭配动名词结构，然而某些特定动词两者皆可搭配。且搭配这两种情况使表达的意思是不同的，注意甄别。
remember doing
记得做过...（做了）
remember to do
记得去做...（未做）
I remember closing the window before I leave home.
我记得我在离家前关了窗。
（窗子已经关了）
Kitty, remember to take an umbrella.
Kitty, 记得带一把雨伞。
（现在还没有带，提醒要带）
forget doing
忘记做过...（做了但忘了）
forget to do
忘记去做...（未做）
He forgot telling me the truth.
他忘记已经告诉我真相了。
（告诉了，但忘记自己已经告诉了。）
He forgot to tell me the truth.
他忘记告诉我真相了。
（没告诉）
stop doing
停止做...（停止现在正在做的事）
stop to do
停止（现在手头上正在进行的事）去做另一件事
It’s time to stop playing computer games.
现在是时候停止玩电脑游戏了。
You should stop to have a rest.
你应该停下来去休息。
see/watch/hear sb. do
看见/听见某人做...（做动作的全过程）
see/watch/hear sb. doing
看见/听见某人正在做...
Mother watched her son get on the school bus.
母亲注视着儿子上了校车。（“注视”这个动作一直持续到她儿子上车这个动作完成之后）
When I passed the park, I saw some boys playing basketball.
当我经过公园时，我看见一些男孩在打篮球。（动作正在发生）
考法02 现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别
现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：
现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：
Do you see the hospital being built / built there?
The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。
作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：
Being led(＝Led )by the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories.
作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。
如：The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.
作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.
如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。
如：Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at last.
如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。如： Not having been invited, she had to stay at home.
在have, get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。如：I’ll have my hair cut.(cut不能改为being cut或be cut) He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired)
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
1．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）________ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
A．Create B．To create C．Creating
2．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.
A．swim; to follow B．swim; following
C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow
3．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
4．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A．relax B．to relax C．relaxing D．relaxed
5．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls ________ some chores at home to help busy parents.
A．doing B．to do C．do
6．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets
7．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒).
—You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks.
A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing
8．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）If you have difficulty ________ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help.
A．work B．working C．to work
9．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）What about ________ the song Together for a Shared Future? Its name is the slogan (口号) of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing
10．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online.
—So it is.
A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy
11．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A．whether, read B．if; to read C．that; reading D．as; being read
12．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.
A．dance B．dancing C．to dance
13．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio?
—Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up
14．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）— Father, I’m afraid I can’t win the English competition.
— Believe in yourself, my girl, and tell yourself ________ .
A．don’t give up B．not to give up C．to give up
15．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ______ in the world?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke
16．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?
—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.
A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps
17．（2022·天津·中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.
A．sell B．sells C．sold D．to sell
18．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A．Reach B．To reach C．Reaching D．To reaching
19．（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）The teacher told Jack _______ off the light when he left the classroom.
A．turn B．turning C．to turn
20．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!
A．cutting B．to cut C．getting D．to get
题组B 能力提升练
21．（2022·贵州六盘水·中考真题）Look! Jim is having fun ________ (skate) in the snow. He thinks it’s good exercise.
22．（2022·湖南常德·中考真题）In the story of Chang’e, Pang Meng wanted ________ (steal) the medicine.
23．（2022·广西·中考真题）Now pupils don’t need much time to _____ (finish) their homework every day.
24．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）I remember __________ my key into my bag, but now it’s not there! （put）
25．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）— Lily, I have difficulty __________ (read) comic strips in English.
— Don’t worry. Let’s read some together.
26．（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）Gu Ailing has a gift for ________ (ski) and won high praise in Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
27．（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）Our country has made laws ________ (protect) biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River.
28．（2022·湖南永州·中考真题）When playing in the hallways students should avoid ________ (push) each other.
29．（2022·湖南永州·中考真题）I plan ________ (send) a gift to my father tomorrow for Father’s Day.
30．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）More and more young people enjoy ________ (read) poems.
31．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）The teacher asked the students ________ (circle) the correct answer.
32．（2021·西藏·中考真题）In the future, computers may read the emotion(情绪) of people by ________ (use) facial recognition (人脸识别) technology.
33．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）It’s kind of you ______ (help) the old cross the road.
34．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Volunteers in our community are busy ______ (get) ready for the coming charity show.
35．（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）The managers of the big company have been used to ________ (deal) with problems online.
36．（2021·上海·中考真题）Some rainforests are likely to ________ if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear)
37．（2021·上海·中考真题）Tony has made up his mind to be a soldier to ________ the country after graduation. (service)
38．（2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Mr. Wang asked me _________ （give） a speech on how to study English last Friday.
39．（2021·辽宁阜新·中考真题）You’d better avoid ________ (make) such a mistake again in our daily life.
40．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）People are advised ________ (keep) a distance of 6 feet or more in public places.
题组C 培优拔尖练
41．（2022·贵州六盘水·中考真题）初中生每天有9小时的睡眠时间是有必要的。
It’s ________ for junior students ________ sleep for 9 hours.
42．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）礼貌地讲话让人觉得舒适。
Speaking politely makes people ________.
43．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）我们为什么不讨论一下来想出一个更好的计划呢？
Why don’t we have a discussion ________ a better plan?
44．（2022·贵州贵阳·中考真题）做往往比说更重要。
_______ something is usually more important than to say something.
45．（2022·湖北荆州·中考真题）For Chinese children, ________ a second language in school.
在校期间, 中国孩子多学一门语言是非常重要的。(be)
46．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）毫无疑问，冬天是堆雪人的好时节。（snowman）
No doubt it’s a good time to ____________________ in winter.
47．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）宇航员在太空中进行的实验颇有价值，值得开展。
The experiments done in space by the astronauts are so valuable ____________________.
48．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）人无完人，自我解嘲意味着接纳自己。
No one is perfect. _____________________ means accepting who you are.
49．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）对学生们来说，知道学习的重要性是必要的。
It’s necessary for students ________ the importance of studying.
50．（2022·湖北随州·中考真题）汤姆很擅长讲故事。
Tom is very good at ________ ________.
Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade7
目标导航
Grammar
非谓语动词
知识精讲
知识点01 定义与结构
【语法详解】定义：非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：
【语法详解】不定式
常用形式：①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）
③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）
⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）
⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）
语法功能： 1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.
2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.
3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn´t notice them come in.
5）定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
6）状语： A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day in order to/ so as to /to improve her English.
注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
B．原因状语： I’m glad to see you .
C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .
4．疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。
如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We don’t know when and where to go .（宾语）
6．不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：
1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。例如：
She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）
It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）
The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）
2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
如：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.
3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生.
如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.
7．不定式的被动式如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.
【即学即练】Jill is running out of breath ________ a bus.
A．to catch B．catches C．caught D．to catching
【语法详解】动名词
常用形式：①基本形式：doing （表示主动）
②被动式：being done（表示被动）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
语法功能：
作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb’s的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。）
作宾语：I don’t like his/him staying with us.
作表语：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改为him）.
在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。
如：I remember lending/ having lent him some money before.
He forgot promising /having promised me that. /After finishing his homework,he went out for a walk.
动名词的被动式
如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。
如：The problem is far from being settled.
动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较
作主语：(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.
Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is difficult.
(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。
例如：It took him two hours to finish the work. To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.
(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：Getting up early is a good habit.
作宾语：有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多：begin, start, continue, love, prefer等。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, can´t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest. feel like, look forward to, devote…to(doing),be worth.
(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on
A.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have done sth.
B.remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事
C.regret to do sth. 遗憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事
D.stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事
【即学即练】Today the forests are getting fewer and fewer. We must ________ down too many trees.
A．keep people from cutting
B．prevent people from cutting
C．stop people from cutting
D．all of the above
【语法详解】现在分词
常用形式：①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）
②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
一般主动式用法：
A．作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)
The factory making TV sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)
B．作表语：The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.
C．作宾补：学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。
如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. /Don´t keep the students doing homework all day.
注：例如：I heard them singing in the room when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改为singing)
have sb. do sth. 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：
I’ll have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。
I’ll have him working in my compary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Don’t have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。
D．作状语：
①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldn’t help thinking of my school life.
②原因状语：Being ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
2）完成主动式用法：这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.如：Having finished her homework, she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.
3）一般被动式用法：表示正在发生的被动动作
如：The car being repaired is mine.(＝The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car can’t be used.(＝As/Because it is being repaired, the car can’t be used.)
完成被动式用法：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作
如：Having been praised a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress.
【即学即练】The boy ________ in the teachers’ office was found ________ yesterday.
A．standing; smoke B．standing; smoking
C．stand; smoke D．stood; smoking
【语法详解】过去分词：done
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流
fallen leaves 落叶
注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。
过去分词的基本用法：
1）作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week.
2）作表语：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.
3）作宾补：You must have/get your hair cut.
4）作状语：Given more time ,we can do the work much better.
【即学即练】There were many people ________ at the painting ________by this painter.
A．looked; painted B．were looking; painted
C．looking; was painted D．looking; painted
知识点02 非谓语动词的作用
【语法详解】非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1.不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）
学会一门外语是很难的。
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。
His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）他的愿望是当一名司机。
I have nothing to say.（作定语）我没有什么可说的。
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .（作宾语补足语）
老师让我们做早操。
They went to see their aunt.（目的状语）他们去见他们的姑姑。
2.动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。
3.现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。
He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
4.过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
He is interested in the news.（作表语）他对这则消息很感兴趣。
polluted river（做定语） 被污染的河流
Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。
I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）
我发现我的手表被偷了。
【即学即练】Nancy ________ a good job.
A．succeeded in getting B．was successful in getting C．succeed to get D．A and B
知识点03 非谓语动词重、疑、难点
【语法详解】1.须用省去to 的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词。
五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）两听（hear、listen to）三使（make、let、have）一感觉（feel）根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。
例如：I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。
注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。
see sb.do sth.看到某人做了某事
see sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth.done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.我看到他打了电话。（他打电话的整个动作我都看见了）
I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。（强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.）
We often see him surrounded by much work.我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.
2.只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3.只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4.既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth.记住要做某事（未做） remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事（未做） regret doing sth.后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事
mean to do sth.计划做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth.继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情
5.所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语，如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。
【即学即练】He devoted his life ________ it possible for women ________ better education.
A．to make; to receive B．to make; receive C．to making; to receive D．to making; receive
知识点04 非谓语动词的解题步骤
【语法详解】非谓语动词的解题步骤
1.判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。
①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。
②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。
2.判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；
发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；
发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。
例如下面几题：
【即学即练】（1）_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.
A.Spending B.Spend C.To spend D.Having spent
完成的含义，故选“D”。
（2）An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.
A.designing B.designed C.to be designed D.being designed
（3）Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.
A.known B.knowing C.to know D.know
能力拓展
考法01 动词不定式和动名词的辨别
动词不定式和动名词的辨别：
一般来说，动词后面要么搭配动词不定式，要么搭配动名词结构，然而某些特定动词两者皆可搭配。且搭配这两种情况使表达的意思是不同的，注意甄别。
remember doing
记得做过...（做了）
remember to do
记得去做...（未做）
I remember closing the window before I leave home.
我记得我在离家前关了窗。
（窗子已经关了）
Kitty, remember to take an umbrella.
Kitty, 记得带一把雨伞。
（现在还没有带，提醒要带）
forget doing
忘记做过...（做了但忘了）
forget to do
忘记去做...（未做）
He forgot telling me the truth.
他忘记已经告诉我真相了。
（告诉了，但忘记自己已经告诉了。）
He forgot to tell me the truth.
他忘记告诉我真相了。
（没告诉）
stop doing
停止做...（停止现在正在做的事）
stop to do
停止（现在手头上正在进行的事）去做另一件事
It’s time to stop playing computer games.
现在是时候停止玩电脑游戏了。
You should stop to have a rest.
你应该停下来去休息。
see/watch/hear sb. do
看见/听见某人做...（做动作的全过程）
see/watch/hear sb. doing
看见/听见某人正在做...
Mother watched her son get on the school bus.
母亲注视着儿子上了校车。（“注视”这个动作一直持续到她儿子上车这个动作完成之后）
When I passed the park, I saw some boys playing basketball.
当我经过公园时，我看见一些男孩在打篮球。（动作正在发生）
考法02 现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别
现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：
现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：
Do you see the hospital being built / built there?
The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。
作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：
Being led(＝Led )by the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories.
作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。
如：The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.
作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.
如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。
如：Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at last.
如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。如： Not having been invited, she had to stay at home.
在have, get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。如：I’ll have my hair cut.(cut不能改为being cut或be cut) He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired)
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
1．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）________ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
A．Create B．To create C．Creating
2．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.
A．swim; to follow B．swim; following
C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow
3．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
4．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A．relax B．to relax C．relaxing D．relaxed
5．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls ________ some chores at home to help busy parents.
A．doing B．to do C．do
6．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets
7．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒).
—You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks.
A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing
8．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）If you have difficulty ________ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help.
A．work B．working C．to work
9．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）What about ________ the song Together for a Shared Future? Its name is the slogan (口号) of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing
10．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online.
—So it is.
A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy
11．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A．whether, read B．if; to read C．that; reading D．as; being read
12．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.
A．dance B．dancing C．to dance
13．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio?
—Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up
14．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）— Father, I’m afraid I can’t win the English competition.
— Believe in yourself, my girl, and tell yourself ________ .
A．don’t give up B．not to give up C．to give up
15．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ______ in the world?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke
16．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?
—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.
A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps
17．（2022·天津·中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.
A．sell B．sells C．sold D．to sell
18．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A．Reach B．To reach C．Reaching D．To reaching
19．（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）The teacher told Jack _______ off the light when he left the classroom.
A．turn B．turning C．to turn
20．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!
A．cutting B．to cut C．getting D．to get
题组B 能力提升练
21．（2022·贵州六盘水·中考真题）Look! Jim is having fun ________ (skate) in the snow. He thinks it’s good exercise.
22．（2022·湖南常德·中考真题）In the story of Chang’e, Pang Meng wanted ________ (steal) the medicine.
23．（2022·广西·中考真题）Now pupils don’t need much time to _____ (finish) their homework every day.
24．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）I remember __________ my key into my bag, but now it’s not there! （put）
25．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）— Lily, I have difficulty __________ (read) comic strips in English.
— Don’t worry. Let’s read some together.
26．（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）Gu Ailing has a gift for ________ (ski) and won high praise in Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
27．（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）Our country has made laws ________ (protect) biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River.
28．（2022·湖南永州·中考真题）When playing in the hallways students should avoid ________ (push) each other.
29．（2022·湖南永州·中考真题）I plan ________ (send) a gift to my father tomorrow for Father’s Day.
30．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）More and more young people enjoy ________ (read) poems.
31．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）The teacher asked the students ________ (circle) the correct answer.
32．（2021·西藏·中考真题）In the future, computers may read the emotion(情绪) of people by ________ (use) facial recognition (人脸识别) technology.
33．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）It’s kind of you ______ (help) the old cross the road.
34．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Volunteers in our community are busy ______ (get) ready for the coming charity show.
35．（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）The managers of the big company have been used to ________ (deal) with problems online.
36．（2021·上海·中考真题）Some rainforests are likely to ________ if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear)
37．（2021·上海·中考真题）Tony has made up his mind to be a soldier to ________ the country after graduation. (service)
38．（2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Mr. Wang asked me _________ （give） a speech on how to study English last Friday.
39．（2021·辽宁阜新·中考真题）You’d better avoid ________ (make) such a mistake again in our daily life.
40．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）People are advised ________ (keep) a distance of 6 feet or more in public places.
题组C 培优拔尖练
41．（2022·贵州六盘水·中考真题）初中生每天有9小时的睡眠时间是有必要的。
It’s ________ for junior students ________ sleep for 9 hours.
42．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）礼貌地讲话让人觉得舒适。
Speaking politely makes people ________.
43．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）我们为什么不讨论一下来想出一个更好的计划呢？
Why don’t we have a discussion ________ a better plan?
44．（2022·贵州贵阳·中考真题）做往往比说更重要。
_______ something is usually more important than to say something.
45．（2022·湖北荆州·中考真题）For Chinese children, ________ a second language in school.
在校期间, 中国孩子多学一门语言是非常重要的。(be)
46．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）毫无疑问，冬天是堆雪人的好时节。（snowman）
No doubt it’s a good time to ____________________ in winter.
47．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）宇航员在太空中进行的实验颇有价值，值得开展。
The experiments done in space by the astronauts are so valuable ____________________.
48．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）人无完人，自我解嘲意味着接纳自己。
No one is perfect. _____________________ means accepting who you are.
49．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）对学生们来说，知道学习的重要性是必要的。
It’s necessary for students ________ the importance of studying.
50．（2022·湖北随州·中考真题）汤姆很擅长讲故事。
Tom is very good at ________ ________.
相关资料
更多
