新教材2023版高中英语Unit2SuccessPartⅥ单元语法专题__动词_ing形式动名词作主语表语和宾语冠词学案北师大版选择性必修第一册

Part Ⅵ　单元语法专题——(1)动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语、表语和宾语　(2)冠词

语法精讲

Ⅰ.动词的ing形式

1．动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语

动名词(短语)具有名词的基本性质，因此动名词(短语)可以在句子中充当主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。

(1)动名词(短语)在句首直接作主语

动名词(短语)作主语常表示经常性或习惯性的动作，通常放在句首。

❶Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.

大声朗读对我们学外语来说很重要。

(2)it作形式主语，动名词(短语)作真正的主语

动名词(短语)作主语的句子有时可以用it作形式主语，动名词(短语)作真正主语。常见结构有：

It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。

It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用的/值得的。

It's no use/no good/no need doing sth.做某事是没用的/没好处的/没必要的。

❷It was a waste of time reading that book.

读那本书就是在浪费时间。

(此句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为reading that book)

(3)There is/was＋ no＋动名词(短语)

❸There was no knowing what he could do.

不知道他能做什么。

❹There is no denying that only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will we achieve our dreams.

不可否认，我们只有用正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难，我们才能实现我们的梦想。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①________ (learn)  a  language    requires time and effort.

②It's a waste of time ________    (persuade) such a person to join us.

③________ (save) money now seems impossible.

④It is worthwhile ________ (read)   more books.

⑤It's useless ________ (ask) him any  more questions about that because he  won't answer.

⑥There was no ________ (tell) when   she would be back.

2．动词的-ing形式(动名词、现在分词)作表语

(1)动名词(短语)作表语

动名词(短语)作表语表示一般性、习惯性的动作或抽象的动作，大多数情况下可以与主语互换。

❶Her job is cleaning offices.

她的工作是打扫办公室。(作表语)

❷Cleaning offices is her job.

打扫办公室是她的工作。(作主语)

❸Her hobby is painting.

她的业余爱好是画画。

❹My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.

我的第一份工作是在乌基亚图书馆，那时我16岁。

(2)现在分词(短语)作表语

现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语具有的特征和属性。

❺His concern for his mother is most touching.

他对自己母亲的关爱非常感人。

❻His words are encouraging.

他的话很鼓舞人。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①What  he  said  is  ________    (convince), so we can trust him.

②The news is ________ (astonish);  we   were all ________ (astonish) at it.

③The result of the exam was   ________   (disappoint)．

④Our duty is ________ (serve)  the  people heart and soul.

⑤My favourite sport is  ________ (swim)．

⑥The news sounds  ________ (encourage)．

3．动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语

(1)动名词跟在及物动词后作宾语

后面接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)汇总：mepscarfid“妹不食咖啡滴”。

M：miss, mind　E：escape, enjoy　P：practise, put off　S：suggest　C：consider, can't stand　A: avoid, admit, advise, allow, appreciate　R：risk, resist　F：finish, forbid, feel like　I：imagine, insist on　D：dislike, delay, deny

❶He managed to escape suffering from the disease.

他设法成功避免了患上那种疾病。

❷Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.

史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。

❸The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.

犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。

特别注意　need，deserve, require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。

Your car needs filling.

你的车该加油了。

This city deserves visiting.

这座城市值得游览。

The problem requires studying carefully.

这个问题需要仔细研究。

(2)动名词在介词后作宾语

①about，against，to，from，of，for等介词后可用动名词作宾语。

They are against using so many animals in experiments.

他们反对用如此多的动物去做实验。

Thank you for offering me so much help.

谢谢你为我提供了这么多帮助。

②某些“动词＋(名词/形容词/副词)＋介词”后常用动名词作宾语，常见的有：

apologise for...(为……道歉)，aware of(意识到)，be afraid of(害怕)，engage in(参与)，give up(放弃)，depend on(依靠)，have trouble/difficulty (in)(做某事有困难)，admit to(承认)，be/get/become used to(习惯于)，be equal to(等于；胜任)，devote... to...(把……用于……)，get down to(开始做)，look forward to(期待)，object to(反对)，stick to(坚持)，see to(照料；处理)，contribute... to...(把……贡献给……)，lead to(导致)，pay attention to(注意)等。

I'm looking forward to your coming next time.

我期待着您下一次的到来。

He apologised for interrupting us.

他因打断了我们的谈话而道歉。

知识拓展

①有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别。

②有些动词接动名词和接动词不定式意思上没什么大的差别。

begin to do/doing sth.开始做某事

start to do/doing sth.开始做某事

like to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事

hate to do/doing sth.讨厌做某事

prefer to do/doing sth.宁愿做某事

continue to do/doing sth.继续做某事

take turns to do/doing sth.轮流做某事

intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事

[即学即练]　

(1)单句语法填空

①As I will be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ________ (hear) from you now and then  ________ (tell)   me how everyone is getting along.

②You should not miss  ________    (make) up for your missed lessons.

③You can never imagine what great    trouble I had ________ (help)  the    poor boy and the little dog that were   seriously hurt.

④I really appreciate   ________  (give)  the chance to present my opinions on   AI at the meeting.

⑤Exercise is the key to ________   (improve) your health.

⑥Don't forget ________ (post)  the  letter for me when you pass by the post office.

⑦I didn't mean ________ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't  help ________ (try)  it.

⑧I do remember   ________ (receive) the message, but I cannot find it now. Please send it again if you don't mind.

(2)在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式

I used to like to go to our local cinema.  It  was  old  and  rather uncomfortable, but it had character.  Now they've stopped   ①________    (show)  films there. The owner would like to go on  ②________ (run) the cinema, but he would need   ③________    (make)  a lot of improvements, which would mean    ④________   (spend) tens of thousands of pounds.  I remember   ⑤________ (watch) the last film at the cinema. It was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying  ⑥________  (work) out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. “I regret   ⑦________ (tell)  you，”  he said,  “that our electricity has failed. I don't mean   ⑧________    (disappoint) you, but I'm afraid we can't show you the end of the film. We've tried    ⑨________    (phone)  the  electricity company, but they say they can't help.” He went on    ⑩________ (explain) to the audience how the film ended. I didn't understand the story. But I don't regret    ⑪________    (go) to the cinema that evening.

Ⅱ.冠词用法

4．冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。下面主要讲解它们的典型用法及零冠词的使用情况。

(1)不定冠词的用法

①不定冠词表示类别，泛指某一类人或物，相当于any；也可泛指某人或某物，表示不确定的概念，相当于some或a certain。

It's almost impossible to find a horse running on the city road now.

现在在城市道路上发现奔跑的马匹几乎是不可能的了。

A Smith has just called you.

一个叫史密斯的人刚刚给你打电话。

②不定冠词表示数量“一”的概念，但其数的概念不如one强烈。

I want to buy a pair of shoes.我想买双鞋。

③不定冠词表示“每一”，相当于every或per。

She goes to see her parents twice a month.

她每个月去看她的父母两次。

④不定冠词用在序数词前，表示“又一；再一”。

He decided to try a seventh time.

他决定再尝试第七次。

⑤用于首次提到的，双方不知道的人或物前。

There is a park on the corner of the street.

在这条街的拐角处有一个公园。

⑥不定冠词用在of结构中，表示“同一性”，相当于the same。

They are of an age.

他们同岁。

⑦不定冠词用在一些抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物，即“抽象名词具体化”。常见的词有：surprise，success，failure等。

His coming to the party was a real surprise for me.

他来参加聚会对我来说真的是个惊喜。

⑧不定冠词用在某些固定搭配中。如：a kind of，in a hurry，in a short while, a knowledge of...，have a．.. life, give sb. a ride。

(2)定冠词的用法

①定冠词最基本的用法是特指上文已经提到的人或事物，或者说话双方都知道的人或事物。此外，还可用在被短语或定语从句修饰的名词前，表示特指。

I bought the computer yesterday.

我昨天买的这台电脑。

It's too cold. Close the window please!

太冷了。请把这扇窗户关上！

The young man is the student who I taught ten years ago.

这个年轻人是我十年前教过的学生。

特别注意

定冠词the可用在“v.＋sb.＋介词(in/on/by/...)＋the＋部位”结构中，常常表示谓语动词所及的身体部位或衣物。该句型中定冠词the相当于物主代词，避免语义重复。

He hit me on the head.

他打了我的头。

②定冠词可用在单数名词前表示类别。

The giant panda in China is loved by people all around the world.

(注：这里说的大熊猫指的是大熊猫这一类别)中国大熊猫受到全世界人民的喜爱。

③定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物。

The Pacific is the largest ocean in the world.

太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。

④定冠词可用在序数词、形容词最高级前以及特指“二者之中比较……的”。

The second girl is the tallest of them all.

第二个女孩是他们所有人中最高的。

⑤用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人；或用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。

We should pay attention to the development of the young.

我们应该重视年轻人的成长。

The Browns will visit us next week.

布朗一家下周要来看望我们。

⑥用在表示“演奏某种乐器”时，用在乐器名称前。

Tom likes playing the guitar.

汤姆喜欢弹吉他。

⑦用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派等的名词前。如：the Yellow River, the United States, the Chinese Communist Party。

⑧用在某些固定搭配中。如：at the moment，at the same time，in the morning。

⑨用于表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某一天的一部分等的名词前。

如：in the east/south/west/north, on the right/left。

(3)零冠词的用法

①可数名词复数及不可数名词表示泛指。

Monkeys are clever animals.

猴子是聪明的动物。

Milk goes bad easily in summer.

牛奶在夏天很容易变质。

②在表示星期、月份、季节、节日、学科、三餐、球类和棋类等的名词前。如：on Sunday，in March，in spring，on Children's Day。但如果具体到某一年的春、夏、秋、冬，则要加定冠词。

I was born in the autumn of 1985.

我出生于1985年秋。

③某些名词与by连用表示交通方式时。如：by bus/car/bike/train/air/plane/sea/ship.

④表示人名或地名的专有名词前一般不用冠词，如Mike，Shanghai等。但由普通名词构成的专有名词前则要加the，如the United States。

⑤名词前已有this，that，my等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，一般不加冠词。

My pen is much more expensive than yours.

我的钢笔比你的贵得多。

⑥某些固定搭配中。如：day and night, here and there, at home, in surprise, at noon, on foot, at night, on duty, at work, on time, for example, on show，in space, in public。

[即学即练]　

①When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ________  breakfast in bed.

②Beyond the stars the astronaut saw   nothing but ________ space.

③Tom is addicted to playing ________ football.

④After watching TV, she played   ________    violin for an hour.

⑤Many people are still in the habit of writing silly things in ________ public places.

⑥Many people agree that  ________ knowledge of English is a must in the  international trade today.

⑦The train is running fifty miles ________ hour.

⑧—Do you know ________ lady in blue?

—Yes. She is a teacher of a university.

⑨He grabbed me by ________ arm and   pulled me into the bus.

⑩I hope the activity will be ________   great success and everyone can learn a lot from it.

(2)改正下面句子中的错误

①A recent report stated that the  number of Spanish in the US would   be higher than the number of English   speakers by a year 2090.

________________________________________________________________________

②If you go by a train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but   make sure you get a fast one.

________________________________________________________________________

③It is often said that teachers have the   very busy life.

________________________________________________________________________

④After dinner he gave Mr Richardson   ride to the Capital Airport.

________________________________________________________________________

⑤A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in a leg.

________________________________________________________________________

⑥I knew the John Lennon, but not the  famous one.

________________________________________________________________________

语法专练

Ⅰ.用括号内的适当形式填空

1．Young people may risk ________  (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.

2．________ (know) basic first-aid    techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

3．Shortly after suffering from the effects of a massive earthquake    and ________ (reduce)  to ruins,  the city took on a new    look.

4．________ (ignore) the difference    between the two research findings will be one of the worst    mistakes you make.

5．In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library ________ (be) now as simple and convenient as shopping online: click, pay and wait for delivery.

6．________ (equip) with global  vision (视野)  and the spirit of innovation is crucial to  China's younger generation.

7．It is agreed that ________ (read)  widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our  vocabulary.

8．I don't think it is no good ________ (have)  another talk  with him over the matter.

9．________ (she) not coming back made her parents angry and sad.

10．The ________ (president) attending the meeting gave them   a big surprise.

11．Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________ (eat)  more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

12．My duties will include ________ (introduce)  British    visitors to the pandas at Chengdu.

13．And when your employees begin ________ (add)  smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in    ________ (improve) your work culture.

14．What I dislike is ________ (stay)  up too late.

15．After ________ (look) at the toy for some time, he turned   around and found his parents were missing.

16．Keep in mind that forgiveness doesn't necessarily mean  ________ (accept)  the actions of the person who   upsets you.

17．The speech you delivered is very interesting and ________  (encourage)．

18．I quickly lower myself,  ducking (低下头) my head to avoid ________ (look)  directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.

19．All who participated have  gained a positive outcome from  ________ (get)  involved.

20．The teacher's explanation of the problem was so  ________  (confuse)  that most of us couldn't understand.

Ⅱ.用适当的冠词填空

1．Mr Smith asked you to repeat ________ phone number ________ second time so that he could set  it down.

2．The young may need more sleep than ________ old, but usually eight hours is enough for the health of grown-ups.

3．The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute(构成)__________   enormous security challenge to all countries.

4．________  number of these results on why this kind of bird can't fly are extremely interesting.

5．________   most popular Shanxi noodle is daoxiaomian.  This noodle is shaved from a giant block of dough(生面团) hoisted over the chef's shoulder.

6．Girls, who always spend money on clothes, should keep ________ eye open for discounts.

7．I don't remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall     ________ third.

8．The X-rays you get at ________ doctor's or dentist's are not enough to cause cancer.

9．My parents had moved to England from India during ________ 1970s.

10．When I taught art at ________  school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

A

1．A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from   ________ (tap)  her on the shoulder.

2．Bacteria are an   ________ (annoy) problem for astronauts.

3．“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said,    ________ (look) up from her book.

4．________ (hand) out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching   your own kid score a goal.

5．Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up ________ (become) an invaluable    member of the team.

6．I guess that there's probably some   ________ (demand) work schedule, or social anxiety  around stepping to help for an unknown sport.

7．It's about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop ________ (sleep), and Mari, a young student.

8．The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by ________ (analyse)  things like the  force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.

9．________ (learn) English as a second language can be a painful experience.

10．With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public  ________ (speak)．

B

1．When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ________ joke.

2．________   provincial government and its partners offer many programmes to help students  find summer jobs.

3．Of ________   nineteen recognised polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are    stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

4．In one study, Dr Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring  ________ least liked, ________     most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查)．

5．Through the Summer Employment Opportunities programme, students are hired each year in ____________ variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community  groups.

6．Who's eligible：Students aged 15 or older. Some positions  require students to be 15 to 24 or up to  29 for persons with ________   disability.

Ⅳ.单句写作(注意灵活使用动词-ing形式)

1．他的爱好是集邮。

________________________________________________________________________

2．不知道他的地址，我只好待在家里等着。

________________________________________________________________________

3．他25岁开始教英语。

________________________________________________________________________

4．散步是一种老幼皆宜的锻炼形式。

________________________________________________________________________

5．我永远不会忘记听她唱那首歌时的情景。

________________________________________________________________________

6．这个男孩每天练习弹钢琴。

________________________________________________________________________

7．我们经常一起去游泳。

________________________________________________________________________

8．我后悔没有来早点。

________________________________________________________________________

9．他花了不少时间做那件事。

________________________________________________________________________

10．她擅长讲故事。

________________________________________________________________________

Part Ⅵ　单元语法专题——(1)动词­ing形式(动名词)作主语、表语和宾语　(2)冠词语法精讲

Ⅰ.

1．①Learning　②persuading　③Saving　④reading

⑤asking　⑥telling

2．①convincing　②astonishing　astonished　③disappointing　④serving　⑤swimming　⑥encouraging

3．(1)①hearing　telling　句意为：因为我将要外出至少一年，所以我非常感激收到你的来信，信里告诉了我大家过得如何。第一空作appreciate的宾语，用动名词；第二空的动词和第一空是并列的，也用动名词。

②making　句意为：你不应该错过补习功课。短语miss doing sth.意为“错过做某事”，后跟动词­ing形式，故填making。

③helping　句意为：你无法想象我在帮助受伤的那个可怜的男孩和小狗时遇到了多么大的麻烦。have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，故填helping。

④being given　句意为：我非常感谢有机会在会议上提出我对AI的看法。appreciate doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“感激做某事”。此处the chance与give之间为被动关系。

⑤improving　句意：锻炼是改善你健康的关键。此处考查短语the key to doing sth.，意为“做某事的关键”，to是介词，其后接动名词。

⑥to post　句意：当你通过邮局时别忘了为我投上这封信。forget to do sth.意为“忘记去做某事”，表示事情未做；forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”，表示事情已发生，根据语境，此处是强调不要忘记，故填不定式。

⑦to eat　trying　句意为：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此美味以至于我忍不住地要尝一尝。考查固定短语mean to do (打算做), can't help doing (忍不住做)。本题需要注意区分mean to do (打算做)与mean doing (意味着做)和can't help to do (不能帮助做)与can't help doing (忍不住做)之间的含义。

⑧receiving　句意为：我记得我确实收到过这条信息，但现在找不到了，如果你不介意的话，请再发一次。remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，根据句意可知，此处应填动名词。注意remember to do sth.和remember doing sth.的区别，前者表示“记得要去做某事”；而后者表示“记得做过某事”。

(2)①showing　②running　③to make　④spending

⑤watching　⑥to work　⑦to tell　⑧to disappoint

⑨phoning　⑩to explain　⑪going

Ⅱ.

4．(1)①不填　注意，在表示三餐的名词前如有形容词修饰，则需加冠词，如have a heavy breakfast。

②不填　space作“宇宙；空间”解时，是抽象名词，通常不加冠词。

③不填　表示“玩……球”时，球类名词前无冠词。

④the　表示弹奏西洋乐器时，乐器名词前应用定冠词。

⑤不填　public places是复数名词短语，表示泛指概念，其前面不必用冠词。

⑥a　虽然knowledge是不可数名词，但有of English修饰，构成固定搭配a knowledge of，故用不定冠词。

⑦an　注意hour以元音音素开头，不定冠词应用an。

⑧the　考查the表示特指的用法。根据题意可知是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那位女士”。

⑨the　本句为“主语＋动词＋介词＋the＋身体部位”结构。

⑩a　此处success为抽象名词具体化，指“一件成功的事”。

(2)①year前的a→the　此处特指2090年，用the。

②删除第一个a　by train意为“乘火车”，by后直接加交通工具，此处为零冠词的用法。

③the→a　have a．..life为固定搭配，意为“过一种……的生活”。

④在ride前加a　give sb. a ride为固定搭配，意为“让某人搭便车”。

⑤leg前的a→the　谓语动词所及的身体部位前应用定冠词the。

⑥第一个the→a　表示泛指用不定冠词。

语法专练

Ⅰ.

1．going　2.Knowing　3.being reduced　4.Ignoring　5.is　6.Being equipped　7.reading　8.having　9.Her

10．president's　11.eating　12.introducing　13.adding/to add; improving　14.staying　15.looking　16.accepting　17.encouraging　18.looking　19.getting　20.confusing

Ⅱ.

1．the；a　2.the　3.an　4.A　5.The　6.an　7.the

8．the　9.the　10.a

Ⅲ.

A

1．tapping　2.annoying　3.looking　4.Handing

5．becoming　6.demanding　7.sleeping　8.analysing

9．Learning　10.speaking

B

1．a　2.The　3.the　4.the; the　5.a　6.a

Ⅳ.

1．His hobby is collecting stamps.

2．Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.

3．He began teaching English at the age of 25.

4．Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

5．I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.

6．The boy practises playing the piano every day.

7．We often go swimming together.

8．I regret not coming earlier.

9．He spent quite a lot of time doing that.

10．She is good at telling stories.