2023届高考英语二轮复习专题强化练（十一）含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习专题强化练（十一）含答案，共7页。
（2022·南京市、盐城市高三第一次模拟考试）Virtual reality can imprve the brain activity that may be crucial fr learning，memry and even treating Alzheimer's disease，a study n rats has fund.
After mnitring the rats' brain activity，researchers frm the University f Califrnia Ls Angeles discvered the electrical activity in a regin knwn as the hippcampus neurns differed depending n whether the rats were placed in real­wrld r VR envirnments.The new findings are significant as the hippcampus is a primary driver f learning and memry in the brain.
When rats walk arund in real life，the electrical activity in the hippcampus appears t synchrnize（使同步）at a rate f eight heartbeats per secnd.Heartbeats at this frequency are generally knwn as“theta（Θ）waves”，with strnger Θ waves seeming t imprve the brain's ability t learn and keep sensry infrmatin.When placed in a VR envirnment，the rats' Θ waves becme strnger.
“It turns ut that amazing things happen when the rats are in virtual reality，”said Prf Mayank Mehta frm UCLA.The scientists als fund that VR envirnments culd change different electrical rhythms（节律）in different parts f the neurns，which indicates that scientists may be able t cntrl human brain rhythms.
“This is a new technlgy that has great ptential，”Mehta said.The study als indicates why VR may stimulate these unique brain waves.A big part f it，Mehta puts，may be dwn t the very different set f stimuli presented in VR.
Imagine that yu're appraching a drway in real life.Yur eyes see the dr getting larger. But hw d yu knw that yu're mving frward and the dr isn't cming t yu？The answer is that yur brain uses infrmatin such as the acceleratin f yur head thrugh space r the shift f weight frm ne ft t the ther—infrmatin that may nt be present during a VR experience.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究员将老鼠置于真实世界和虚拟现实环境中，监测老鼠的海马体神经元的脑电活动。研究员发现，虚拟现实环境能够增强对学习、记忆力甚至治愈老年痴呆症至关重要的脑部活动。
1.Accrding t the passage，why are the new findings imprtant？
A.VR's cntributins t learning have finally been identified.
B.VR can affect the electrical activity in the hippcampus neurns.
C.VR prduces the same effects n brains as real envirnments.
D.VR is likely t becme anther driver f learning and memry.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，当老鼠在真实世界走动时，其海马体的电活动以每秒8个脉冲的速度同步活动，这个频率的心跳被称为Θ波。更强的Θ波似乎能提高大脑学习和保留感觉信息的能力，而在虚拟现实环境中，老鼠的Θ波变得更强。由此可见，新发现的重要性在于VR可以影响海马神经元的电活动。
答案：B
2.What can we learn abut theta waves？
A.They dn't respnd t different brain rhythms.
B.They remain stable in different envirnments.
C.They affect hw human perceive knwledge.
D.They have little t d with the rate f heartbeats.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Heartbeats at sensry infrmatin”可知，此频率的心跳被称为“Θ波”，它可提高大脑的学习能力和保留感觉信息的能力。由此可推知，“Θ波”影响人类认知知识的程度。
答案：C
3.What des the underlined wrd“ it”in Paragraph 5 refer t？
A.The ptential f the new technlgy.
B.The cntrl f human brain rhythms.
C.The change in different parts f neurns.
D.The stimulatin f the unique brain waves.
解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的“The study brain waves”可知，这项研究还表明了为什么虚拟现实可能刺激这些独特的脑波。由此可推知，Mehta发现，一大部分“对脑波的刺激”可能依赖于虚拟现实中的刺激物。故it指代“对脑波的刺激”。
答案：D
4.Hw des the authr intrduce VR's different set f stimuli？
A.By cnducting further tests n rats.
B.By cmparing different envirnments.
C.By prviding a detailed analysis.
D.By explaining the thery f VR.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，在真实世界中，人的肉眼看到大门越来越大，知道自己是在向前走去，而非大门向自己走来。这种情况是靠人脑使用了头在空中的加速度信息，或者通过一只脚到另一只脚重量的转换信息。由此可推知，作者是通过比较不同的环境来介绍虚拟现实的不同刺激物。
答案：B
B
（2022·广东高三模拟）A tp mtr shw pened n Tuesday with exhibitrs displaying their latest innvatins in electric cars in Munich，where Angela Merkel said the industry shuld be part f the slutin t climate change.
At the pening ceremny f the 2021 Internatinal Mtr Shw Germany，Merkel talked abut hw the German aut industry was unwilling t g int the develpment f electric cars several years ag，and nly regarded them as cncept cars.She then talked abut the huge prgress tward electric cars in the last few years.“I am pleased that it is nw unmistakable that the trend is tward electric cars，” said Merkel.She cautined against fcusing nly n battery­pwered cars，saying carmakers shuld als explre ther available energy such as hydrgen.“The mtr industry is nt just part f the climate prblem，but abve everything else，a central part f the slutin.”
Accrding t the Digital Aut Reprt 2021，climate change has made a big difference t mbility wrldwide.It fund the majrity f peple are willing t change their persnal mbility behaviur in rder t reduce carbn dixide emissins（排放物），with 70 percent f respndents in Germany，97 percent in China and 52 percent in the United States in favur f reducing their carbn ftprint.Switching t an electric vehicle is the preferred measure fr achieving this gal in China and in the US，while Germans wuld like t d mre walking r cycling.Hwever，in light f the widespread virus，many peple dn't travel by bus r subway as usual.This prvides great pprtunities fr the develpment f the mtr industry.
Thugh industrial leaders are advertising their idea fr electric cars and their sustainability，envirnmentalists are nt happy with that.Lcal plice had expected there wuld be 60，000 peple n Saturday t prtest against the shw.On the pening day，activists were seen hlding banners（横幅）and hanging them frm bridges abve mtrways，with wrds“Stp driving climate change”.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕德国国际车展展开，以此来分析汽车行业的发展趋势、发展原因以及环保人士对此的看法。
5.What des Merkel expect the German mtr industry t d？
A.Explre alternative energy surces.
B.Be aware f the functin f cncept cars.
C.Cncentrate n battery­pwered cars.
D.Be cautius abut develping electric cars.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She cautined against fcusing nly ther available energy such as hydrgen”可知，默克尔希望汽车行业不要只关注由电池驱动的汽车，也应该探索其他像氢气这样的可替代能源。
答案：A
6.What des“This”underlined in Paragraph 3 refer t？
A.The Chinese turning t electric cars.
B.The big mbility change in America.
C.The Germans' preference fr cycling.
D.The lw demand fr public transprt.
解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Hwever，in light f the widespread virus，many peple dn't travel by bus r subway as usual”可知，由于病毒，许多人都不像往常那样乘坐公共汽车或者地铁出行了，也就是说人们对公共交通的需求少了，这为汽车行为的发展提供了机遇。
答案：D
7.What is the envirnmentalists' attitude tward the develpment f electric cars？
A.Dubtful. B.Cautius.
C.Unfavurable. D.Psitive.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“envirnmentalists are nt happy with that”和“activists were seen hlding banners（横幅）...‘Stp driving climate change’”可知，环保主义者对电动汽车行业的发展持不赞成的态度。
答案：C
8.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text？
A.Climate Change Leads t Dwnward Mbility
B.German Mtr Shw Fcuses n Clean Future
C.Climate Change Restructures the Mtr Industry
D.German Mtr Shw Displays the Newest Mdels
解析：主旨大意题。文章首段介绍了在德国国际车展上，参展商展示了他们在电动汽车方面的最新发明。第二段引用默克尔在车展上的讲话，揭示了电动汽车的发展趋势，紧接着第三段作者分析了电动汽车发展的原因，最后一段介绍了环保人士对此的看法。
答案：B
C
Anyne wanting t help the pr may like this idea—recycling aluminum cans in a different way，which is apparently als gd fr the envirnment.S yu're actually killing tw birds with ne stne.It ges withut saying that recycling aluminum cans can save resurces，energy，time and mney.Peple usually save and place aluminum cans in the dustbins，which are then cllected and taken away by cleaners，wh will finally recycle them in the recycling centre.But if yu save the aluminum cans，and skip the cleaners，yu can save these same cans fr smething mre imprtant—helping the pr.In ther wrds，by ding less，yu are giving the envirnmental cause sme new significance.
Here is hw t put this idea int actin.Take yur aluminum cans and place them in a plastic bag.Fr the dirty nes，rinse them ut first.Stre the bag f clean aluminum cans.Once yu cllect abut ne hundred cans r mre，take the cans t the recycle centre yurself.There are abut eighteen aluminum cans in a pund.And yu can receive three t fur dllars fr ne hundred cans.Dnate yur three t fur dllars t the pr r any charity rganizatin f yur chice.
By nw，yu may wnder if yur few dllars have really made a difference t the pr. Cnsider this：Is there any individual r any specific event that is great enugh t change the wrld r decide the directin that histry takes？The answer is prbably n.What if there were a lt f peple wh wuld d the same thing？Histry shws nthing but the cllective will f the whle cmmunity.And that will surely be pwerful enugh t make a bigger difference.
G t yur cmmunity r yur schl and spread yur idea.Share yur idea and save yur aluminum cans with ther peple.One hundred peple can speak luder than ne.And the mney yu make by saving cans can be multiplied by ne hundred times.And if mre peple jin in the cause arund the wrld，an even larger difference can be made，and mre peple in need will enjy the benefits.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何利用回收铝罐来帮助贫困者，并呼吁更多的人加入到这项事业中来。
9.What's special abut the new idea？
A.It makes prfits.
B.It saves resurces.
C.It benefits the pr.
D.It invlves cleaners.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，通过回收铝罐来帮助贫困者的这一新想法的特别之处是它使贫困者受益。
答案：C
10.What can we infer frm Paragraph 2？
A.Dirty cans d nt sell well.
B.Yu decide wh receives the mney.
C.A hundred cans weigh abut 3 punds.
D.The recycle centre is cnveniently lcated.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句可推知，你可以决定捐款的对象，即可以决定谁会收到（你捐出的）这笔钱。
答案：B
11.What des the underlined wrd“that”in Paragraph 3 prbably refer t？
A.A great individual r event.
B.The directin histry takes.
C.The cllective will f peple.
D.The neighburhd yu live in.
解析：代词指代题。根据第三段最后两句可知，历史体现的只是整个社会的群体意志。而那必将足够强大到（对社会）产生更大的影响。由此可推知，that指代人们的群体意志，与C项意思相符。
答案：C
12.Which f the fllwing des the writer want t tell us？
A.Many hands make light wrk.
B.Kill tw birds with ne stne.
C.Dn't put the cart befre the hrse.
D.N man can d tw things at nce.
解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段最后一句可推知，这项事业需要更多的人加入进来以提供帮助。由此可推知，作者旨在通过本文告诉我们“众人拾柴火焰高”。
答案：A