高考英语二轮复习专题强化练(十一)含答案

这是一份高考英语二轮复习专题强化练(十一)含答案，共9页。

As a black wildlife bilgist frm Philadelphia，I std ut amng my cwrkers.My presence in eclgy has challenged assumptins abut nt nly what a bilgist lks like，but als where a bilgist cmes frm.In the U．S.，eclgy was cnducted in rural landscapes，but I had n histry f camping，fishing，hunting r hiking.I had yet t recgnize that Philadelphia，with its fur seasns and the richness f squirrels(松鼠)，rw huses and festivals，was actually my first eclgical classrm.There I witnessed wild cats eating birds and rats，peple shting bats frm their hmes and snakes being killed by lawnmwers(割草机)．This is as much eclgy in actin as anything we witness in fields and frests.
Urban wild animals exhibit many features and behavirs that set them apart frm their rural twins：They may be bigger，eat mre diverse fd，are active at different times f the day，mve differently and have different persnalities.Sme bilgists argue they are even“smarter”．Besides，urban wildlife balances mre risks—such as rad chemical pisns and diseases frm dmestic animals—with rewards.Sme f thse rewards cme frm humans prviding fd and sme frm the distributin f ur parks and water bdies.
In ur prfessinal lives as bilgists，living with such wild animals can make us mre tlerant f species diversity，which can benefit the natural wrld.Nature is n lnger nly primitive wilderness but includes sunds f human laughter and garbage trucks.We expect mre bilgists frm urban settings because urban envirnments naturally train keen bservers wh are the future f eclgy.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”是一位来自费城的黑人野生动物生物学家，在同事中脱颖而出。“我”观察到费城的野生动物不仅更能适应环境，还使得生物学家对生物多样性更加包容。
1．Which made the authr stand ut amng his cwrkers?
A．His natinality.
B．His city backgrund.
C．His interest in utdr activities.
D．His lve fr animals.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a black a bilgist cmes frm”可知，作者是来自费城的黑人野生动物生物学家。由此可知，作者的城市背景让其在同事中脱颖而出。
答案：B
2．What des the underlined “they” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Urban wild animals. B．Rural animals.
C．Dmestic animals. D．Wildlife bilgists.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句话的内容可知，城市野生动物有不同于农村野生动物的特征和行为，它们的体形可能更大，吃的食物更多样化，在一天中的不同时间活动，行动方式不同，性格也不同。结合画线词所在句可知，“they”指代上句的主语“Urban wild animals”。
答案：A
3．What d we knw abut urban wild animals?
A．They have truble in getting fd.
B．They enjy safer living cnditins.
C．They d better in fighting diseases.
D．They are mre adaptable t envirnment.
解析：细节理解题。各选项分析如下：
答案：D
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Urban Wild Animals Survive
B．Benefits f City Cnservatin
C．Cities Build Better Bilgists
D．A Black Bilgist frm Philadelphia
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段的尾句“We expect future f eclgy”，再结合全文内容可知，本文从一位来自费城的黑人野生动物生物学家的角度阐述了城市环境能培养更好的野生动物生物学家的道理。
答案：C
B
(2023·南京市盐城市高三一模)Des yur life ever feel as if yu're pushing a heavy car— ne n which yu've spent much mney and that has nw brken dwn？Yu've dne everything right：yu haven't invested heavily in a new business r quit yur jb t pursue yur childhd dream f becming a prfessinal athlete.Yu have been a sensible adult living yur sensible life.S why des it feel like such hard wrk?
This has been me fr the past few mnths.Earlier this year，I tk a lng hard lk at my surces f incme and decided t fcus n the nes that prvided the mst mney.I'm lucky enugh t have had a gd financial year.But despite ding the right thing，it has used up my energy and I've wrked ut why.
Years ag，I realized that I disliked hard wrk.Dn't get me wrng.I dn't mind wrking hard，but hard wrk isn't fr me.What's the difference？Fr a start，hard wrk feels as if it never really gets ging.Yu can push hard wrk and it might mve a little but there's n celebratry mment when it gets dne.Mst imprtantly，hard wrk lacks jy.Wrking hard n a prject yu feel excited and mved by can be tiring and difficult，but it's ultimately jyful and that is what I've been missing.
S I asked myself what wuld feel scary but jyful and this is the answer.I'm ging t write a rmance.Of curse，being a middle­aged jurnalist wh suddenly decides t write a bk is nthing nvel.Hwever，fr me，it hits the sweet spt between being jyful enugh t make me want t d it and scary enugh t make me feel it's wrthwhile.
As with all gd middle­aged changes，this ne hasn't really been thught thrugh.I knw little abut writing fictin and even less abut what makes a gd bk.I have the thinnest ideas fr a plt but，fr the first time in a while，I'm excited，I will be anther Jane Austen with my fantasies which give me life.S nw，I have t g and sharpen my pencil.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者发现在一个让自己感到兴奋和感动的项目上努力工作可能会很累、很困难，但最终是快乐的，这是作者一直错过的工作和生活，后来，作者决定尝试写一本书，虽然这不是什么新鲜事，却让作者第一次感受到了兴奋。
5．What can best describe the authr's current feeling abut life?
A．A new business makes her feet fresh.
B．She has gt everything under her cntrl.
C．She is cnflicted abut living a sensible life.
D．A childhd dream inspires her t make mre effrts.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“Yu have been a sensible adult living yur sensible life.S why des it feel like such hard wrk？”可知，作者对理智的生活感到矛盾。
答案：C
6．What des the underlined wrd“it”in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Living a rather sensible life.
B．Identifying incme surces.
C．Discvering new life gals.
D．Srting ut the authr's jbs.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Yu have been a sensible hard wrk？”以及第二段的“This has been t fcus n the nes that prvided the mst ding the right thing”可知，第二段画线词it指的是过着理智的生活，故A项正确。
答案：A
7．What's the authr's understanding f hard wrk and wrking hard?
A．Jurnalism is a career wrth wrking hard.
B．Hard wrk is smething either sweet r tiring.
C．Writing a rmance is difficult but rewarding.
D．Wrking hard rarely brings abut satisfactin.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Hwever，fr me，it hits the sweet spt between being jyful enugh t make me want t d it and scary enugh t make me feel it's wrthwhile”可知，作者认为写浪漫小说很难，但是非常值得。
答案：C
8．What is prbably the best title fr the text?
A．Dare t attempt
B．Middle­aged jb crisis
C．The celebratry mment
D．A future Jane Austen
解析：主旨大意题。作者感到生活不如意，在勇取尝试写小说后，找到了人生的乐趣，与A项“Dare t attempt”意义一致。
答案：A
C
(2023·广州市高三二模)Virtual reality can imprve the brain activity that may be crucial fr learning，memry and even treating Alzheimer's disease，a study n rats has fund.
After mnitring the rats' brain activity，researchers frm the University f Califrnia Ls Angeles discvered the electrical activity in a regin knwn as the hippcampus neurns differed depending n whether the rats were placed in real­wrld r VR envirnments.The new findings are significant as the hippcampus is a primary driver f learning and memry in the brain.
When rats walk arund in real life，the electrical activity in the hippcampus appears t synchrnize(使同步)at a rate f eight heartbeats per secnd.Heartbeats at this frequency are generally knwn as“theta(Θ)waves”，with strnger Θ waves seeming t imprve the brain's ability t learn and keep sensry infrmatin.When placed in a VR envirnment，the rats'Θ waves becme strnger.
“It turns ut that amazing things happen when the rats are in virtual reality，”said Prf Mayank Mehta frm UCLA.The scientists als fund that VR envirnments culd change different electrical rhythms(节律)in different parts f the neurns，which indicates that scientists may be able t cntrl human brain rhythms.
“This is a new technlgy that has great ptential，”Mehta said.The study als indicates why VR may stimulate these unique brain waves.A big part f it，Mehta puts，may be dwn t the very different set f stimuli presented in VR.
Imagine that yu're appraching a drway in real life.Yur eyes see the dr getting larger. But hw d yu knw that yu're mving frward and the dr isn't cming t yu？The answer is that yur brain uses infrmatin such as the acceleratin f yur head thrugh space r the shift f weight frm ne ft t the ther—infrmatin that may nt be present during a VR experience.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究员将老鼠置于真实世界和虚拟现实环境中，监测老鼠的海马体神经元的脑电活动。研究员发现，虚拟现实环境能够增强对学习、记忆力甚至治愈老年痴呆症至关重要的脑部活动。
9．Accrding t the passage，why are the new findings imprtant?
A．VR's cntributins t learning have finally been identified.
B．VR can affect the electrical activity in the hippcampus neurns.
C．VR prduces the same effects n brains as real envirnments.
D．VR is likely t becme anther driver f learning and memry.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，当老鼠在真实世界走动时，其海马体的电活动以每秒8个脉冲的速度同步活动，这个频率的心跳被称为Θ波。更强的Θ波似乎能提高大脑学习和保留感觉信息的能力，而在虚拟现实环境中，老鼠的Θ波变得更强。由此可见，新发现的重要性在于VR可以影响海马神经元的电活动。
答案：B
10．What can we learn abut theta waves?
A．They dn't respnd t different brain rhythms.
B．They remain stable in different envirnments.
C．They affect hw human perceive knwledge.
D．They have little t d with the rate f heartbeats.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Heartbeats at sensry infrmatin”可知，此频率的心跳被称为“Θ波”，它可提高大脑的学习能力和保留感觉信息的能力。由此可推知，“Θ波”影响人类认知知识的程度。
答案：C
11．What des the underlined wrd“it” in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A．The ptential f the new technlgy.
B．The cntrl f human brain rhythms.
C．The change in different parts f neurns.
D．The stimulatin f the unique brain waves.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“The study brain waves”可知，这项研究还表明了为什么虚拟现实可能刺激这些独特的脑波。由此可推知，Mehta发现，一大部分“对脑波的刺激”可能依赖于虚拟现实中的刺激物。故it指代“对脑波的刺激”。
答案：D
12．Hw des the authr intrduce VR's different set f stimuli?
A．By cnducting further tests n rats.
B．By cmparing different envirnments.
C．By prviding a detailed analysis.
D．By explaining the thery f VR.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，在真实世界中，人的肉眼看到大门越来越大，知道自己是在向前走去，而非大门向自己走来。这种情况是靠人脑使用了头在空中的加速度信息，或者通过一只脚到另一只脚重量的转换信息。由此可推知．作者是通过比较不同的环境来介绍虚拟现实的不同刺激物。
答案：B
A
主观臆断——根据第三段中的“eat mre diverse fd”可知，城市野生动物吃的食物更多样，故A项与文意相反
B
主观臆断——根据第三段中的“urban wildlife balances mre risks—such as rad chemical pisns and diseases frm dmestic animals”可知，城市野生动物还要平衡更多的风险，例如道路化学毒物和家畜疾病，故B项与文意相反
C
无中生有——第三段中并没有提及城市野生动物对抗疾病的情况，实际描述的是它们更能适应城市生活的环境
D
根据第三段中的“urban —with rewards”可知，城市野生动物还要平衡更多的风险，例如道路化学毒物和家畜疾病，由此可知，城市野生动物更能适应环境