人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Unit 1 What’s the matter?Section B学案设计

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

Section B & Self Check

教材知识全解 讲透知识 查漏补缺

知识点一 take after的用法

教材原文 I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈.

take after 意为“(外貌或行为)像”.

My daughter does not take after me at all.我女儿一点儿都不像我.

拓展 常见的take短语有:

take down写下;拆除

take off起飞;脱掉

take out切除;获得

take away带走

take up 占用

take in 吸收

take over 接管

take back 收回

例1-You always help others. That's very nice of you.

-I think I_________ my father; he likes helping others, too.

解析 句意:--你总是帮助别人,你真好.-我想我像我爸爸,他也喜欢帮助别人.take after意为“(外貌或行为)像”;look after 意为“照顾”;look at意为“看”;run after意为“追赶”.由语境可知在乐于助人这方面和爸爸像,故A项符合题意.

答案 A

知识点二 give away的用法

教材原文 I gave it away.我把它捐了出去.

give away是固定搭配,意为“赠送;捐赠”.它的宾语有两种情况:

The old man gave away his money to Project Hope.＝The old man gave his money away to Project Hope.

那位老人把他的钱捐给了希望工程.

Lily had an old bike and she decided to give it away.莉莉有一辆旧的自行车,她决定把它捐出去.

拓展 常见的“动词＋away”的短语有:

throw away扔掉;丢弃

go away 离开

run away 逃跑

put away 收起来

get away 逃离

give away 捐赠

stay away 远离

pass away 逝世

keep away离开;不接近

take away带走

例2 (2020湖南长沙长郡双语实验学校月考)My mother_________ our old clothes to the charity every year.

解析 句意:我妈妈每年把我们的旧衣服捐赠给慈善机构.give out“分发”;give away“捐赠”;give up“放弃”.根据

“our old clothes to the charity”可知此处应是“捐赠”,故选B.

答案 B

知识点三 be similar to的用法

教材原文 I'm similar to her.我与她相像.

be similar to表示“和······相似;和······类似”.similar作形容词,意为“相似的;类似的”.

Her dress is very similar to mine in color.她的连衣裙在颜色上和我的很相似.

The two buildings are similar on the whole.从整体来看,这两幢楼是相似的.

例3(2020黑龙江佳木斯抚远四中期中)-Are you similar_________ your mother?

-No. I take_________ my father.

解析take after 意为“(外貌或行为)像”;be similar to...意为“与······相似”,故答案选C.

答案 C

知识点四 被动语态的用法

教材原文 I'm sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.我确定你知道这个团体是为了帮助像我一样的残疾人而设立的.

此句运用了一般过去时的被动语态.一般过去时的被动语态的结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”.

I wasn't invited to the party.我没被邀请去参加那次聚会.

拓展 几种不同时态的被动语态:

English is spoken in many parts of the world.世界上许多地方都说英语

The classroom is being cleaned by the students.学生们正在打扫教室

The paper will be finished soon.这篇论文不久就会被完成.

More and more new factories have been built.越来越多的新工厂被建成了.

一语巧记 从构成方式上看,可以巧记为:

被动语态必有be done,时态都在be上转换.

例4(2020黑龙江哈尔滨中考)-What language_________ in Canada?

-Both English and French.

解析 考查被动语态.句意:-在加拿大说什么语言?-英语和法语.句子主语与谓语动词speak之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故答案选A.

答案 A

知识点五 set up的用法

教材原文 I'm sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.我确定你知道这个团体是为了帮助像我一样的残疾人而设立的.

set up 意为“设立;建起”.

The company was set up last year.这家公司是去年创办的.

例5(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔三中期中)They_________ an organization to help the children in poor areas.

解析 句意:他们建立了一个帮助贫困地区孩子的组织.put up 意为“举起;张贴”;set up 意为“设立;建立”;take up意为“占据;开始从事”.根据an organization 可知B项符合题意.

答案 B

知识点六make it+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.

教材原文 You helped to make it possible for me to have.有了你的帮助,我才有可能拥有Lucky.

make it+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.意为“使(某人)做某事是······的”,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语.类似这种用法的动词还有 think, find等.

Spaceships make it possible to travel to the moon.宇宙飞船使去月球旅行成为可能.

例6 (2020湖北襄阳二十中月考)Studying hard makes_________ possible for me to go to university.

解析 句意:努力学习使我上大学成为可能.make it possible for sb. to do sth.表示“使某人做某事成为可能”.故

选A.

答案 A

知识点七 difficulty的用法

教材原文Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties.大多数人永远不会考虑这个,但很多人却有这些困难.

difficulty 作名词,意为“困难;难题”,既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词.常用词组是have difficulty in doing st.,意为“做某事有困难”,其中介词in可以省略.

We must struggle with difficulties.我们必须和困难作斗争.

I once asked him if he had difficulty (in) keeping five children in school.

我曾经问过他供五个孩子上学是否有困难.

拓展 同根词:difficult adj.困难的

It's difficult to understand what she's talking about.听懂她在讲些什么很难.

巧记The task was not difficult at all. We finished it without any difficulty.

这个任务一点都不难.我们毫无困难地就完成了它.

例7(2020安徽阜阳太和三校联考)-I have great_________ in learning art. Could you help me?

-Sure.

解析 句意:-我学习美术有很大的困难.你能帮我吗?-当然可以.have difficulty(in)doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”,是固定搭配.

答案 D

知识点八 be excited about的用法

教材原文 I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.我爱动物,我对拥有一只狗的想法兴奋不已.

be excited about 是固定搭配,意为“因······而兴奋不已”,其中excited作形容词,意为“感到兴奋的”.

We were excited about the good news.我们因那则好消息而兴奋不已

拓展同根词

Excite  v.使激动;使兴奋

Excited  adj.激动的;兴奋的 常用来修饰人

Exciting  adj.令人激动的;令人兴奋的 常用来修饰事或物

Excitement  n.激动;兴奋

The news of the victory excited everybody.胜利的消息使每个人都兴奋.

He was excited to hear the news.他听到那则消息感到很激动.

The football match we watched last Sunday was very exciting.我们上个星期天看的足球赛很令人兴奋.

The children shouted in excitement.孩子们兴奋地大声喊叫.

例8(2020吉林长春农安五中月考)He was_________ about that_________ news.

解析 句意:他对那个激动人心的消息感到兴奋.exciting“令人激动的”;excited“感到兴奋的”.第一空修饰主语He,用excited,第二空修饰不可数名词news,用exciting.故答案选B.

答案 B

重点难点全解 精讲精解 精准高效

动词不定式的用法

动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,否定结构是“not to+动词原形”.动词不定式在句中不能作谓语,其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化.动词不定式的用法如下:

1.动词不定式的句法功能

2.“疑问词＋不定式”结构

动词不定式可以用在疑问词what、how、when、where等之后,该结构可作主语、宾语、表语等.

How to get there is a problem.怎样去那里是个问题.(作主语)

I don't know what to say.我不知道说什么.(作宾语)

The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语.(作表语)

注意 当“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语时,通常可以和宾语从句进行同义转换.

They are talking about how to get there.＝They are talking about how they can get there.

他们正在讨论怎样去那里.

3.含动词不定式的常用搭配

(1)有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语.此类动词有plan、hope、agree、decide等.

We plan to go climbing.我们打算去爬山.

My father agreed to take us to the museum.我爸爸同意带我们去博物馆.

They decided to join the swimming club.他们决定加入游泳俱乐部.

(2)有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语.此类搭配有:

单元语法全解 熟悉句型 把握差额

could 表达建议

在本单元中,我们学到了用could来表达建议的用法.此时could可以翻译为“可以”,could用于表达建议时语气较委婉,不是can的过去式.

You could write him a letter.你可以给他写一封信.

You could help to clean the park.你可以帮助打扫公园.

拓展 could还可以是can的过去式,可表示过去具备的能力.

She couldn't dress herself until five.她直到五岁才会自己穿衣服.

易错易混全解 对比辨析 跳出陷阱

1.repair,mend,fix

When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.当我到家的时候,我哥哥正在修理他的收音机.

My kite is broken. Can you mend it?我的风筝坏了.你能修一下它吗?

He's outside fixing the brakes of the car.他正在外面修理汽车的刹车.

2.alone, lonely

He is not alone at home.他不是一个人在家.(作表语)

Leave him alone|别管他！(作宾语补足语)

She lives alone,她一个人生活.

I was alone, but I did not feel lonely,我独自一人,但我不感到寂寞.

3.Miss, Mrs., madam

This is Miss Lin. She is in Beijing now.这是林小姐,她现在在北京.

Mrs. Wang is my good friend; we like going shopping together.王太太是我的好朋友,我们喜欢一起去购物.

Can I help you, madam?女士,需要帮忙吗?

4.bring, take, carry, fetch

Why don't you bring your girlfriend to the party?你为什么不带你的女友来参加聚会?

Please take these books to the library for me.请给我把这些书带到图书馆去.

He always carries a pocket dictionary with him.他总是随身携带一本袖珍字典.

The bus carried me to the park yesterday.昨天公共汽车把我拉到了公园.

Please go to the kitchen and fetch me a cup of tea.请去厨房给我取一杯茶.