Unit 5 First Aid 泛读技能初养成

阅读P56教材课文，选择最佳答案。1．Who choked on some steak while having a dinner?A．Chen Wei.　　　 B．Chen Wei's friend.C．Zhang Tao. D．Zhang Tao's friend.2．How did Chen Wei help Zhang Tao out of danger?A．By doing the Heimlich manoeuvre.B．By slapping him on the back.C．By helping him to his feet.D．By taking him to hospital.3．What will happen to a choking person?A．He can't stand up.B．He can't see anything.C．He can't speak any more.D．He can't walk around.4．What should you do if a child chokes on something?A．Slap the victim's stomach hard.B．Pull the obstruction out of his mouth.C．Place your fist in the upper part of his stomach.D．Lay his face down and slap his upper back.[答案]　1－4　CACDWords And Phrases　panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌  n．惊恐；恐慌(教材P55)　Listen carefully and don't panic.仔细听，不要惊慌。[例1]　I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。[例2]　There was a panic when the building caught fire.大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。[翻译]　人们听到枪声感到惊慌。The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns.[知识拓展](1)panic over/at  因……而恐慌；对……感到惊慌失措panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事(2)get into a panic   陷入恐慌(动作)be in a panic    陷入恐慌(状态)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He panicked over/at this accident.②Many landowners were panicked (panic) into leaving the country at that time.③She got into a panic when she couldn't find the tickets.④The girl is in a panic.Try to help her calm down.　(教材P56)　Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。(1)interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰  vt.使暂停；使中断[例1]　I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?对不起，打断你一下，但他们怎么会住在这儿呢？[例2]　It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.在别人讲话时打断他是不礼貌的。[翻译]　我正忙的时候请不要来打扰我。Don't interrupt me when I am busy.[知识拓展](1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)　　　　　　　　 (因某事)打断某人/某事be interrupted by    被……打断(2)interruption n.    打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物without interruption   连续地；不断地[即学即练]　单句语法填空①It is bad manners to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.②Let's go somewhere where we can talk without interruption (interrupt)．③They were interrupted (interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.(2)scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫  n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音[例1]　People were staggering about，screaming with pain.人们跌跌撞撞地四处乱跑，痛苦地尖叫着。[例2]　People ran for the exits，screaming out in terror.人们奔向出口，恐惧地尖叫着。[翻译]　整个屋子都能听到她那高声的尖叫。Her loud screams could be heard all over the house.[知识拓展]scream at　　 朝……尖叫scream for    为……而喊叫scream out    尖声喊出；尖叫着[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①The trapped passengers screamed for help.②She screamed at me to get out of the way.③She screamed out that she had lost her passport.她尖声嚷着她把护照弄丢了。　desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的(教材P56)　He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.现在他正掐着自己的喉咙，红着脸，而他绝望的朋友们在拍打着他的背。[例1]　They made a desperate attempt to save the company.他们为挽救公司作孤注一掷的努力。[例2]　They are desperate to escape.他们急于想逃跑。[翻译]　突然丢钱使他很绝望。The sudden loss of his money made him desperate.[知识拓展](1)be desperate about 对……绝望be desperate for   极想要……be desperate to do...   渴望做某事(2)desperately adv.    绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The man in the river desperately (desperate) tried to reach the side.②He was desperate for work to provide food for his children.③He is desperate to pursue (pursue) his vocation as an artist.　justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由(教材P56)　How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing？我怎么能证明坐在那里什么都不做是正当的呢？[例1]　He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。[例2]　How can you justify spending so much money？你怎么能对花掉这么多钱做出令人满意的解释呢？[翻译]　你能证明你有着充分理由可以那样说吗？Can you justify yourself in saying that?[知识拓展]justify (doing) sth.　 证明……正当justify...to   向……证明……合理justify oneself in doing... 在做某事证明自己[即学即练]　单句语法填空①How will you justify this pay cut to your employees?②The decision is justified (justify) on the grounds that there is no realistic alternative.③He is fully justified in doing (do) so.Sentence Pattern　have sth. done结构(教材P56)　Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。句式分析：句中had his dinner interrupted是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，his dinner与动词interrupt之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。[例1]　The boss had me set down what people present at the meeting said.老板让我记录下出席会议的人员所说的话。[例2]　The patient is going to have his temperature taken.这个病人准备请人量体温。[翻译]　不幸的是，他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。Unfortunately，he had his right leg injured during the training.[知识拓展](1)have/get sth. done可以表示：使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)；遭遇/经历(此事违背主语的意愿)。若宾语和宾补之间是主动关系则用：(2)have sb. do sth.(do强调做某事这一事实)(3)have sb./sth. doing (doing强调持续进行某一动作) [即学即练]　完成句子①There's something wrong with my computer，so I have to have/get it repaired．我的电脑出了问题，所以我得让人修理一下。②He was very funny and had us laughing all the way.他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。③The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day．老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。[名师点津]have sth. done相当于make/get sth. done；不管“have sth. done”结构表示何种意义，sth.与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。观点态度题[典例剖析]Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?A．Cautious.B．Favorable.C．Ambiguous.  D．Disapproving.★试题特点文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。题干中常有think of，attitude，opinion等词。★解题思路Step 1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)Step 2：根据关键词定位信息句(□中句)Step 3：尝试解答——根据信息句“政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，使车辆更容易飞行”可判断出，政府对研制飞车持支持的态度。故选B。★名师点津四个关注点看清楚谁对什么的态度留意那些表达情感、态度或观点的词(动词、形容词、副词等)语或句子关注首段首尾句，根据文章主题定观点不要掺杂自己的观点熟悉四类选项常用词汇肯定positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；enthusiastic热情的否定negative 否定的，消极的；disapproval 不赞成；critical 批评的怀疑suspicious可疑的，怀疑的；doubtful可疑的；puzzled迷惑的客观objective客观的；neutral中立的[即学即练]AGoing to university is supposed to be a mind­broadening experience.That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school.But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tubingen，in Germany，reports in Psychological Science this week that those who have been to university indeed seem to leave with broader and more curious minds than those who have spent their immediate post­school years in vocational (职业的) training for work.However，it was not the case that university broadened minds.Rather，vocational training for work seemed to have narrowed them.The result is not quite what might be expected.Dr.Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2，095 German youngsters.The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers' personality traits (特点) including openness，conscientiousness (认真) and so on，and attitudes such as realistic，investigative and enterprising twice，once towards the end of each volunteer's time at high school，and then again six years later.Of the original group，382 had to make a choice between the academic and vocational routes，and it was on these that the researchers focused.University beckoned for 212 of them.The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.When it came to the second round of tests，Dr.Golle found that the personalities of both groups had not changed significantly.As for changes in attitude，again，none were noticeable in the university group.However，those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature.And that might restrict their choice of careers.The changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were more worrying.Vocational training has always been what Germany prides itself on.If Dr. Golle is correct，and changes in attitude brought about by the very training are narrowing people's choices that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.What is the author's attitude towards the finding?A．Skeptical.　 B．Optimistic.C．Concerned. D．Unclear.C　[根据最后一段内容，特别是“The changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were more worrying.Vocational training has always been what Germany prides itself on.”可知，职业训练存在降低学生的兴趣、限制职业选择的缺点，但德国人却以职业训练为傲，这引起了作者的担忧，故选C。]BReyes Clark，the owner of Yemaya a pop­up business，is part of a movement in El Salvador，composed of young chefs who are making traditional foods into contemporary cuisine.“We used to go to McDonald's and Pizza Hut a lot when we were kids.We thought it was cool，” she says.“Anything from the U．S.was considered better than here.But attitudes about American fast food are changing.Salvadorans are becoming more curious about ancestral vegetables and herbs.”Reyes Clark picks up a piece of paterna，a large seedy green pod(豆荚) that grows all over the country.“I'm going to make hummus(豆沙) out of the seeds，” she says.“The first time I made it for my friends，they thought I was crazy，but then when they tasted it，they were surprised by how good it was.”Paterna，along with leafy green nutritional powerhouses—mora，chipilin and chaya—grow easily in the wild，but over the years they have been replaced with processed foods.“You are not going to find paterna in the supermarket，”Reyes Clark says.“This is because most of El Salvador's food culture was wiped out，” says Luis May，a doctor who focuses on locally sourced food as medicine.He has a garden behind his office where he grows many local plants and teaches his visitors about their nutritional value.He says，“Nearly 500 years ago，the Spanish rulers abolished many local foods.”Mirandal is a chefs at a newly opened restaurant Boca Boca，hidden in a tree­lined area of San Salvador，where they focus on what they call food nostalgia(乡愁)．“We take old plants from the farming areas and combine them in new ways.The taste is new and exciting for our generation，and brings back a flood of good memories for the older people，” Mirandal says.Mirandal's 68­year­old grandmother，Elva Duran，is thrilled to see these foods making a comeback.“When I was young，we didn't have fast­food chains that have no health value，” she says.“I think it's incredible that this generation is taking steps to keep our roots alive.”What's the old people's attitude towards the movement?A．Approving.　　 B．Skeptical.C．Objective. D．Neutral.A　[根据最后一段可知， 68岁的祖母Elva Duran很高兴看到这些食物卷土重来。“当我年轻的时候，我们没有健康价值的快餐连锁店，”她说。“我认为，这一代人正在采取措施保持我们的传统，这令人难以置信。”由此可知，老人对运动的态度是支持的。故选A。]