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2021-2022学年黑龙江省大庆市实验中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2021-2022学年黑龙江省大庆市实验中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共32页。试卷主要包含了 B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
大庆实验中学实验一部2020级高（二）下学期期末考试
英语试题
说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共两节20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is new at Uncle Jim’s farm?
A. Cows. B. Sheep. C. Goats.
2. What does the woman want about a new car?
A. A smoother ride. B. A larger size. C. The cheaper fuel.
3. What is the woman scared to do?
A. Make a new dish. B. Eat the food. C. Lie to the man.
4. What does the woman think of the man?
A. He isn’t hard-working. B. He isn’t strong. C. He isn’t polite.
5. What does the man find hard to understand?
A. How to plan a book. B. What to write about. C. Where to find the time.
第二节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。
6. Who is the man in the conversation?
A. The woman’s father. B. The woman’s friend. C. The woman’s teacher.
7. When does the woman need her computer by?
A. Tonight. B. Tomorrow night. C. Friday morning.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. Where are the speakers?
A. In their house. B. In the bank. C. In the mall.
9. How much does the man want to pay Betty?
A. $300. B. $150. C. $100.
10. What did Betty leave behind?
A. Her clothes. B. Her money. C. Her food.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. What is the man helping the woman with?
A. Parking. B. Driving. C. Giving directions.
12. For what reason is Jackson Avenue closed?
A The road work. B. A traffic accident. C. The bad weather.
13. Why should the woman park on Front Street for the night?
A. It is free.
B. She has a lot of bags.
C. Her car would be stuck on Jackson Avenue.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。
14. Why does the man think highly of Michael Jordan?
A. He is successful after he retired.
B. He was the best player in a number of ways.
C. He beat the man’s favorite team many times.
15. How many times did Michael Jordan play on the all-star team?
A. 9. B. 10. C. 14.
16. What does Michael Jordan do after retiring?
A. He teaches basketball in a high school.
B. He plays in a senior league.
C. He runs his clothing business.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What makes whale sharks different from other sharks?
A. They are gentle. B. They attack people. C. They never eat sea creatures.
18. Why do scientists have trouble finding out the ages of older whale sharks?
A. They live long lives. B. The population is small. C. Their home changes often.
19. What caused the mark in the bone of the dead whale shark?
A. The food. B. The radiation. C. The fishing.
20. How long can a whale shark live according to the scientists?
A. For about 20 years. B. For about 50 years. C. For about 100 years.
第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
English Poetry Competition of 2022
Enter your poem for a chance to win something! Our poetry contest is held twice a year. Write a poem about how the pandemic (疫情) has changed your life.
Prizes
The contest awards one first place prize of $2,000 and a first prize wall plaque ($100 value); twenty second place prizes of $100 each and a second place wall plaque ($75 value); one hundred third place winners of a third place wall plaque ($25 value).
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification (取消资格).
IMPORTANT:
☆Poet must be at least thirteen years of age.
☆Only one poem per person, per family is allowed.
☆A poem in its entirety must be an original work by the person centering the contest.
☆All entries are judged anonymously (匿名地). Please do not include your name, address, phone number, etc., or your entry will be disqualified.
Deadline: Email your entry by 31st May 2022.
Length: 42 lines max. No minimum. Title not included in the line count.
Format: Entries must be typed. We do not accept handwritten submissions.
Fees: £10 per poem.
Judging: The judges’ decision is final and no individual correspondence (通信) can be entered into. Judges are unable to comment on individual entries. Judging is fair.
Copyright: Worldwide copyright of each entry remains with the author but the Bridport Prize has unrestricted rights to publish the winning and highly praised poems.
1. What can we learn about the poetry competition?
A. It takes place every two years.
B. It focuses on personal growth.
C. Poets have to pay for it
D. It gives feedback on each entry.
2. How many entries can a family with 4 members submit?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Typing your poem out.
B. Writing a poem of 40 lines.
C. Emailing your entry on March 30.
D. Including personal information in your entry.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍2022年度the Bridport Prize英语诗歌大赛的具体事宜。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Our poetry contest is held twice a year. (我们的诗歌比赛每年举行两次)”可知，诗歌比赛一年举行两次，所以排除选项A.It takes place every two years.(它每两年举行一次)。由第一段最后一句“Write a poem about how the pandemic (疫情) has changed your life.(写一首关于疫情是如何改变了你的生活的诗)”，而选项B. It focuses on personal growth(它关注个人成长)，两者不是很贴切，故排除选项B。由倒数第二段“ Judges are unable to comment on individual entries (评委无法对个人参赛作品发表评论)”可知，评委无法对个别参赛作品发表评论，所以选项D. It gives feedback on each entry.(它对每一个参赛作品给出反馈)被排除。由“Fees: £10 per poem (费用：每首诗10英镑)”可知，每首诗的参赛费用为10英镑，所以诗人要支付费用。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由“IMPORTANT: ☆Only one poem per person, per family is allowed. (重要事项：每个家庭每人只能写一首诗)”可知：比赛规则规定每户人家每个人只允许写一首诗。所以，“a family with 4 members(一个四口之家)”可以提交4首参赛作品。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据IMPORTANT部分的“☆All entries are judged anonymously (匿名地). Please do not include your name, address, phone number, etc., or your entry will be disqualified. (所有参赛作品都将匿名进行评审。请勿填写姓名、地址、电话等，否则将被取消参赛资格)”可知，所有参赛作品都是匿名评判，所以不能在参赛作品中出现参赛者的姓名、地址、电话号码等，否则报名将被取消资格。故选D项。
B
The world becomes a better place when we not only recognize that everyone has bad days, but when we also care enough to act accordingly. No matter what kind of bad experience we experience, we should treat it actively. Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognized this, and she found an amazing way to help out both her students and their families.
A few years ago, the Kansas teacher attended a trauma (心理创伤) conference. She learned that some police stations partner with schools so they can let teachers know when one of their students has a police encounter, something that could cause them to need extra care or attention. A year after the conference, Rachel had a student with autism (自闭症) who frequently had tough days. To support the student, Rachel told his mom to simply text her “handle with care” to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.
The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with a note for their parents. It explained what the “Handle with Care” system was and how they could take advantage of it. In no time, parents began to show their appreciation for Rachel’s incredible act of kindness. But Rachel’s sympathy didn’t end with her class. Word spread of the amazing system, and teachers across the country began giving it a shot in their own classrooms. Printouts can be found on the Smart School House website, and the feedback has been extremely positive!
Even though teachers can sometimes tell when a student is having a tough day just by the way they’re acting, Rachel said these simple texts allow educators to make minor adjustments in advance that, in turn, make the whole day better for everyone. “It’s important for me to give kids a few minutes of extra time or space,” she said, “and it’s easy to give.”
4. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The tough time in life. B. The beauty of nature.
C. A positive attitude to hardship. D. An extreme working style.
5. How did Rachel help the student with autism?
A. By supporting him to do what he wants. B. By discussing his trauma in a conference.
C. By knowing his state at home from his mother. D. By getting assistance from some police stations.
6. Why did Rachel send notes to the parents of all her students?
A. To prove the behavior is efficient. B. To inform the parents of her method.
C. To explain the kindness to the parents. D. To gain the parents’ sympathy for herself.
7. Which of the following can best describe Rachel?
A. Curious and courageous. B. Energetic and grateful.
C. Humorous and warm-hearted. D. Responsible and considerate.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Rachel老师通过让学生家长发送短信“小心处理”给她，暗示学生在家有状况需要呵护，提前做好帮助学生渡过难关的准备，这种方式获得家长的积极反馈，并被全国各地的老师效仿。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“No matter what kind of bad experience we experience, we should treat it actively. Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognized this, and she found an amazing way to help out both her students and their families. (不管我们有过什么糟糕的经历，都要积极的去面对。Rachel意识到了这一点，她找到了一个神奇的方法来帮助她的学生和他们的家庭))”可知，this指代上一句中的“指积极面对困难的态度”。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“To support the student, Rachel told his mom to simply text her ‘handle with care’ to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.(为了支持这名学生，Rachel告诉孩子的母亲，当孩子出状况的时候。只要给她发短信 “小心处理”即可)”可知，Rachel是通过这个家有自闭症的学生的母亲了解他在家的情况来帮助这个学生。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with a note for their parents. It explained what the ‘Handle with Care’ system was and how they could take advantage of it. (这个简单的方法非常成功，Rachel决定让她所有的学生回家时带上写给他们的父母一张便条。它解释了什么是“小心处理”系统，以及他们如何利用它。)可知，老师给家长便条是为了告知家长她的方法，故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。“To support the student, Rachel told his mom to simply text her ‘handle with care’ to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.(为了支持这名学生，Rachel告诉孩子的母亲，当孩子出状况的时候。只要给她发短信 “小心处理”即可)”和第三段 “The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with a note for their parents.(这个简单的方法非常成功，Rachel决定让她所有的学生回家时带上写给他们的父母一张便条)及最后一段“Even though teachers can sometimes tell when a student is having a tough day just by the way they’re acting, Rachel said these simple texts allow educators to make minor adjustments in advance that, in turn, make the whole day better for everyone.(Rachel说，尽管老师有时可以通过学生的表现来判断他们什么时候过得不好，但这些简单的短信可以让老师提前做一些小小的调整，从而让大家的一整天都过得更好) ”可知，Rachel关心班上的每个学生，对学生负责、体贴。故选D。
C
Metaphorically speaking, the vast tropical rainforest in South America’s Amazon River basin is often called the “lungs of the planer”. Some people claim that the Amazon Rainforest alone is responsible for 20 percent of Earth’s oxygen, but is this really true? As the region experiences more fires in 2019 than it has seen in almost a decade, some people are wondering what would happen to Earth’s oxygen supply if the whole of the Amazon were to burn away. Would Earth actually lose 20 percent of its oxygen, or are there other unexpected consequences that would await us instead?
Relationships between tropical forests and oxygen are complicated. Growing plants produce oxygen, and tropical rainforests are huge contributors, but dead and rotting plants—as well as burning plants—consume oxygen to release carbon dioxide as a by-product during decomposition and combustion (燃烧). Often the ratio between a plant producing oxygen in life and consuming oxygen in death is 1:1, so many atmospheric scientists don’t see the Amazon, or even Earth’s forests as a whole as net oxygen producers, because all plants die sooner or later.
Instead, Earth’s oxygen mainly comes from marine algae (海藻) Marine algae bloom in the oceans, sting on the surface and taking advantage of the nutrients that are stirred up in seawater and pulling in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. While algae live, they use carbon dioxide to grow, and they release oxygen into the atmosphere. However, when they die, algae do not decompose on the ocean surface, so they do not draw from the atmosphere the same amount of oxygen that they produce in life. Instead, algae sink. Some dead algae consume oxygen dissolved in seawater and largely or completely decompose as they sink, releasing the carbon stored in their bodies into the water. However, others sink deep enough fast enough that they fall below the ocean’s oxygenated layers before they decompose in earnest. They land on the ocean floor almost completely, so the carbon in their bodies stays put. Over millions of years, this process results in a net oxygen gain in Earth’s atmosphere.
Burning the Amazon won’t have a significant effect on oxygen levels, but it is warned that burning will add enormous amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which will further strengthen global warming and produce more severe climate changes. And there are other very serious long-term consequences to destroying Earth’s most biodiverse region.
8. Why does the writer mention “unexpected consequences” in paragraph 1?
A. To convince the readers of topical forests’ importance.
B. To inform the readers of other discoveries about tropical forests.
C. To argue against the “lungs of the planet” metaphor.
D. To present a more balanced view on the importance of tropical forests.
9. Why won’t the destruction of Amazon have much impact on the planets oxygen level?
A. The oxygen consumed by the dying plants cancels out what they produce in life.
B. The plants in Amazon Rainforest tend to disappear before they are fully grown.
C. Tropical forests have a complex relationship with oxygen generation.
D. Carbon dioxide is only a by-product of the process of decomposition.
10. What makes marine algae a net oxygen contributor as a whole?
A. That marine algae produce more oxygen than plants.
B. That some dead marine algae don’t break down.
C. That marine algae spread fast in the ocean.
D. That some dead marine algae don’t reach the ocean bottom.
11. What can be another useful feature in some marine algae’s death?
A. Mineral accumulation. B. Carbon fixation.
C. Water purification. D. Marine nutrition.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了热带雨林并不是地球的净供氧体，真正的净供氧体是海洋中的藻类。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Often the ratio between a plant producing oxygen in life and consuming oxygen in death is 1:1, so many atmospheric scientists don’t see the Amazon, or even Earth’s forests as a whole as net oxygen producers, because all plants die sooner or later.”（通常情况下，植物在生命中产生氧气和在死亡时消耗氧气的比例为1:1，因此许多大气科学家并不认为亚马逊雨林，甚至整个地球的森林都是净氧气的产生地，因为所有植物迟早都会死亡。）可知，下文展示了科学家的一种新的观点，植物在生命中产生氧气和在死亡时消耗氧气的比例为1:1，因此亚马逊雨林，甚至整个地球的森林并不是净氧气产生地，它们对地球的氧气含量没有显著影响，这是对热带森林的重要性更平衡的看法，由此可推断出，作者在第1段中提到“意外后果”是为了提出下文对热带森林的重要性的更平衡的看法。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Growing plants produce oxygen, and tropical rainforests are huge contributors, but dead and rotting plants—as well as burning plants—consume oxygen to release carbon dioxide as a by-product during decomposition and combustion (燃烧). Often the ratio between a plant producing oxygen in life and consuming oxygen in death is 1:1, so many atmospheric scientists don’t see the Amazon, or even Earth’s forests as a whole as net oxygen producers, because all plants die sooner or later.”（生长中的植物产生氧气，热带雨林是巨大的贡献者，但死亡和腐烂的植物以及燃烧的植物消耗氧气，在分解和燃烧过程中释放出副产品二氧化碳。通常情况下，植物在生命中产生氧气和在死亡时消耗氧气的比例为1:1，因此许多大气科学家并不认为亚马逊雨林，甚至整个地球的森林都是净氧气的产生地，因为所有植物迟早都会死亡。）可知，生长中的植物产生氧气，在分解和燃烧过程中消耗氧气，在生命中产生氧气和在死亡时消耗氧气的比例为1:1，相互抵消了，因此，亚马逊的毁灭不会对地球的含氧量产生很大影响，由此可知，亚马逊的毁灭不会对地球的含氧量产生很大影响，因为濒死植物消耗的氧气抵消了它们在生命中产生的氧气。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“However, when they die, algae do not decompose on the ocean surface, so they do not draw from the atmosphere the same amount of oxygen that they produce in life. Instead, algae sink. Some dead algae consume oxygen dissolved in seawater and largely or completely decompose as they sink, releasing the carbon stored in their bodies into the water. However, others sink deep enough fast enough that they fall below the ocean’s oxygenated layers before they decompose in earnest. They land on the ocean floor almost completely, so the carbon in their bodies stays put. Over millions of years, this process results in a net oxygen gain in Earth’s atmosphere. ”（然而，当藻类死亡时，它们不会在海洋表面分解，因此它们从大气中吸收的氧气量与它们在生命中产生的氧气量不同。相反，藻类会下沉。一些死亡的藻类消耗溶解在海水中的氧气，在下沉时大部分或完全分解，将体内储存的碳释放到水中。然而，另一些则沉得足够深，沉得足够快，以至于它们在真正分解之前就落到海洋的含氧层之下。它们几乎完全降落在海底，所以它们体内的碳元素保持不变。数百万年来，这一过程导致地球大气中的氧气净增加。）可知，当藻类活着时，会产生氧气，当藻类死亡时，它们不会在海洋表面分解，因此不会消耗空气中的氧气，正因为这样，它们成为净供氧体，由此可知，海藻成为净供氧体是因为一些死去的海藻不会分解。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“However, others sink deep enough fast enough that they fall below the ocean’s oxygenated layers before they decompose in earnest. They land on the ocean floor almost completely, so the carbon in their bodies stays put. Over millions of years, this process results in a net oxygen gain in Earth’s atmosphere. ”（然而，另一些则沉得足够深，沉得足够快，以至于它们在真正分解之前就落到海洋的含氧层之下。它们几乎完全降落在海底，所以它们体内的碳元素保持不变。数百万年来，这一过程导致地球大气中的氧气净增加。）可知，当藻类死亡时，它们中的一些几乎完全降落在海底，所以它们体内的碳元素保持不变，具有碳固定性，由此可知，某些海藻死亡的另一个有用特征是碳固定。故选B项。
D
Emerging (新兴的) economies struggled to grow through the 2010s and pessimism hangs over them now. People wonder how they will pay debts rung up during the Covid-19 pandemic and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past.
The freshest answer is the fast-spreading digital revolution (革命). Emerging nations are adopting cutting-edge technology at a lower and lower cost, allowing them to fuel domestic demand and overcome traditional barriers to growth. Over the past decade, the number of smartphone owners has skyrocketed worldwide. The world’s emerging markets have already demonstrated the transformative effects of digital technology, which has saved the economy with old industries slowing sharply.
The digital revolution is as advanced in emerging economies as in developed ones. Among the top 30 nations by tax income from digital services as a share of GDP, 16 are in the emerging world. Since 2017, digital tax income has been growing in emerging countries at an average annual pace of 26%, compared with 11% in the developed ones.
How can it be that poorer nations are adopting digital technologies faster than the rich? One explanation is habit and its absence. In societies with plentiful physical stores and services, customers are often comfortable with and slow to abandon the providers they have. Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks will jump at the first digital option that comes along and quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services.
Since 2010, the cost of starting a business has held steady in developed countries while falling sharply in emerging countries, from 66% to just 27% of the average annual income. Businessmen can now launch businesses affordably, organizing much of what they need on a smartphone.
It’s early days, too. Tech revolutions usually last a long time. Innovations like the car and the steam engine were still transforming economies half a century later. While the pandemic is weakening globalization, the age of rapid digitization has just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catching up with the living standards of the developed world.
12. Where are people more willing to accept digital services?
A. In developed societies.
B. In overpopulated nations.
C. In economies with poor online services.
D. In countries short of basic public facilities.
13. How do businessmen in emerging countries benefit from digital technology?
A. They can pay less tax.
B. They make stable profits.
C. They do business at lower costs.
D. They enjoy a bigger share of the market.
14. Why are “the car and the steam engine” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To prove old inventions will finally go out of style.
B. To indicate digitization will have a long-term impact.
C. To explain innovations will take a long time to be adopted.
D. To imply developing countries will overtake developed ones.
15. What’s the best title of the text?
A. The Global Economy Is Looking Up
B. Emerging Economies Struggle in the Pandemic
C. Digital Tech Saves the Declining Emerging Markets
D. Digital Service Is Progressing Slowly in Rich Countries
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是数字革命对拯救经济的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks will jump at the first digital option that comes along and quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services.(缺乏学校、医院和银行的国家将会欣然接受第一个出现的数字化选择，并通过建立在线服务迅速弥补这些差距。)”可知，缺乏基本公共设施的国家更愿意接受数字服务。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Since 2010, the cost of starting a business has held steady in developed countries while falling sharply in emerging countries, from 66% to just 27% of the average annual income. Businessmen can now launch businesses affordably, organizing much of what they need on a smartphone.(自2010年以来，在发达国家，创业成本一直保持稳定，而在新兴国家，创业成本则大幅下降，从平均年收入的66%降至27%。商人们现在可以负担得起创办企业，用智能手机组织他们需要的很多东西。)”可推断出新兴国家的商人通过以较低的成本做生意来从数字技术中获益，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“While the pandemic is weakening globalization, the age of rapid digitization has just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catching up with the living standards of the developed world.(在疫情削弱全球化的同时，快速数字化时代才刚刚开始。这为许多发展中经济体提供了一条革命性的新道路，以赶上发达国家的生活水平。)”可推断出最后一段提到了“汽车和蒸汽机”是为了表明数字化将产生长期影响。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“People wonder how they will pay debts rung up during the Covid-19 pandemic and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past.(人们想知道他们将如何偿还Covid-19大流行期间的债务，以及他们如何能像过去那样快速增长。)”和第二段的“The freshest answer is the fast-spreading digital revolution (革命).(最新鲜的答案是迅速蔓延的数字革命。)”可知，本文主要讲的是数字革命对拯救经济的影响，因此最好的题目是C选项“Digital Tech Saves the Declining Emerging Markets(数字技术拯救衰退的新兴市场)”，故选C。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
There are advantages of being smart. Smart people tend to live longer, and are less likely to experience negative life events.
____16____ Ruth Karpinski’s team carried out a study on members from Mensa, a high IQ society. Respondents were asked to report whether they had suffered from mood and anxiety disorders. The researchers found Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from serious disorders.
To explain the findings, Karpinski brings up the hyper (亢奋的) body theory. It holds that being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological (生理的) “overexcitabilities”, or OEs. ____17____ This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. They may overanalyze a disapproving comment, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to those less intelligent. ____18____
The results must be interpreted cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common among people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence causes the disorder. ____19____ All the same, the findings cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. ____20____ In a 2015 study, researchers concluded the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.
A Now there’s some bad news for them.
B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.
C. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind it.
D. An OE is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.
E. That may cause the body’s stress response, further increasing the anxiety.
F. They found the respondents showed differences in mood and anxiety disorders.
G. Chances are that people joining Mensa differ from others in ways other than just IQ.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. E 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，高智商人更容易患上严重的疾病。
【16题详解】
第一段中“There are advantages of being smart. Smart people tend to live longer, and are less likely to experience negative life events.(聪明有很多好处。聪明的人往往更长寿，不太可能经历消极的生活事件)”提到聪明的好处，本段最后一句“The researchers found Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from serious disorders.(研究人员发现，来自Mensa的高智商成员更有可能患上严重的疾病)”描述了高智商可能使人患上严重的疾病，故A项“现在有一些坏消息要告诉他们”符合语境，A项中的“them”指代上文的“Smart people”。故选A项。
【17题详解】
上文“It holds that being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological (生理的) “overexcitabilities”, or OEs.(该理论认为，高智商与心理和生理上的‘过度兴奋性’有关，或称OEs)”提到OE的概念，结合下文“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可以包括任何事情，从令人震惊的声音到与他人的冲突)”可知，空处应是进一步解释OE，D项“OE是对环境威胁或滥用的一种异常强烈的反应”符合语境，下文中“This”指代D项中的“an environmental threat or abuse”，故选D项。
【18题详解】
本段是解释为什么聪明的人更容易患上疾病，根据上文“They may overanalyze a disapproving comment, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to those less intelligent.(他们可能会过度分析不赞成的评论，想象那些低智商的人不会想到的负面结果)”可知，聪明的人会过度分析和想象，E项“这可能会引起身体的压力反应，进一步增加焦虑”承接上文，说明上文行为的后果，与本段主题一致。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Showing that a disorder is more common among people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence causes the disorder.(表明一种疾病在高智商人群中比在普通人群中更常见，并不能证明高智商导致了这种疾病)”可知，对来自Mensa的人的研究表明，Mensa的高智商成员更有可能患上严重的疾病，但这并不意味着高智商导致了这种疾病，G项“加入Mensa的人很可能除了智商之外还有其他不同之处”提出另一种可能性，符合语境，故选G项。
【20题详解】
上文“One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics.(一种可能性是，智力和健康结果之间的关联反映了基因多效性，当一个基因影响看似不相关的特征时，就会出现多效性)”提到智力和健康之间的关系，下文“In a 2015 study, researchers concluded the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.(在2015年的一项研究中，研究人员得出结论，智商和寿命之间的联系主要是由遗传因素解释的)”用研究证实这一结论，故B项“已经有一些证据表明这是事实”与上下文衔接紧密，故选B项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分55分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Carl Allamby grew up in a poor African American neighborhood. As a child, pursuing his dream is ____21____ but easy for him. His school didn’t offer the advanced science classes that might have led him on the path to ____22____ Even it had, doing well in school could prove dangerous. There were often times they would be attacked for ____23____ the class. As a result, he ____24____ the thought of becoming a doctor.
At age 19, he started working alone in a garage. Over the years it had ____25____ into two shops, but Carl was ____26____ for something more. So at 34, he went for his bachelor’s degree in business management and he was ____27____ he had to take biology to get his degree.
It turned out that it was the ____28____ thing to have happened. Biology class reawakened a childhood dream he had ____29____ somewhere deep within himself. Determined to accomplish his dream, he skipped business ____30____ the science classes for a second career. “It was ____31____ to become a doctor at around 50. I would ____32____ become a nurse, or a physician assistant.” Carl reasoned.
But Carl’s chemistry professor ____33____ him after class one day and talked him out of that thought.
He was right. Carl did well in all his courses. And so in 2015, he cut ____34____ with his past, selling his two shops and everything in them. In 2019, at 47, Carl Allamby became Carl Allamby, MD. The world may have ____35____ him around once or twice, but it didn’t defeat him.
“How many people can do something so ____36____ at such a late stage in their life?” he says. “I fit so many demographics (人口统计数据) that ____37____ you shouldn’t be a doctor. ____38____ it’s because of my age, my race, my upbringing, or my career, these are all good ____39____ suggesting I shouldn’t be here. And ____40____ here I am.”
21. A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything
22. A. business B. physics C. medicine D. biology
23. A. topping B. skipping C. missing D. resisting
24. A. wrote down B. set aside C. came up with D. got down to
25. A. narrowed B. declined C. grown D. shrunk
26. A. hopeful B. sorry C. desperate D. grateful
27. A. informed B. warmed C. convinced D. advised
28. A. very B. least C. last D. best
29. A. lost B. hidden C. made D. lived
30. A. in praise of B. in memory of C. in need of D. in favor of
31. A. crazy B. cool C. worthwhile D. admirable
32. A. however B. indeed C. instead D. otherwise
33. A. spotted B. stopped C. scolded D. seized
34. A. ties B. profits C. business D. memories
35. A. dropped B. kissed C. swallowed D. knocked
36. A. ridiculous B. brand-new C. ambitious D. straight-forward
37. A. calculate B. write C. report D. say
38. A. If B. When C. Whether D. While
39. A. reasons B. tips C. proofs D. examples
40. A. so B. yet C. then D. still
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。卡尔·阿拉姆比在一个贫穷的非裔美国人社区长大，艰苦的不利条件让他童年时放弃了当医生的梦想，但是在34岁攻读企业管理学士学位时被要求学习生物学，这让他重燃了儿时的梦想，并在47岁时卡尔·阿拉比成为卡尔·阿拉比医学博士。
【21题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子，追求他的梦想对他来说绝不容易。A.nothing没有什么，没有一件东西；B.everything一切；C.anything任何事物；D.something某事，某物。根据后文“His school didn’t offer the advanced science classes”(他的学校不提供高级科学课程)可知，追求他的梦想对他来说绝不容易。anything but意为“根本不，决不”。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的学校没有提供可能会引导他走上医学道路的高级科学课程。A.business商业；B.physics物理学；C.medicine医学；D.biology生物。根据后文“the thought of becoming a doctor”(成为医生的想法)可知，此处是指可能会引导他走上医学道路。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常因为名列前茅而受到攻击。A.topping居……之首；B.skipping跳过，略过；C.missing错过；D.resisting阻挡，抵制。根据前文“doing well in school could prove dangerous”(在学校表现好可能会有危险)可知，此处是指他们经常因为名列前茅而受到攻击。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果，他放弃了当医生的念头。A.wrote down写下；B.set aside把……抛在脑后；C.came up with提出；D.got down to着手处理。根据“As a result”可知，此处是指在诸多不利条件下，他放弃了当医生的念头。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，它已经发展成两家商店，但卡尔渴望得到更多。A.narrowed使缩小，压缩；B.zoomed快速移动，迅速前往；C.grown发展，增加；D.shrunk收缩。根据“into two shops”可知，此处是指发展成两家商店。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，它已经发展成两家商店，但卡尔渴望得到更多。A.hopeful满怀希望的；B.sorry抱歉的，惭愧的，歉疚的；C.desperate渴望的；D.grateful感激的。根据后文“he went for his bachelor’s degree in business management”(他攻读了企业管理学士学位)可知，此处是指卡尔渴望得到更多。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以在34岁的时候，他去攻读工商管理学士学位，他被告知他必须学习生物学才能获得学位。A.informed通知；B.warmed温暖；C.convinced使确信，使信服；D.advised建议。根据后文“he had to take biology to get his degree”可知，此处是指他被告知他必须学习生物学才能获得学位。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这是发生的最好的事情。A.very同一的，恰好的，正是的；B.least最少的；C.last最后的；D.best最好的。根据后文“Biology class reawakened a childhood dream”(生物课重新唤醒了一个童年的梦想)可知，此处是指这是发生的最好的事情。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：生物课重新唤醒了他童年时隐藏在内心深处的一个梦想。A.lost丢失；B.hidden隐藏；C.made制作；D.lived生活。根据“deep within himself”可知，此处是指隐藏在内心深处的一个梦想。故选B项。
30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了实现自己的梦想，他放弃了商业，改上科学课，开始了第二职业。A.in praise of歌颂；B.in memory of纪念；C.in need of需要；D.in favor of支持。根据“for a second career”可知，此处是指放弃了商业，改上科学课。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在50岁左右成为一名医生是件疯狂的事。A.crazy疯狂的；B.cool凉的，凉爽的；C.worthwhile重要的，有益的，值得做的；D.admirable令人钦佩的，极其出色的。根据后文“become a nurse, or a physician assistant”(成为一名护士或医生助理)和“Carl reasoned”(卡尔理智地想)可知，此处是指卡尔认为想在50岁左右成为一名医生是件疯狂的事。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我会成为一名护士或医生助理。A.however但是；B.indeed确实；C.instead反而；D.otherwise否则。根据“become a nurse, or a physician assistant”和“become a doctor”可知，此处是讲卡尔认为相反自己会成为一名护士或医生助理。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是有一天，卡尔的化学教授在课后叫住了他，并劝他打消了这个念头。A.spotted看见，注意到；B.stopped使停下；C.scolded责备；D.seized抓住，捉住。根据后文“talked him out of that thought”可知，此处是指卡尔的化学教授在课后叫住了他。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，在2015年，他切断了与过去的联系，卖掉了他的两家店铺和其中的一切。A.ties联系；B.profits利润；C.business商业；D.memories记忆。根据后文“selling his two shops and everything in them”可知，此处是指他切断了与过去的联系。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个世界也许会击倒他一两次，但它不会打败他。A.dropped投，丢；B.kissed亲吻，接吻；C.swallowed吞下，咽下；D.knocked碰撞，碰倒。根据“but it didn’t defeat him”可知，此处是指这个世界也许会击倒他一两次。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有多少人能在生命的后期做一些全新的事情呢？A.ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的；B.brand-new全新的；C.ambitious有抱负的，野心勃勃的；D.straight-forward直接的。根据前文“he cut ties with his past, selling his two shops and everything in them”可知，此处是指在生命的后期做一些全新的事情。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多人都说你不应该当医生。A.calculate计算；B.write写；C.report报告；D.say说。根据“you shouldn’t be a doctor”可知，此处是指数据说他不应该当医生。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：无论是因为我的年龄、种族、成长环境，还是我的职业，这些都是我不应该来这里的充分理由。A.If如果；B.When当；C.Whether不管，无论；D.While尽管。“whether...or...”意为“不管……还是……”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论是因为我的年龄、种族、成长环境，还是我的职业，这些都是我不应该来这里的充分理由。A.reasons理由；B.tips建议；C.proofs 证明，证据；D.examples例子。根据“it’s because of my age, my race, my upbringing, or my career”可知，此处是讲这些都是“我”不应该来这里的充分理由。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我在这里。A.so所以；B.yet然而；C.then当时；D.still仍然。根据前文“I shouldn’t be here”和后文“here I am”可知，此处是指然而“我”在这里。故选B项。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节 单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
41. ________ my preference and habit, I have to admit that the best approach improving English is to open our mouth.
A. In spite of; of B. Regardless of; to C. Despite; in D. As to; on
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：不管我的喜好和习惯如何，我必须承认提高英语最好的方法就是开口说英语。A. In spite of尽管；B. Regardless of不管；C. Despite尽管；D. As to至于。第一空表示“不管”应用应用regardless of；第二空表示“……的方法”短语为approach to doing sth.。故选B。
42. The instruments and musicians ________ different functions: sustaining, modifying (修饰), synthesizing (合成) and innovating, paired into two key types of roles — supporting and leading.
A. take out B. take away C. take on D. take up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：乐器和音乐家承担着不同的职责：维持、修改、综合和创新，配对成两种关键类型的角色——辅助和主导。A. take out取出；B. take away带走，剥夺；C. take on承担，呈现；D. take up开始从事，占据。结合空后的“different functions”可知，此处指承担着不同的职责，故选C项。
43. I________ to help you with your homework but I couldn’t spare any time. I________ a composition last night and I’ll finish it today.
A. wanted；have been writing B. wanted；wrote
C. have wanted；wrote D. had wanted；was writing
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查过去完成时的特殊用法和过去进行时。句意：我本想帮助你做家庭作业，但我抽不出任何时间。昨天晚上我在写作文，今天我要写完它。一些动词，如expect(期待)，hope(希望)，intend(打算)，mean(打算)，suppose(料想)，think(认为)，want(想要)等，可用过去完成时表示“本打算(本计划、本希望、本认为)做而未做”，结合句意可知，第一空处指“本想帮助你做家庭作业，但实际上未能帮上忙”，用过去完成时形式had wanted表示“本想做而未做”；第二空中，根据句中时间状语last night可知，讲述的是过去的事情，再结合I’ll finish it today可知，“写作文”这件事情在昨天晚上并未完成，因此应用过去进行时，表示动作当时正在发生，尚未完成。故选D项。
44. —Why does the river smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of rubbish ________ there, and we should alert the public ________ the danger of it.
A. have been thrown; of B. has been thrown; of
C. has been thrown; to D. have been thrown; to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和介词搭配。句意：——为什么这条河散发着恶臭？——因为大量的垃圾被扔在那里，我们应该提醒公众注意它的危险。quantities of既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用复数，故排除B、C项；alert sb to sth“使意识到，提醒某人注意某事”固定搭配。故选D项。
45. The mental problems ________ from a physical cause will eventually cause harm to the future life.
A. arising B. rising C. raising D. arousing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由身体原因引起的精神问题最终会对未来的生活造成伤害。 A.arising发生，产生； B.rising升起； C.raising提高； D.arousing激起。根据空格后的from和句意可知，此处是考查arise的用法“arise from...(由……引起)”，而“rise from”表示“从……站起”。故选A项。
46. —When did you arrive ________ we camped last Friday?
—It was not until midnight ________ it was raining hard.
A. where; when B. which; that C. where; that D. which; when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查地点状语从句和强调句。句意：——你什么时候到上周五我们露营那里？——直到午夜，雨下得很大。分析句子可知，第一空为地点状语从句，主句和从句都缺地点状语，所以应用where；第二空考查强调句，即“it is+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分”，强调内容指物时只能用that引导，此处强调内容是until midnight，所以应用that。故选C项。
47. But a change, no matter how ________ it was needed, didn’t just happen in response to his cry.
A. ultimately B. domestically C. instinctively D. desperately
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，无论多么迫切地需要改变，他的哭声并没有让改变发生。 A. ultimately最终，最后；根本上；B. domestically国内地；家庭式地； C. instinctively凭直觉地；直觉地；本能的； D. desperately不顾一切地；非常，极其。分析句子和选项中的四个副词可知，空格处的副词应该是修饰空格后的动词needed，根据句意只能是D项“desperately（非常，极其）”的意思合适。故选D项。
48. After a serious flu outbreak ________ out 99.4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.
A. wipes B. breaks C. rents D. launches
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在一场严重的流感爆发导致世界99.4%的人口死亡后，一场善恶之战在幸存的人中展开。 A.wipes out彻底消灭；B.breaks out爆发；C.rents out租出；D.launches out出航。根据句意可知，严重的流感爆发应该是导致世界99.4%的人口死亡。故选A项。
49. The old professor insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to ________.
A. discussing B. being discussed C. be discussed D. discuss
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老教授坚持要讨论那个需要注意的问题。insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句要用should do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略，discuss与主语problem是被动关系，要用被动语态，故C项正确。
50. There are actual things that can ________ in every one of us, as to lead us to some sort of suddenly-found identity.
A. make ends meet B. strike a chord C. fall into ruin D. make a getaway
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一些实际的事情可以在我们每个人身上引起共鸣，从而引导我们找到某种突然发现的身份。A.make ends meet收支相抵；B.strike a chord引起共鸣；C.fall into ruin 陷入废墟；D.make a getaway逃走。由后文“suddenly-found identity”以及结合选项可知，B项“引起共鸣”最符合语境。故选B项。
第三节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
51. Top goalkeepers can earn up to $50,000 a year from manufacturers for wearing their gear (服装), including built-in ________ (bonus) for Cup runs and television appearances. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】bonuses
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：顶级门将每年可以从制造商那里获得高达5万美元的收入，包括参加世界杯和在电视上亮相时的内置奖金。bonus为可数名词，根据后文 for Cup runs and television appearances可知为复数形式。故填bonuses。
52. As is often the case, lots of things happen to go wrong at ________ (precise) the same time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】precisely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：通常情况下，很多事情恰好在同一时间出错。分析句子可知，此空应填副词修饰形容词 same。故填precisely。
53. People in the area where there is a lack ________ electricity often keep a supply of candles in case of power failure. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：停电地区的人们通常会保持蜡烛供应，以防停电。分析句子可知，a lack of表“缺乏”，为固定搭配。故填of。
54. Cycling to work is a healthy alternative to________ (drive) to work.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】driving
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：骑自行车上班比开车上班更健康。句中涉及固定短语“an alternative to doing sth.”，意为“替代做某事的方法”，to为介词，后接动名词形式作宾语，drive意为“开车”，动词词性，动名词形式为driving。故填driving。
55. The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此空格处用引导词what，故填what。
56. He built up the business at ________ expense of his health. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】the
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他以牺牲健康为代价建立了企业。分析句意可知，此处用定冠词the构成固定短语at the expense of表示“以损害……为代价”符合语境。故填the。
57. Each of the 12 participating institutions selected through expert ________ (evaluate) will receive a design fee of 500,000 RMB. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】evaluation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过专家评审选出的12家参与机构，每一家将获得50万元人民币的设计费。分析句子可知，介词through后面应加名词，而expert evaluation 表“专家审评”，且evaluation表“审评”，为不可数名词。故填evaluation。
58. The museum exhibits plenty of antiques, ________ (range) from ancient household gadgets (小器具) to manual tools. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】ranging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：博物馆展出了大量的古董，从古代家用小工具到手工工具。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语作后置定语修饰antiques，且antiques和range是主动关系，由句意知这里应用现在分词作后置定语，其中range from表“范围从......”。故填ranging。
59. Most people work because it’s unavoidable.______contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.(用适当的单词填空)
【答案】By
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：大多数人工作因为那是不可避免的。相比之下，有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语by contrast“相比之下”，故填By。
60. ________ (expose) to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to comprehend the local language. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Being exposed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：接触外国文化对于我们学习当地的语言是有好处的。短语 be exposed to 意为接触，此处作主语应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Being exposed。
写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My classmates and I visited the city museum on last Friday, where an exhibition of the traditional Chinese folk handicrafts was going on. A great many crafted items were on display, so each of them had a unique style. While admiring them, we feel proud of the wisdoms of the Chinese people. Besides, some craftsmen invited to show how to make them, which was very impressive. We were such amazed that we couldn't tear us away. We thought the exhibition was well worth visited. It was the trip to the museum which helped us to learn more about the Chinese art and culture. It is wide acknowledged that appreciating one's own culture is important for understanding oneself.
【答案】1.去掉on
2.so→and
3.feel→felt
4.wisdoms→wisdom
5.invited前加were
6.such→so
7.us→ourselves
8.visited→visiting
9.which→that
10.wide→widely
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者上周五和同学参观了市博物馆的所见所闻和感想。
【详解】(1)考查固定短语。句意：上周五，我和我的同学参观了市博物馆，那里正在举办中国传统民间手工艺品展览。last和时间名词连用，前面不加冠词，故去掉on。
(2)考查连词。句意：展览上有许多手工制作的物品，每件都有独特的风格。前后是并列关系而不是因果关系，所以用and连接，故so改为and。
(3)考查时态。句意：在赞叹的同时，我们也为中国人民的智慧感到自豪。叙述过去的事，应用一般过去时。故将feel改为felt。
(4)考查不可数名词。句意：在赞叹的同时，我们也为中国人民的智慧感到自豪。wisdom为不可数名词，无复数，故wisdoms改为wisdom。
(5)考查时态语态。句意：此外，还邀请了一些工匠来展示如何制作它们，这是非常令人印象深刻的。invite和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语为复数名词，故invited前面加were。
(6)考查副词。句意：我们是如此的惊奇，以至于我们舍不得离开。此处后面是形容词，所以用副词so，such后跟名词，故such改为so。
(7)考查反身代词。句意：我们是如此的惊奇，以至于我们舍不得离开。指主语we本身，所以用反身代词，故us改为ourselves。
(8)考查动名词。句意：我们认为这个展览很值得一看。 be worth doing值得做，为固定搭配，故visited改为visiting。
(9)考查强调句。句意：正是参观博物馆帮助我们更多地了解了中国的艺术和文化。本句为强调句，强调句型为：it be+被强调部分+that，此处强调了主语，故which改为that。
(10)考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，欣赏自己的文化对了解自己很重要。修饰动词，所以用副词，wide作副词时，表示具体，此处表示抽象意义，意思是“广泛地”，所以用widely，故wide改为widely。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
62. 英雄航天员陈冬光荣地承担了两次航天任务，他十几年如一日刻苦训练从不言弃，终于实现了自己的航天梦。你校《学生英文报》正在组织“向陈冬学习”的英语征文活动，请你向校报投稿，内容包括：
1. 他的优秀品质；
2. 如何向他学习。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 The astronaut who performed space missions twice, Chendong deserves our highest respect for his persistence in the decade-long hard training. Never did he say never and ultimately he lived his space dream.
How can we learn from Chendong, especially his perseverance and diligence? When failing in exams, we should reflect on our weak points and do countless exercise rather than drown ourselves in sorrow or disappointment. Regarding difficulties we meet in our daily life, we should recover from low spirits and quickly regain calmness as Chendong did. Hard work can pay off.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。英雄航天员陈冬光荣地承担了两次航天任务，他十几年如一日刻苦训练从不言弃，终于实现了自己的航天梦。你校《学生英文报》正在组织“向陈冬学习”的英语征文活动，请你向校报投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
反思：reflect on→self-examine
终于：ultimately→finally
弱点：weak points→disadvantage
关于：regarding→concerning
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hard work can pay off
拓展句：As we all know, hard work can pay off.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The first female astronaut who performed spacewalk by Shenzhou XIII, Wang Yaping deserves our highest respect for her persistence in the decade-long hard training. (运用了who引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] Never did she say never and ultimately she lived her space dream. (运用了部分倒装)
大庆实验中学实验一部2020级高（二）下学期期末考试
英语试题
说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共两节20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is new at Uncle Jim’s farm?
A. Cows. B. Sheep. C. Goats.
2. What does the woman want about a new car?
A. A smoother ride. B. A larger size. C. The cheaper fuel.
3. What is the woman scared to do?
A. Make a new dish. B. Eat the food. C. Lie to the man.
4. What does the woman think of the man?
A. He isn’t hard-working. B. He isn’t strong. C. He isn’t polite.
5. What does the man find hard to understand?
A. How to plan a book. B. What to write about. C. Where to find the time.
第二节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。
6. Who is the man in the conversation?
A. The woman’s father. B. The woman’s friend. C. The woman’s teacher.
7. When does the woman need her computer by?
A. Tonight. B. Tomorrow night. C. Friday morning.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. Where are the speakers?
A. In their house. B. In the bank. C. In the mall.
9. How much does the man want to pay Betty?
A. $300. B. $150. C. $100.
10. What did Betty leave behind?
A. Her clothes. B. Her money. C. Her food.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. What is the man helping the woman with?
A. Parking. B. Driving. C. Giving directions.
12. For what reason is Jackson Avenue closed?
A The road work. B. A traffic accident. C. The bad weather.
13. Why should the woman park on Front Street for the night?
A. It is free.
B. She has a lot of bags.
C. Her car would be stuck on Jackson Avenue.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。
14. Why does the man think highly of Michael Jordan?
A. He is successful after he retired.
B. He was the best player in a number of ways.
C. He beat the man’s favorite team many times.
15. How many times did Michael Jordan play on the all-star team?
A. 9. B. 10. C. 14.
16. What does Michael Jordan do after retiring?
A. He teaches basketball in a high school.
B. He plays in a senior league.
C. He runs his clothing business.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What makes whale sharks different from other sharks?
A. They are gentle. B. They attack people. C. They never eat sea creatures.
18. Why do scientists have trouble finding out the ages of older whale sharks?
A. They live long lives. B. The population is small. C. Their home changes often.
19. What caused the mark in the bone of the dead whale shark?
A. The food. B. The radiation. C. The fishing.
20. How long can a whale shark live according to the scientists?
A. For about 20 years. B. For about 50 years. C. For about 100 years.
第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
English Poetry Competition of 2022
Enter your poem for a chance to win something! Our poetry contest is held twice a year. Write a poem about how the pandemic (疫情) has changed your life.
Prizes
The contest awards one first place prize of $2,000 and a first prize wall plaque ($100 value); twenty second place prizes of $100 each and a second place wall plaque ($75 value); one hundred third place winners of a third place wall plaque ($25 value).
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification (取消资格).
IMPORTANT:
☆Poet must be at least thirteen years of age.
☆Only one poem per person, per family is allowed.
☆A poem in its entirety must be an original work by the person centering the contest.
☆All entries are judged anonymously (匿名地). Please do not include your name, address, phone number, etc., or your entry will be disqualified.
Deadline: Email your entry by 31st May 2022.
Length: 42 lines max. No minimum. Title not included in the line count.
Format: Entries must be typed. We do not accept handwritten submissions.
Fees: £10 per poem.
Judging: The judges’ decision is final and no individual correspondence (通信) can be entered into. Judges are unable to comment on individual entries. Judging is fair.
Copyright: Worldwide copyright of each entry remains with the author but the Bridport Prize has unrestricted rights to publish the winning and highly praised poems.
1. What can we learn about the poetry competition?
A. It takes place every two years.
B. It focuses on personal growth.
C. Poets have to pay for it
D. It gives feedback on each entry.
2. How many entries can a family with 4 members submit?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Typing your poem out.
B. Writing a poem of 40 lines.
C. Emailing your entry on March 30.
D. Including personal information in your entry.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍2022年度the Bridport Prize英语诗歌大赛的具体事宜。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Our poetry contest is held twice a year. (我们的诗歌比赛每年举行两次)”可知，诗歌比赛一年举行两次，所以排除选项A.It takes place every two years.(它每两年举行一次)。由第一段最后一句“Write a poem about how the pandemic (疫情) has changed your life.(写一首关于疫情是如何改变了你的生活的诗)”，而选项B. It focuses on personal growth(它关注个人成长)，两者不是很贴切，故排除选项B。由倒数第二段“ Judges are unable to comment on individual entries (评委无法对个人参赛作品发表评论)”可知，评委无法对个别参赛作品发表评论，所以选项D. It gives feedback on each entry.(它对每一个参赛作品给出反馈)被排除。由“Fees: £10 per poem (费用：每首诗10英镑)”可知，每首诗的参赛费用为10英镑，所以诗人要支付费用。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由“IMPORTANT: ☆Only one poem per person, per family is allowed. (重要事项：每个家庭每人只能写一首诗)”可知：比赛规则规定每户人家每个人只允许写一首诗。所以，“a family with 4 members(一个四口之家)”可以提交4首参赛作品。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据IMPORTANT部分的“☆All entries are judged anonymously (匿名地). Please do not include your name, address, phone number, etc., or your entry will be disqualified. (所有参赛作品都将匿名进行评审。请勿填写姓名、地址、电话等，否则将被取消参赛资格)”可知，所有参赛作品都是匿名评判，所以不能在参赛作品中出现参赛者的姓名、地址、电话号码等，否则报名将被取消资格。故选D项。
B
The world becomes a better place when we not only recognize that everyone has bad days, but when we also care enough to act accordingly. No matter what kind of bad experience we experience, we should treat it actively. Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognized this, and she found an amazing way to help out both her students and their families.
A few years ago, the Kansas teacher attended a trauma (心理创伤) conference. She learned that some police stations partner with schools so they can let teachers know when one of their students has a police encounter, something that could cause them to need extra care or attention. A year after the conference, Rachel had a student with autism (自闭症) who frequently had tough days. To support the student, Rachel told his mom to simply text her “handle with care” to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.
The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with a note for their parents. It explained what the “Handle with Care” system was and how they could take advantage of it. In no time, parents began to show their appreciation for Rachel’s incredible act of kindness. But Rachel’s sympathy didn’t end with her class. Word spread of the amazing system, and teachers across the country began giving it a shot in their own classrooms. Printouts can be found on the Smart School House website, and the feedback has been extremely positive!
Even though teachers can sometimes tell when a student is having a tough day just by the way they’re acting, Rachel said these simple texts allow educators to make minor adjustments in advance that, in turn, make the whole day better for everyone. “It’s important for me to give kids a few minutes of extra time or space,” she said, “and it’s easy to give.”
4. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The tough time in life. B. The beauty of nature.
C. A positive attitude to hardship. D. An extreme working style.
5. How did Rachel help the student with autism?
A. By supporting him to do what he wants. B. By discussing his trauma in a conference.
C. By knowing his state at home from his mother. D. By getting assistance from some police stations.
6. Why did Rachel send notes to the parents of all her students?
A. To prove the behavior is efficient. B. To inform the parents of her method.
C. To explain the kindness to the parents. D. To gain the parents’ sympathy for herself.
7. Which of the following can best describe Rachel?
A. Curious and courageous. B. Energetic and grateful.
C. Humorous and warm-hearted. D. Responsible and considerate.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Rachel老师通过让学生家长发送短信“小心处理”给她，暗示学生在家有状况需要呵护，提前做好帮助学生渡过难关的准备，这种方式获得家长的积极反馈，并被全国各地的老师效仿。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“No matter what kind of bad experience we experience, we should treat it actively. Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognized this, and she found an amazing way to help out both her students and their families. (不管我们有过什么糟糕的经历，都要积极的去面对。Rachel意识到了这一点，她找到了一个神奇的方法来帮助她的学生和他们的家庭))”可知，this指代上一句中的“指积极面对困难的态度”。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“To support the student, Rachel told his mom to simply text her ‘handle with care’ to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.(为了支持这名学生，Rachel告诉孩子的母亲，当孩子出状况的时候。只要给她发短信 “小心处理”即可)”可知，Rachel是通过这个家有自闭症的学生的母亲了解他在家的情况来帮助这个学生。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with a note for their parents. It explained what the ‘Handle with Care’ system was and how they could take advantage of it. (这个简单的方法非常成功，Rachel决定让她所有的学生回家时带上写给他们的父母一张便条。它解释了什么是“小心处理”系统，以及他们如何利用它。)可知，老师给家长便条是为了告知家长她的方法，故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。“To support the student, Rachel told his mom to simply text her ‘handle with care’ to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.(为了支持这名学生，Rachel告诉孩子的母亲，当孩子出状况的时候。只要给她发短信 “小心处理”即可)”和第三段 “The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with a note for their parents.(这个简单的方法非常成功，Rachel决定让她所有的学生回家时带上写给他们的父母一张便条)及最后一段“Even though teachers can sometimes tell when a student is having a tough day just by the way they’re acting, Rachel said these simple texts allow educators to make minor adjustments in advance that, in turn, make the whole day better for everyone.(Rachel说，尽管老师有时可以通过学生的表现来判断他们什么时候过得不好，但这些简单的短信可以让老师提前做一些小小的调整，从而让大家的一整天都过得更好) ”可知，Rachel关心班上的每个学生，对学生负责、体贴。故选D。
C
Metaphorically speaking, the vast tropical rainforest in South America’s Amazon River basin is often called the “lungs of the planer”. Some people claim that the Amazon Rainforest alone is responsible for 20 percent of Earth’s oxygen, but is this really true? As the region experiences more fires in 2019 than it has seen in almost a decade, some people are wondering what would happen to Earth’s oxygen supply if the whole of the Amazon were to burn away. Would Earth actually lose 20 percent of its oxygen, or are there other unexpected consequences that would await us instead?
Relationships between tropical forests and oxygen are complicated. Growing plants produce oxygen, and tropical rainforests are huge contributors, but dead and rotting plants—as well as burning plants—consume oxygen to release carbon dioxide as a by-product during decomposition and combustion (燃烧). Often the ratio between a plant producing oxygen in life and consuming oxygen in death is 1:1, so many atmospheric scientists don’t see the Amazon, or even Earth’s forests as a whole as net oxygen producers, because all plants die sooner or later.
Instead, Earth’s oxygen mainly comes from marine algae (海藻) Marine algae bloom in the oceans, sting on the surface and taking advantage of the nutrients that are stirred up in seawater and pulling in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. While algae live, they use carbon dioxide to grow, and they release oxygen into the atmosphere. However, when they die, algae do not decompose on the ocean surface, so they do not draw from the atmosphere the same amount of oxygen that they produce in life. Instead, algae sink. Some dead algae consume oxygen dissolved in seawater and largely or completely decompose as they sink, releasing the carbon stored in their bodies into the water. However, others sink deep enough fast enough that they fall below the ocean’s oxygenated layers before they decompose in earnest. They land on the ocean floor almost completely, so the carbon in their bodies stays put. Over millions of years, this process results in a net oxygen gain in Earth’s atmosphere.
Burning the Amazon won’t have a significant effect on oxygen levels, but it is warned that burning will add enormous amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which will further strengthen global warming and produce more severe climate changes. And there are other very serious long-term consequences to destroying Earth’s most biodiverse region.
8. Why does the writer mention “unexpected consequences” in paragraph 1?
A. To convince the readers of topical forests’ importance.
B. To inform the readers of other discoveries about tropical forests.
C. To argue against the “lungs of the planet” metaphor.
D. To present a more balanced view on the importance of tropical forests.
9. Why won’t the destruction of Amazon have much impact on the planets oxygen level?
A. The oxygen consumed by the dying plants cancels out what they produce in life.
B. The plants in Amazon Rainforest tend to disappear before they are fully grown.
C. Tropical forests have a complex relationship with oxygen generation.
D. Carbon dioxide is only a by-product of the process of decomposition.
10. What makes marine algae a net oxygen contributor as a whole?
A. That marine algae produce more oxygen than plants.
B. That some dead marine algae don’t break down.
C. That marine algae spread fast in the ocean.
D. That some dead marine algae don’t reach the ocean bottom.
11. What can be another useful feature in some marine algae’s death?
A. Mineral accumulation. B. Carbon fixation.
C. Water purification. D. Marine nutrition.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了热带雨林并不是地球的净供氧体，真正的净供氧体是海洋中的藻类。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Often the ratio between a plant producing oxygen in life and consuming oxygen in death is 1:1, so many atmospheric scientists don’t see the Amazon, or even Earth’s forests as a whole as net oxygen producers, because all plants die sooner or later.”（通常情况下，植物在生命中产生氧气和在死亡时消耗氧气的比例为1:1，因此许多大气科学家并不认为亚马逊雨林，甚至整个地球的森林都是净氧气的产生地，因为所有植物迟早都会死亡。）可知，下文展示了科学家的一种新的观点，植物在生命中产生氧气和在死亡时消耗氧气的比例为1:1，因此亚马逊雨林，甚至整个地球的森林并不是净氧气产生地，它们对地球的氧气含量没有显著影响，这是对热带森林的重要性更平衡的看法，由此可推断出，作者在第1段中提到“意外后果”是为了提出下文对热带森林的重要性的更平衡的看法。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Growing plants produce oxygen, and tropical rainforests are huge contributors, but dead and rotting plants—as well as burning plants—consume oxygen to release carbon dioxide as a by-product during decomposition and combustion (燃烧). Often the ratio between a plant producing oxygen in life and consuming oxygen in death is 1:1, so many atmospheric scientists don’t see the Amazon, or even Earth’s forests as a whole as net oxygen producers, because all plants die sooner or later.”（生长中的植物产生氧气，热带雨林是巨大的贡献者，但死亡和腐烂的植物以及燃烧的植物消耗氧气，在分解和燃烧过程中释放出副产品二氧化碳。通常情况下，植物在生命中产生氧气和在死亡时消耗氧气的比例为1:1，因此许多大气科学家并不认为亚马逊雨林，甚至整个地球的森林都是净氧气的产生地，因为所有植物迟早都会死亡。）可知，生长中的植物产生氧气，在分解和燃烧过程中消耗氧气，在生命中产生氧气和在死亡时消耗氧气的比例为1:1，相互抵消了，因此，亚马逊的毁灭不会对地球的含氧量产生很大影响，由此可知，亚马逊的毁灭不会对地球的含氧量产生很大影响，因为濒死植物消耗的氧气抵消了它们在生命中产生的氧气。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“However, when they die, algae do not decompose on the ocean surface, so they do not draw from the atmosphere the same amount of oxygen that they produce in life. Instead, algae sink. Some dead algae consume oxygen dissolved in seawater and largely or completely decompose as they sink, releasing the carbon stored in their bodies into the water. However, others sink deep enough fast enough that they fall below the ocean’s oxygenated layers before they decompose in earnest. They land on the ocean floor almost completely, so the carbon in their bodies stays put. Over millions of years, this process results in a net oxygen gain in Earth’s atmosphere. ”（然而，当藻类死亡时，它们不会在海洋表面分解，因此它们从大气中吸收的氧气量与它们在生命中产生的氧气量不同。相反，藻类会下沉。一些死亡的藻类消耗溶解在海水中的氧气，在下沉时大部分或完全分解，将体内储存的碳释放到水中。然而，另一些则沉得足够深，沉得足够快，以至于它们在真正分解之前就落到海洋的含氧层之下。它们几乎完全降落在海底，所以它们体内的碳元素保持不变。数百万年来，这一过程导致地球大气中的氧气净增加。）可知，当藻类活着时，会产生氧气，当藻类死亡时，它们不会在海洋表面分解，因此不会消耗空气中的氧气，正因为这样，它们成为净供氧体，由此可知，海藻成为净供氧体是因为一些死去的海藻不会分解。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“However, others sink deep enough fast enough that they fall below the ocean’s oxygenated layers before they decompose in earnest. They land on the ocean floor almost completely, so the carbon in their bodies stays put. Over millions of years, this process results in a net oxygen gain in Earth’s atmosphere. ”（然而，另一些则沉得足够深，沉得足够快，以至于它们在真正分解之前就落到海洋的含氧层之下。它们几乎完全降落在海底，所以它们体内的碳元素保持不变。数百万年来，这一过程导致地球大气中的氧气净增加。）可知，当藻类死亡时，它们中的一些几乎完全降落在海底，所以它们体内的碳元素保持不变，具有碳固定性，由此可知，某些海藻死亡的另一个有用特征是碳固定。故选B项。
D
Emerging (新兴的) economies struggled to grow through the 2010s and pessimism hangs over them now. People wonder how they will pay debts rung up during the Covid-19 pandemic and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past.
The freshest answer is the fast-spreading digital revolution (革命). Emerging nations are adopting cutting-edge technology at a lower and lower cost, allowing them to fuel domestic demand and overcome traditional barriers to growth. Over the past decade, the number of smartphone owners has skyrocketed worldwide. The world’s emerging markets have already demonstrated the transformative effects of digital technology, which has saved the economy with old industries slowing sharply.
The digital revolution is as advanced in emerging economies as in developed ones. Among the top 30 nations by tax income from digital services as a share of GDP, 16 are in the emerging world. Since 2017, digital tax income has been growing in emerging countries at an average annual pace of 26%, compared with 11% in the developed ones.
How can it be that poorer nations are adopting digital technologies faster than the rich? One explanation is habit and its absence. In societies with plentiful physical stores and services, customers are often comfortable with and slow to abandon the providers they have. Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks will jump at the first digital option that comes along and quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services.
Since 2010, the cost of starting a business has held steady in developed countries while falling sharply in emerging countries, from 66% to just 27% of the average annual income. Businessmen can now launch businesses affordably, organizing much of what they need on a smartphone.
It’s early days, too. Tech revolutions usually last a long time. Innovations like the car and the steam engine were still transforming economies half a century later. While the pandemic is weakening globalization, the age of rapid digitization has just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catching up with the living standards of the developed world.
12. Where are people more willing to accept digital services?
A. In developed societies.
B. In overpopulated nations.
C. In economies with poor online services.
D. In countries short of basic public facilities.
13. How do businessmen in emerging countries benefit from digital technology?
A. They can pay less tax.
B. They make stable profits.
C. They do business at lower costs.
D. They enjoy a bigger share of the market.
14. Why are “the car and the steam engine” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To prove old inventions will finally go out of style.
B. To indicate digitization will have a long-term impact.
C. To explain innovations will take a long time to be adopted.
D. To imply developing countries will overtake developed ones.
15. What’s the best title of the text?
A. The Global Economy Is Looking Up
B. Emerging Economies Struggle in the Pandemic
C. Digital Tech Saves the Declining Emerging Markets
D. Digital Service Is Progressing Slowly in Rich Countries
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是数字革命对拯救经济的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks will jump at the first digital option that comes along and quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services.(缺乏学校、医院和银行的国家将会欣然接受第一个出现的数字化选择，并通过建立在线服务迅速弥补这些差距。)”可知，缺乏基本公共设施的国家更愿意接受数字服务。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Since 2010, the cost of starting a business has held steady in developed countries while falling sharply in emerging countries, from 66% to just 27% of the average annual income. Businessmen can now launch businesses affordably, organizing much of what they need on a smartphone.(自2010年以来，在发达国家，创业成本一直保持稳定，而在新兴国家，创业成本则大幅下降，从平均年收入的66%降至27%。商人们现在可以负担得起创办企业，用智能手机组织他们需要的很多东西。)”可推断出新兴国家的商人通过以较低的成本做生意来从数字技术中获益，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“While the pandemic is weakening globalization, the age of rapid digitization has just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catching up with the living standards of the developed world.(在疫情削弱全球化的同时，快速数字化时代才刚刚开始。这为许多发展中经济体提供了一条革命性的新道路，以赶上发达国家的生活水平。)”可推断出最后一段提到了“汽车和蒸汽机”是为了表明数字化将产生长期影响。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“People wonder how they will pay debts rung up during the Covid-19 pandemic and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past.(人们想知道他们将如何偿还Covid-19大流行期间的债务，以及他们如何能像过去那样快速增长。)”和第二段的“The freshest answer is the fast-spreading digital revolution (革命).(最新鲜的答案是迅速蔓延的数字革命。)”可知，本文主要讲的是数字革命对拯救经济的影响，因此最好的题目是C选项“Digital Tech Saves the Declining Emerging Markets(数字技术拯救衰退的新兴市场)”，故选C。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
There are advantages of being smart. Smart people tend to live longer, and are less likely to experience negative life events.
____16____ Ruth Karpinski’s team carried out a study on members from Mensa, a high IQ society. Respondents were asked to report whether they had suffered from mood and anxiety disorders. The researchers found Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from serious disorders.
To explain the findings, Karpinski brings up the hyper (亢奋的) body theory. It holds that being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological (生理的) “overexcitabilities”, or OEs. ____17____ This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. They may overanalyze a disapproving comment, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to those less intelligent. ____18____
The results must be interpreted cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common among people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence causes the disorder. ____19____ All the same, the findings cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. ____20____ In a 2015 study, researchers concluded the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.
A Now there’s some bad news for them.
B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.
C. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind it.
D. An OE is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.
E. That may cause the body’s stress response, further increasing the anxiety.
F. They found the respondents showed differences in mood and anxiety disorders.
G. Chances are that people joining Mensa differ from others in ways other than just IQ.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. E 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，高智商人更容易患上严重的疾病。
【16题详解】
第一段中“There are advantages of being smart. Smart people tend to live longer, and are less likely to experience negative life events.(聪明有很多好处。聪明的人往往更长寿，不太可能经历消极的生活事件)”提到聪明的好处，本段最后一句“The researchers found Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from serious disorders.(研究人员发现，来自Mensa的高智商成员更有可能患上严重的疾病)”描述了高智商可能使人患上严重的疾病，故A项“现在有一些坏消息要告诉他们”符合语境，A项中的“them”指代上文的“Smart people”。故选A项。
【17题详解】
上文“It holds that being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological (生理的) “overexcitabilities”, or OEs.(该理论认为，高智商与心理和生理上的‘过度兴奋性’有关，或称OEs)”提到OE的概念，结合下文“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可以包括任何事情，从令人震惊的声音到与他人的冲突)”可知，空处应是进一步解释OE，D项“OE是对环境威胁或滥用的一种异常强烈的反应”符合语境，下文中“This”指代D项中的“an environmental threat or abuse”，故选D项。
【18题详解】
本段是解释为什么聪明的人更容易患上疾病，根据上文“They may overanalyze a disapproving comment, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to those less intelligent.(他们可能会过度分析不赞成的评论，想象那些低智商的人不会想到的负面结果)”可知，聪明的人会过度分析和想象，E项“这可能会引起身体的压力反应，进一步增加焦虑”承接上文，说明上文行为的后果，与本段主题一致。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Showing that a disorder is more common among people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence causes the disorder.(表明一种疾病在高智商人群中比在普通人群中更常见，并不能证明高智商导致了这种疾病)”可知，对来自Mensa的人的研究表明，Mensa的高智商成员更有可能患上严重的疾病，但这并不意味着高智商导致了这种疾病，G项“加入Mensa的人很可能除了智商之外还有其他不同之处”提出另一种可能性，符合语境，故选G项。
【20题详解】
上文“One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics.(一种可能性是，智力和健康结果之间的关联反映了基因多效性，当一个基因影响看似不相关的特征时，就会出现多效性)”提到智力和健康之间的关系，下文“In a 2015 study, researchers concluded the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.(在2015年的一项研究中，研究人员得出结论，智商和寿命之间的联系主要是由遗传因素解释的)”用研究证实这一结论，故B项“已经有一些证据表明这是事实”与上下文衔接紧密，故选B项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分55分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Carl Allamby grew up in a poor African American neighborhood. As a child, pursuing his dream is ____21____ but easy for him. His school didn’t offer the advanced science classes that might have led him on the path to ____22____ Even it had, doing well in school could prove dangerous. There were often times they would be attacked for ____23____ the class. As a result, he ____24____ the thought of becoming a doctor.
At age 19, he started working alone in a garage. Over the years it had ____25____ into two shops, but Carl was ____26____ for something more. So at 34, he went for his bachelor’s degree in business management and he was ____27____ he had to take biology to get his degree.
It turned out that it was the ____28____ thing to have happened. Biology class reawakened a childhood dream he had ____29____ somewhere deep within himself. Determined to accomplish his dream, he skipped business ____30____ the science classes for a second career. “It was ____31____ to become a doctor at around 50. I would ____32____ become a nurse, or a physician assistant.” Carl reasoned.
But Carl’s chemistry professor ____33____ him after class one day and talked him out of that thought.
He was right. Carl did well in all his courses. And so in 2015, he cut ____34____ with his past, selling his two shops and everything in them. In 2019, at 47, Carl Allamby became Carl Allamby, MD. The world may have ____35____ him around once or twice, but it didn’t defeat him.
“How many people can do something so ____36____ at such a late stage in their life?” he says. “I fit so many demographics (人口统计数据) that ____37____ you shouldn’t be a doctor. ____38____ it’s because of my age, my race, my upbringing, or my career, these are all good ____39____ suggesting I shouldn’t be here. And ____40____ here I am.”
21. A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything
22. A. business B. physics C. medicine D. biology
23. A. topping B. skipping C. missing D. resisting
24. A. wrote down B. set aside C. came up with D. got down to
25. A. narrowed B. declined C. grown D. shrunk
26. A. hopeful B. sorry C. desperate D. grateful
27. A. informed B. warmed C. convinced D. advised
28. A. very B. least C. last D. best
29. A. lost B. hidden C. made D. lived
30. A. in praise of B. in memory of C. in need of D. in favor of
31. A. crazy B. cool C. worthwhile D. admirable
32. A. however B. indeed C. instead D. otherwise
33. A. spotted B. stopped C. scolded D. seized
34. A. ties B. profits C. business D. memories
35. A. dropped B. kissed C. swallowed D. knocked
36. A. ridiculous B. brand-new C. ambitious D. straight-forward
37. A. calculate B. write C. report D. say
38. A. If B. When C. Whether D. While
39. A. reasons B. tips C. proofs D. examples
40. A. so B. yet C. then D. still
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。卡尔·阿拉姆比在一个贫穷的非裔美国人社区长大，艰苦的不利条件让他童年时放弃了当医生的梦想，但是在34岁攻读企业管理学士学位时被要求学习生物学，这让他重燃了儿时的梦想，并在47岁时卡尔·阿拉比成为卡尔·阿拉比医学博士。
【21题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子，追求他的梦想对他来说绝不容易。A.nothing没有什么，没有一件东西；B.everything一切；C.anything任何事物；D.something某事，某物。根据后文“His school didn’t offer the advanced science classes”(他的学校不提供高级科学课程)可知，追求他的梦想对他来说绝不容易。anything but意为“根本不，决不”。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的学校没有提供可能会引导他走上医学道路的高级科学课程。A.business商业；B.physics物理学；C.medicine医学；D.biology生物。根据后文“the thought of becoming a doctor”(成为医生的想法)可知，此处是指可能会引导他走上医学道路。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常因为名列前茅而受到攻击。A.topping居……之首；B.skipping跳过，略过；C.missing错过；D.resisting阻挡，抵制。根据前文“doing well in school could prove dangerous”(在学校表现好可能会有危险)可知，此处是指他们经常因为名列前茅而受到攻击。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果，他放弃了当医生的念头。A.wrote down写下；B.set aside把……抛在脑后；C.came up with提出；D.got down to着手处理。根据“As a result”可知，此处是指在诸多不利条件下，他放弃了当医生的念头。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，它已经发展成两家商店，但卡尔渴望得到更多。A.narrowed使缩小，压缩；B.zoomed快速移动，迅速前往；C.grown发展，增加；D.shrunk收缩。根据“into two shops”可知，此处是指发展成两家商店。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，它已经发展成两家商店，但卡尔渴望得到更多。A.hopeful满怀希望的；B.sorry抱歉的，惭愧的，歉疚的；C.desperate渴望的；D.grateful感激的。根据后文“he went for his bachelor’s degree in business management”(他攻读了企业管理学士学位)可知，此处是指卡尔渴望得到更多。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以在34岁的时候，他去攻读工商管理学士学位，他被告知他必须学习生物学才能获得学位。A.informed通知；B.warmed温暖；C.convinced使确信，使信服；D.advised建议。根据后文“he had to take biology to get his degree”可知，此处是指他被告知他必须学习生物学才能获得学位。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这是发生的最好的事情。A.very同一的，恰好的，正是的；B.least最少的；C.last最后的；D.best最好的。根据后文“Biology class reawakened a childhood dream”(生物课重新唤醒了一个童年的梦想)可知，此处是指这是发生的最好的事情。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：生物课重新唤醒了他童年时隐藏在内心深处的一个梦想。A.lost丢失；B.hidden隐藏；C.made制作；D.lived生活。根据“deep within himself”可知，此处是指隐藏在内心深处的一个梦想。故选B项。
30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了实现自己的梦想，他放弃了商业，改上科学课，开始了第二职业。A.in praise of歌颂；B.in memory of纪念；C.in need of需要；D.in favor of支持。根据“for a second career”可知，此处是指放弃了商业，改上科学课。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在50岁左右成为一名医生是件疯狂的事。A.crazy疯狂的；B.cool凉的，凉爽的；C.worthwhile重要的，有益的，值得做的；D.admirable令人钦佩的，极其出色的。根据后文“become a nurse, or a physician assistant”(成为一名护士或医生助理)和“Carl reasoned”(卡尔理智地想)可知，此处是指卡尔认为想在50岁左右成为一名医生是件疯狂的事。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我会成为一名护士或医生助理。A.however但是；B.indeed确实；C.instead反而；D.otherwise否则。根据“become a nurse, or a physician assistant”和“become a doctor”可知，此处是讲卡尔认为相反自己会成为一名护士或医生助理。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是有一天，卡尔的化学教授在课后叫住了他，并劝他打消了这个念头。A.spotted看见，注意到；B.stopped使停下；C.scolded责备；D.seized抓住，捉住。根据后文“talked him out of that thought”可知，此处是指卡尔的化学教授在课后叫住了他。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，在2015年，他切断了与过去的联系，卖掉了他的两家店铺和其中的一切。A.ties联系；B.profits利润；C.business商业；D.memories记忆。根据后文“selling his two shops and everything in them”可知，此处是指他切断了与过去的联系。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个世界也许会击倒他一两次，但它不会打败他。A.dropped投，丢；B.kissed亲吻，接吻；C.swallowed吞下，咽下；D.knocked碰撞，碰倒。根据“but it didn’t defeat him”可知，此处是指这个世界也许会击倒他一两次。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有多少人能在生命的后期做一些全新的事情呢？A.ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的；B.brand-new全新的；C.ambitious有抱负的，野心勃勃的；D.straight-forward直接的。根据前文“he cut ties with his past, selling his two shops and everything in them”可知，此处是指在生命的后期做一些全新的事情。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多人都说你不应该当医生。A.calculate计算；B.write写；C.report报告；D.say说。根据“you shouldn’t be a doctor”可知，此处是指数据说他不应该当医生。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：无论是因为我的年龄、种族、成长环境，还是我的职业，这些都是我不应该来这里的充分理由。A.If如果；B.When当；C.Whether不管，无论；D.While尽管。“whether...or...”意为“不管……还是……”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论是因为我的年龄、种族、成长环境，还是我的职业，这些都是我不应该来这里的充分理由。A.reasons理由；B.tips建议；C.proofs 证明，证据；D.examples例子。根据“it’s because of my age, my race, my upbringing, or my career”可知，此处是讲这些都是“我”不应该来这里的充分理由。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我在这里。A.so所以；B.yet然而；C.then当时；D.still仍然。根据前文“I shouldn’t be here”和后文“here I am”可知，此处是指然而“我”在这里。故选B项。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节 单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
41. ________ my preference and habit, I have to admit that the best approach improving English is to open our mouth.
A. In spite of; of B. Regardless of; to C. Despite; in D. As to; on
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：不管我的喜好和习惯如何，我必须承认提高英语最好的方法就是开口说英语。A. In spite of尽管；B. Regardless of不管；C. Despite尽管；D. As to至于。第一空表示“不管”应用应用regardless of；第二空表示“……的方法”短语为approach to doing sth.。故选B。
42. The instruments and musicians ________ different functions: sustaining, modifying (修饰), synthesizing (合成) and innovating, paired into two key types of roles — supporting and leading.
A. take out B. take away C. take on D. take up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：乐器和音乐家承担着不同的职责：维持、修改、综合和创新，配对成两种关键类型的角色——辅助和主导。A. take out取出；B. take away带走，剥夺；C. take on承担，呈现；D. take up开始从事，占据。结合空后的“different functions”可知，此处指承担着不同的职责，故选C项。
43. I________ to help you with your homework but I couldn’t spare any time. I________ a composition last night and I’ll finish it today.
A. wanted；have been writing B. wanted；wrote
C. have wanted；wrote D. had wanted；was writing
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查过去完成时的特殊用法和过去进行时。句意：我本想帮助你做家庭作业，但我抽不出任何时间。昨天晚上我在写作文，今天我要写完它。一些动词，如expect(期待)，hope(希望)，intend(打算)，mean(打算)，suppose(料想)，think(认为)，want(想要)等，可用过去完成时表示“本打算(本计划、本希望、本认为)做而未做”，结合句意可知，第一空处指“本想帮助你做家庭作业，但实际上未能帮上忙”，用过去完成时形式had wanted表示“本想做而未做”；第二空中，根据句中时间状语last night可知，讲述的是过去的事情，再结合I’ll finish it today可知，“写作文”这件事情在昨天晚上并未完成，因此应用过去进行时，表示动作当时正在发生，尚未完成。故选D项。
44. —Why does the river smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of rubbish ________ there, and we should alert the public ________ the danger of it.
A. have been thrown; of B. has been thrown; of
C. has been thrown; to D. have been thrown; to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和介词搭配。句意：——为什么这条河散发着恶臭？——因为大量的垃圾被扔在那里，我们应该提醒公众注意它的危险。quantities of既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用复数，故排除B、C项；alert sb to sth“使意识到，提醒某人注意某事”固定搭配。故选D项。
45. The mental problems ________ from a physical cause will eventually cause harm to the future life.
A. arising B. rising C. raising D. arousing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由身体原因引起的精神问题最终会对未来的生活造成伤害。 A.arising发生，产生； B.rising升起； C.raising提高； D.arousing激起。根据空格后的from和句意可知，此处是考查arise的用法“arise from...(由……引起)”，而“rise from”表示“从……站起”。故选A项。
46. —When did you arrive ________ we camped last Friday?
—It was not until midnight ________ it was raining hard.
A. where; when B. which; that C. where; that D. which; when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查地点状语从句和强调句。句意：——你什么时候到上周五我们露营那里？——直到午夜，雨下得很大。分析句子可知，第一空为地点状语从句，主句和从句都缺地点状语，所以应用where；第二空考查强调句，即“it is+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分”，强调内容指物时只能用that引导，此处强调内容是until midnight，所以应用that。故选C项。
47. But a change, no matter how ________ it was needed, didn’t just happen in response to his cry.
A. ultimately B. domestically C. instinctively D. desperately
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，无论多么迫切地需要改变，他的哭声并没有让改变发生。 A. ultimately最终，最后；根本上；B. domestically国内地；家庭式地； C. instinctively凭直觉地；直觉地；本能的； D. desperately不顾一切地；非常，极其。分析句子和选项中的四个副词可知，空格处的副词应该是修饰空格后的动词needed，根据句意只能是D项“desperately（非常，极其）”的意思合适。故选D项。
48. After a serious flu outbreak ________ out 99.4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.
A. wipes B. breaks C. rents D. launches
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在一场严重的流感爆发导致世界99.4%的人口死亡后，一场善恶之战在幸存的人中展开。 A.wipes out彻底消灭；B.breaks out爆发；C.rents out租出；D.launches out出航。根据句意可知，严重的流感爆发应该是导致世界99.4%的人口死亡。故选A项。
49. The old professor insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to ________.
A. discussing B. being discussed C. be discussed D. discuss
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老教授坚持要讨论那个需要注意的问题。insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句要用should do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略，discuss与主语problem是被动关系，要用被动语态，故C项正确。
50. There are actual things that can ________ in every one of us, as to lead us to some sort of suddenly-found identity.
A. make ends meet B. strike a chord C. fall into ruin D. make a getaway
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一些实际的事情可以在我们每个人身上引起共鸣，从而引导我们找到某种突然发现的身份。A.make ends meet收支相抵；B.strike a chord引起共鸣；C.fall into ruin 陷入废墟；D.make a getaway逃走。由后文“suddenly-found identity”以及结合选项可知，B项“引起共鸣”最符合语境。故选B项。
第三节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
51. Top goalkeepers can earn up to $50,000 a year from manufacturers for wearing their gear (服装), including built-in ________ (bonus) for Cup runs and television appearances. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】bonuses
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：顶级门将每年可以从制造商那里获得高达5万美元的收入，包括参加世界杯和在电视上亮相时的内置奖金。bonus为可数名词，根据后文 for Cup runs and television appearances可知为复数形式。故填bonuses。
52. As is often the case, lots of things happen to go wrong at ________ (precise) the same time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】precisely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：通常情况下，很多事情恰好在同一时间出错。分析句子可知，此空应填副词修饰形容词 same。故填precisely。
53. People in the area where there is a lack ________ electricity often keep a supply of candles in case of power failure. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：停电地区的人们通常会保持蜡烛供应，以防停电。分析句子可知，a lack of表“缺乏”，为固定搭配。故填of。
54. Cycling to work is a healthy alternative to________ (drive) to work.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】driving
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：骑自行车上班比开车上班更健康。句中涉及固定短语“an alternative to doing sth.”，意为“替代做某事的方法”，to为介词，后接动名词形式作宾语，drive意为“开车”，动词词性，动名词形式为driving。故填driving。
55. The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此空格处用引导词what，故填what。
56. He built up the business at ________ expense of his health. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】the
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他以牺牲健康为代价建立了企业。分析句意可知，此处用定冠词the构成固定短语at the expense of表示“以损害……为代价”符合语境。故填the。
57. Each of the 12 participating institutions selected through expert ________ (evaluate) will receive a design fee of 500,000 RMB. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】evaluation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过专家评审选出的12家参与机构，每一家将获得50万元人民币的设计费。分析句子可知，介词through后面应加名词，而expert evaluation 表“专家审评”，且evaluation表“审评”，为不可数名词。故填evaluation。
58. The museum exhibits plenty of antiques, ________ (range) from ancient household gadgets (小器具) to manual tools. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】ranging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：博物馆展出了大量的古董，从古代家用小工具到手工工具。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语作后置定语修饰antiques，且antiques和range是主动关系，由句意知这里应用现在分词作后置定语，其中range from表“范围从......”。故填ranging。
59. Most people work because it’s unavoidable.______contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.(用适当的单词填空)
【答案】By
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：大多数人工作因为那是不可避免的。相比之下，有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语by contrast“相比之下”，故填By。
60. ________ (expose) to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to comprehend the local language. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Being exposed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：接触外国文化对于我们学习当地的语言是有好处的。短语 be exposed to 意为接触，此处作主语应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Being exposed。
写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My classmates and I visited the city museum on last Friday, where an exhibition of the traditional Chinese folk handicrafts was going on. A great many crafted items were on display, so each of them had a unique style. While admiring them, we feel proud of the wisdoms of the Chinese people. Besides, some craftsmen invited to show how to make them, which was very impressive. We were such amazed that we couldn't tear us away. We thought the exhibition was well worth visited. It was the trip to the museum which helped us to learn more about the Chinese art and culture. It is wide acknowledged that appreciating one's own culture is important for understanding oneself.
【答案】1.去掉on
2.so→and
3.feel→felt
4.wisdoms→wisdom
5.invited前加were
6.such→so
7.us→ourselves
8.visited→visiting
9.which→that
10.wide→widely
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者上周五和同学参观了市博物馆的所见所闻和感想。
【详解】(1)考查固定短语。句意：上周五，我和我的同学参观了市博物馆，那里正在举办中国传统民间手工艺品展览。last和时间名词连用，前面不加冠词，故去掉on。
(2)考查连词。句意：展览上有许多手工制作的物品，每件都有独特的风格。前后是并列关系而不是因果关系，所以用and连接，故so改为and。
(3)考查时态。句意：在赞叹的同时，我们也为中国人民的智慧感到自豪。叙述过去的事，应用一般过去时。故将feel改为felt。
(4)考查不可数名词。句意：在赞叹的同时，我们也为中国人民的智慧感到自豪。wisdom为不可数名词，无复数，故wisdoms改为wisdom。
(5)考查时态语态。句意：此外，还邀请了一些工匠来展示如何制作它们，这是非常令人印象深刻的。invite和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语为复数名词，故invited前面加were。
(6)考查副词。句意：我们是如此的惊奇，以至于我们舍不得离开。此处后面是形容词，所以用副词so，such后跟名词，故such改为so。
(7)考查反身代词。句意：我们是如此的惊奇，以至于我们舍不得离开。指主语we本身，所以用反身代词，故us改为ourselves。
(8)考查动名词。句意：我们认为这个展览很值得一看。 be worth doing值得做，为固定搭配，故visited改为visiting。
(9)考查强调句。句意：正是参观博物馆帮助我们更多地了解了中国的艺术和文化。本句为强调句，强调句型为：it be+被强调部分+that，此处强调了主语，故which改为that。
(10)考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，欣赏自己的文化对了解自己很重要。修饰动词，所以用副词，wide作副词时，表示具体，此处表示抽象意义，意思是“广泛地”，所以用widely，故wide改为widely。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
62. 英雄航天员陈冬光荣地承担了两次航天任务，他十几年如一日刻苦训练从不言弃，终于实现了自己的航天梦。你校《学生英文报》正在组织“向陈冬学习”的英语征文活动，请你向校报投稿，内容包括：
1. 他的优秀品质；
2. 如何向他学习。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 The astronaut who performed space missions twice, Chendong deserves our highest respect for his persistence in the decade-long hard training. Never did he say never and ultimately he lived his space dream.
How can we learn from Chendong, especially his perseverance and diligence? When failing in exams, we should reflect on our weak points and do countless exercise rather than drown ourselves in sorrow or disappointment. Regarding difficulties we meet in our daily life, we should recover from low spirits and quickly regain calmness as Chendong did. Hard work can pay off.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。英雄航天员陈冬光荣地承担了两次航天任务，他十几年如一日刻苦训练从不言弃，终于实现了自己的航天梦。你校《学生英文报》正在组织“向陈冬学习”的英语征文活动，请你向校报投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
反思：reflect on→self-examine
终于：ultimately→finally
弱点：weak points→disadvantage
关于：regarding→concerning
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hard work can pay off
拓展句：As we all know, hard work can pay off.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The first female astronaut who performed spacewalk by Shenzhou XIII, Wang Yaping deserves our highest respect for her persistence in the decade-long hard training. (运用了who引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] Never did she say never and ultimately she lived her space dream. (运用了部分倒装)
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