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黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共31页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
哈三中2021-2022学年度下学期
高二学年期末考试英语试卷
(时间:120分钟满分150分)
第I卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题下上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给出的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What docs the man mean?
A. The film was interesting on the whole.
B. He had never seen such a terrible film.
C. The film wasn’t as good as he had expected.
2. What color paper does the girl want?
A. Red. B. Pink. C. Blue.
3. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Mother and son. B. Sister and brother. C. Teacher and student.
4. How will the woman go home?
A. Somebody will drive her home.
B. Her father will pick her up.
C. She will go back home on foot.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. The government. B. Their payment. C. A strike.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What docs the woman suggest the man do?
A. Take some medicine. B. Call a doctor. C. Go back home and have a rest.
7. What will the man do next week?
A. Have a business trip. B. Go back to Germany. C. Give the woman a call.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the man think of his camera?
A. Easy to use. B. Cheap. C. Good in quality.
9. Where did the man buy the camera?
A. In America. B. In China. C. In Japan.
10. Why does the woman want to buy a Japanese camera?
A. Her husband likes it. B. It is easy to use. C. She likes it very much.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the woman?
A. A reporter. B. A teacher. C. A farm owner.
12. What are many children interested in?
A. Feeding cattle. B. Collecting eggs. C. Seeing farmyard animals.
13. What does the woman think is important to animals?
A. Freedom. B. Peace. C. Food.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. How will the woman get to the man’s house?
A. By car. B. By underground. C. By bike.
15. What does the man ask the woman to do after going past the park?
A. Turn right before she gets to the bridge.
B. Turn left before she gets to the bridge.
C. Go across the bridge in front of her.
16. Where is the man’s house?
A. Opposite a big supermarket.
B. In the middle of Garden Road.
C. On the right side of Garden Road.
17. When will the woman get to the man’s house?
A. On Saturday afternoon.
B. On Sunday morning.
C. On Sunday afternoon.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What do we know about high school or college students?
A. They act in plays for fun.
B. They can earn their living by acting.
C. They take part in Hollywood plays.
19. When do amateurs put on plays?
A. In the mornings. B. In the afternoons. C. In the evenings or at weekends.
20. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. Putting on a play is boring.
B. Amateurs are paid for their work.
C. There are theatre groups for amateurs in many cities.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
At 5:30 p. m, 10th November, it was dark everywhere in New York, which is the biggest power failure in the history.
•Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building. “There were twelve of us. But no one was panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn’t let him. Firemen finally got us out.”
•“It was the best night we’ve ever had,” said Angola Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd street, “and the place was full all night, in fact.” She added “We had lots of candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays. After we had closed, we let the people stay on and spend the night here.”
•The zoos had their problems like everyone else. Keepers worked through the night. They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm. While zoos had problems keeping warm, supermarkets had problems keeping cool. “All of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted,” said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan. “They were worth $ 50,000.”
•The big electric clock in the lobby of the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started to tick again at 5:25 this morning. It was almost on time.
1. Throughout the period of darkness, Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were ________.
A. upset B. anxious C. frightened D. calm
2. During the power failure ________.
A. the frozen food in the supermarket melted
B. the business of the restaurant was no better than usual
C. nobody stayed the night in Angola Carraro’s restaurant
D. keepers in the zoos found it easy to keep animals warm
3. How long did the power failure last?
A. More than 12 hours. B. Nearly 12 hours. C. More than 24 hours. D. Nearly 24 hours.
A boy from Utah flew across the country to thank his hero, Tom Brady, for helping him beat brain cancer.
Noah Reeb, who has been cancer-free since August, attended the Oct. 25 game with his family after a battle with cancer that included two brain surgeries, chemotherapy and radiation. Throughout the game, Reeb held a homemade sign that read: “Tom Brady helped me beat brain cancer.”
Noah Reeb said that he broke down in tears and that it was a blessing to even attend the game. “The fact that I was even there made me want to cry... I was so happy,” he said. “It was his first live NFL game since beating germinoma, a germ cell tumor that’s commonly found in the brain,” Noah’s dad, James Reeb, said.
Noah’s battle began in November 2020. During the nearly seven-month battle, James Reeb said they counted on their family, friends, their faith and his wife’s watchful care. However, they also had football, he said. “It was where he (Noah) would go physically and mentally to get away from the treatments, the injections, the pain and anxiety,” James Reeb said.” And the thought of Tom Brady playing live was huge for him. It was what motivated him when he was hurting or down or suffering.”
It was Noah Reeb’s dream to meet and throw a football with the Super Bowl champion who had sent him a short video of encouragement in the early days of his battle. In the short clip, Brady reassured Noah that he had a family that supports him and that he was going to be OK. James Reeb said the video “picked Noah up” and every time he was feeling down, he would re-watch it “to help motivate him”.
“I’d like to tell him, thank you for sending me videos. It’s just such a blessing,” the boy, whose dream is to play in the NFL, said.
4. What can we learn about Noah and his cancer?
A. He had suffered from brain cancer for less than one year.
B. He watched his first live NFL during the battle against cancer.
C. His cancer was cured thanks to NFL’s financial assistance.
D. His cancer was not as severe as his family members thought.
5. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The letter from Brady helped Noah a lot.
B. Noah came across Brady at a NFL game.
C. Noah felt grateful to Brady, who inspired him.
D. Noah wanted to cry during the NFL game due to pain.
6. What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Put Noah up. B. Woke Noah up. C. Brought Noah up. D. Cheered Noah up.
7. Which of the following words can best describe Noah?
A. Sensitive and energetic. B. Righteous and positive.
C. Persistent and strong. D. Fearless and loyal.
Just as our bodies produce waste every day — which is why we need to shower and use the toilet — our brains produce harmful waste proteins. But how can our brains “shower” themselves?
A 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University of Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF脑髓液), was found to increase dramatically during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between braincells in waking hours.
“This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake,” Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can’t think clearly after a sleepless night while a good night’s sleep leaves us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, published on October 31 in Science, digs a little deeper into our brains’ self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping, using accelerated FMRI, which is capable of recording faster changes inside the brain than a regular FMRI machine. They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and “clean”. This cycle coincided (巧合) with the rhythm of the brains slow waves — an electrical activity that happens when we’re in deep sleep.
It’s still unknown how these brain activities are connected. But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.
For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer’s often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.
Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. “Maybe the most important take-home message is that sleep is a serious thing,” she told Scientific American. “You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity to a practical housekeeping ‘function’.”
8. The body waste is mentioned at the beginning of the passage to________.
A. show the similarity between body and brain
B. explain the main components of brain waste
C. introduce the topic of passage through comparison
D. remind us of the necessity of regular body cleaning
9. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The self-cleaning function of human brains.
B. The importance of sleep at night for humans.
C. The cause and possible cures of diseased human brains.
D. The different states of human brains at daytime and night.
10. The findings of the new study are important because they ________.
A. are based on more advanced technology
B. give us new insight into some brain diseases
C. confirm the connection between brain activities
D. reveal the process of brains cleaning themselves
11. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Slow brainwaves are caused by the brain cleaning process.
B. The diseased brains break down for not cleaning themselves.
C. Sleep is the most important factor for improving our memory.
D. Slow brainwaves and brain cleaning occur with identical frequency.
We all want to go somewhere — somewhere that has been on our bucket list for ages. So, when the chance arises, we tend to squeeze as many sights into the trip as we can — four cities in seven days, “must-see’s” in Tokyo, famous landmarks in Europe. It’s as if the faster we’re checking things off our list, the more we are experiencing.
However, when it comes to travel, it’s probably not quantity that counts but quality. Traveler, the South Korean reality show, can perhaps give us some idea of what travel is like at its best.
Like many travel-themed shows, Traveler features two celebrities — Ryu Jun-yeol, 33, and Lee Je-hoon, 35. But unlike other cookie-cutter (千篇一律的) travel shows, Traveler’s travelers don’t have a mission and there isn’t a competition for them to win. Instead, it focuses on “depicting the real experience of traveling by showing the processes of finding a place to stay or grabbing a taxi”, according to The Korea Times. In other words, Ryu and Lee are given total freedom to explore, for example, Cuba, the central American country, without any interference or help from a production team.
This is actually the philosophy of what’s called “slow travel” — which is currently trending among the world’s more adventurous journeyers.
Slow travel isn’t about getting somewhere as quickly as possible, but about simply being excited as you’re getting there — or not getting there at all.
You may try to wander off the main road and take a back street instead. You may ignore the guidebook’s recommendation and ask local people where they prefer to cat and hang out. And you’ll be surprised by what a place has to offer when you’re not busy rushing around and checking things off your bucket list.
“Travel is just like life,” said Ryu in the show. “There is little fun in it if everything is predictable.” It’s true that we all want to go “somewhere”. But as the travel blog Cheese Web says, “As long as you keep an open mind, you’ll see that everywhere is ‘somewhere’.”
12. What do people usually do when they have the chance to go somewhere?
A. People can’t wait to go to as many places as they can.
B. People like to travel to somewhere but they have no time.
C. People often go sightseeing without any purposes and plans.
D. People pay attention to their travel quality rather than quantity.
13. From the show, Traveler, we know that ______.
A. both the travelers in the show are not famous
B. travelers in Traveler have certain assignments and competitions
C. travelers in Traveler have the freedom to explore with some interference
D. travel in the show focuses on feelings during traveling. such as being excited
14. What’s the attitude of the author towards the current travel trend among adventurous journeyers?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Critical. D. Indifferent.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Travel: Becoming Part of Life
B. Slow Travel: Featuring More Sightseeing
C. Quality Travel: Attracting Tourists from Abroad
D. Slow Travel: Helping People Truly Explore Places
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cellphones and Friends
Have you ever spent time with friends who ignored you because they were busy on their cellphones? Do you ever feel that your friends are distracted by their cellphones to the point of not hearing what you say in person? Or are you the one who pays more attention to a text conversation than a face-to-face interaction? The act of chatting on cellphones and ignoring friends is now called “phubbing”. Having your cellphone with you is necessary, because you need to deal with possible emergencies. ____16____ Here are some suggestions.
Put your cellphone on silent when you are with friends. ____17____ If you’re worried about missing an important message, you can set your cellphone to vibrate mode and check it momentarily before giving the person you are with your full attention.
Be considerate. Isn’t it annoying if your close friend constantly checks the cellphone and ignores your heartfelt words? You don’t want to feel like someone who isn’t physically there is more important than you, and neither do others. ____18____
____19____ This allows you to better digest your food. Also, engaging in face-to-face conversations with your loved ones will make the dining experience a lot more pleasant.
Don’t use your cellphone at a wedding. ____20____ You’ re invited because they want you to witness the precious moment in their lives, so respect them by being present physically, mentally, and emotionally.
A. Speak slowly and clearly.
B. Put your cellphone aside while eating.
C. Therefore, treat others as you prefer to be treated.
D. After all, you never know when there might be an emergency.
E. Make sure you give your undivided attention to the bride and groom.
F. This makes you stay entirely focused on the face-to- face interactions.
G. However, it’s also important to have proper manners on a social occasion.
第三部分英语知识运用(共四节，满分55分)
第一节:完型填空(共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Rehn Staton recently found he was accepted by Harvard Law School — as well as to law schools at Columbia, UPenn, USC and Pepperdine. For Staton, the sky’s the limit, ____21____ it wasn’t always that way. He once worked as a sanitation worker (环卫工人) in Maryland before ____22____ his dreams and applying for law school.
Staton, 24, was raised by a single father who worked hard to ____23____ him and his brother. Staton said growing up was ____24____ and he used to struggle in school. One teacher even ____25____ he switch to a special education class. But with the help of a tutor, who worked with Staton for free, he ____26____ it.
Staton was a high school ____27____, focusing on martial arts and boxing. After suffering an injury, Staton said his ____28____ for college became fewer. “It ruined the chances of me turning ____29____ in sports. So, that’s to say, when applying to college, I got denied by every single one,” he said.
Instead of pursuing higher _____30_____, Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal, which he said changed his life in ways he never _____31_____. He said he wanted to work there _____32_____ there was something he could do to help his dad pay for the mortgage (按揭贷款). “What I didn’t expect to _____33_____ was, most of the people I worked with were formerly incarcerated (监禁)… So, it caught me _____34_____ surprise how much they uplifted me and really wanted me to make _____35_____ of myself. It was the people that were on the _____36_____ of the hierarchy (等级) who really lifted me up,” he said.
His _____37_____ encouraged him to apply to Bowie State University in 2014, and in 2016, he transferred to the University of Maryland. “After I started doing well there, I just knew I wanted to go and _____38_____ law,” Staton said. He took the LSAT and applied to nine schools — getting _____39_____ to five and wait listed at the other four. _____40_____, Staton decided to commit to Harvard Law School — and he’ll never forget all the people who helped him get there.
21. A. since B. but C. for D. or
22. A. making B. following C. remembering D. forgetting
23. A. count on B. feed on C. provide for D. provide with
24. A. simple B. tough C. smooth D. sharp
25. A. persuaded B. claimed C. acknowledged D. suggested
26. A. made B. got C. repeated D. helped
27. A. coach B. singer C. athlete. D. teacher
28. A. preferences B. changes C. advantages D. options
29. A. professional B. personal C. hopeful D. active
30. A. education B. career C. position D. salary
31. A. wanted B. needed C. promised D. imagined
32. A. though B. because C. while D. unless
33. A. present B. happen C. prepare D. ignore
34. A. in B. for C. by D. on
35. A. something B. nothing C. someone D. nobody
36. A. bottom B. middle C. centre D. top
37. A. classmates B. coworkers C. tutors D. professors
38. A. practice B. obey C. violate D. issue
39. A. received B. denied C. admitted D. reserved
40. A. Additionally B. However C. Eventually D. Instead
第二节 单项选择(共15小题,每小题1分;满分15分)
从下列各题中所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出正确选项,并涂在答题卡相应位置。
41. My cellphone, ________ I couldn’t contact my parents, was taken away by my teacher for the reason ________ I had used it in my English class.
A. which, why B. with which, that C. without which, why D. without which, that
42. To resolve the conflict between data and theory, a scientist often has to ________ and approach the problem from different angles.
A. bark up the wrong tree B. think outside the box
C. break new ground D. shun the spotlight
43. This letter is really ________ to me because it’s the last one that Pete ever wrote.
A. precise B. previous C. precious D. present
44. There were about 10,000 vehicles and 100,000 visitors coming our way ________ in the first three days since the Duku Highway opened again.
A. on a daily basis B. day in, day out C. by trial and error D. out of reach
45. Maybe all Americans realize that _______ will be the next president will face masses of problems.
A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who
46. ________, we must believe in ourselves and efforts must pay off one day.
A. However life is difficult B. However is life difficult
C. However difficult life is D. However difficult is life
47. Following his late father’s will, he gave up going abroad for further study to ________ all businesses as a chief executive officer.
A. turn over B. turn in C. take off D. take over
48. You can improve your ________ and memory if you scan the material first.
A. compassion B. compensation C. comprehension D. consumption
49. The goats which aren’t native to the park are spreading disease and multiplying rapidly. Now it might be the best time to reduce the animals before there are too many to ________.
A. put to an end B. set in motion C. bring under control D. bring to life
50. Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas ________ come.
A. tend to B. have yet to C. used to D. cease to
51. Though the pretty girl got what she had listed on the paper, she looked at the shop window with ________ eyes.
A. crucial B. fierce C. uncomplicated D. greedy
52. Only when ________ her the evidence ________ that she had stolen the money.
A. the police showed; did she admit B. did the police show; did she admit
C. did the police show; she admitted D. the police showed; she admitted
53. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
54. The wildlife reserve was set up to ________ endangered species from extinction.
A. obsess B. preserve C. boost D. estimate
55. He always did well at school ________ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A. in spite of B. in view of C. in case of D. regardless of
第II卷
第三节单句改错(共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分)
请你修改以下的每个句子，每句有1处语言错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在横线下面写出修改后的词。
注意：每处错误及其修改仅限一词。
56. Nobody can learn maths well if he works hard on it.
57. No sooner I entered the station than the last train left.
58. How long will it be since he is ready for his new job?
59. What the boy didn’t take medicine made his mother angry.
60. Time permitted, they would like to visit more scenic spots.
61. It is universally acknowledged that anything but peace can save the world.
62. I am very sorry to hear that you cannot fit in your roommates.
63. It was not until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply.
64. To our surprise, a child as Robin is, he can speak two foreign languages.
65. The working conditions are so poor; that’s because I don’t want to work there.
第四节 语篇填空(共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Like many people, Jessica Batchelor prefers to go to bed at 3 pm and wake up at noon. Jessica Batchelor is represented ____66____ an “extreme night owl”. She is one of the estimated 8.2% of the population ____67____ natural tendency is to fall asleep well after midnight. However, she struggles with feelings of guilt and shame. It is mistakenly assumed that sleeping little and rising early is in ____68____ (associate) with virtue. As ____69____ matter of fact, around eight hours of good-quality sleep ____70____ (be) essential for better health for almost everybody. Why do natural night owls exist? There is no single ____71____ (universal) accepted theory. Evolutionary biologists think that communities with more variation in chronotypes (作息类型) may have been more likely ____72____ (survive). Natural night owls are fundamentally different to insomniacs (失眠者). As a medical writer Jessica Batchelor puts ____73____, she is most ____74____ (product) at 11 pm. However, she can’t tell anyone _____75_____ she goes to sleep, wakes up, showers, or eats a meal, because natural night owls are not well understood.
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
76. 你校将以三月三日世界野生动植物日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 分析野生动植物的生存现状；
2. 保护野生动植物的重要性；
3. 提出保护野生动植物的倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文的首句已为你写好，不计入总词数。
March 3th was officially named as World Wildlife Day.
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【答案】1-5 CBCAC 6-10 BCABA 11-15 CBABB 16-20 CAACC
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了11月10日下午5点半，纽约到处一片漆黑，这是历史上最大的一次停电。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There were twelve of us. But no one was panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn’t let him. Firemen finally got us out. (我们有十二个人。但没有人惊慌失措。我们讲故事、玩文字游戏打发时间。有个人想抽烟，但我们不让。消防队员终于把我们救了出来)”可知，在整个漆黑时段，马丁·萨尔茨曼和其他11个人都很平静。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中““All of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted,” said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan. (“我们所有的冰淇淋和冷冻食品都化了，”曼哈顿市中心一家商店的经理说)”可知，停电期间，超市里的冷冻食品融化了。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一段“At 5:30 p. m, 10th November, it was dark everywhere in New York, which is the biggest power failure in the history. (11月10日下午5点半，纽约到处一片漆黑，这是历史上最大的一次停电)”以及最后一段中“The big electric clock in the lobby of the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started to tick again at 5:25 this morning. (位于曼哈顿市中心的华尔道夫酒店大堂里的大电钟在今天早上5点25分再次开始滴答作响)”可知，停电时间是从下午5点半到次日早上的5点25分。由此可知，停电持续了近12个小时。故选B项。
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自犹他州的一名男孩飞越美国，感谢他的英雄Tom Brady帮助他战胜脑癌。讲述了Noah Reeb抗癌的经过以及Brady带给他的影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Noah’s battle began in November 2020. During the nearly seven-month battle, James Reeb said they counted on their family, friends, their faith and his wife’s watchful care.(诺亚战役始于2020年11月。在将近七个月的战斗中，詹姆斯·里布说，他们依靠家人、朋友、信仰和妻子的悉心照料)”可知，Noah患脑癌不到一年。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“James Reeb said the video “picked Noah up” and every time he was feeling down, he would re-watch it “to help motivate him”.(James Reeb说，“让Noah振作起来”这段视频，每当他感到沮丧时，他就会重新看一遍，“帮助激励自己”)”可知，每当Noah感到沮丧时，他就会重新看一遍视频，这能激励他，可得出Noah感激Brady，因为Brady激励了他。故选C。
3. 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“James Reeb said the video “picked Noah up” and every time he was feeling down, he would re-watch it “to help motivate him(James Reeb说，“picked Noah up”这段视频，每当Noah感到沮丧时，他就会重新看一遍视频，“帮助激励自己”)”可知，可见这段视频可以让Noah高兴起来或振作起来。故画线词意思是“让Noah高兴起来或振作起来”。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Noah Reeb, who has been cancer-free since August, attended the Oct. 25 game with his family after a battle with cancer that included two brain surgeries, chemotherapy and radiation.(诺亚·里布自8月以来终于摆脱了癌症，因癌症进行了两次脑部手术、化疗和放疗后，他与家人一起参加了10月25日的比赛)”可知，Noah坚持对抗癌症，没有放弃，并且治疗期间一直很坚强，可推知，Noah有毅力且坚强。故选C。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了处于睡眠状态时，大脑会释放出脑脊液，它可以清理大脑产生的有害废弃蛋白质。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Just as our bodies produce waste every day — which is why we need to shower and use the toilet — our brains produce harmful waste proteins. But how can our brains “shower” themselves? (就像我们的身体每天都会产生废物一样——这就是为什么我们需要洗澡和上厕所——我们的大脑也会产生有害的废物蛋白质。但我们的大脑是如何“沐浴”自己的呢？)”可知，这篇文章的开头提到了身体的废物，是为了通过对比介绍文章的主题，即“大脑是如何清洁自己的”，故选C。
2. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF脑髓液), was found to increase dramatically during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between braincells in waking hours.(研究发现，大脑中有一种被称为脑脊液的液体，在睡眠时急剧增加，冲走了清醒时在脑细胞之间积累的废物蛋白质。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类大脑的自我清洁功能。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.(但仅仅是它们之间的联系就已经足够令人兴奋了，因为这让研究人员能够拼凑出对被误解的疾病可能的新解释。)”和倒数第二段“For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer’s often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.(例如，慢波睡眠已被证明在增强我们的记忆力方面发挥作用。这也许可以解释为什么老年痴呆症患者的慢脑波通常更少、更弱。基于这项新的研究，可能还有一种解释是：大脑不干净。)”可知，这项新研究的发现很重要，因为它们让我们对一些脑部疾病有了新的认识，故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据第五段的“They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and “clean”. This cycle coincided (巧合) with the rhythm of the brains slow waves — an electrical activity that happens when we’ re in deep sleep.(他们发现，每隔20秒，血液就会流出大脑，为大量脑脊液腾出空间来“清洁”。这个周期与大脑慢波的节奏相吻合——这是一种发生在我们深度睡眠时的电活动。)”可知，缓慢脑电波和大脑清洁的发生频率相同。故选D。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当下一种流行的旅行方式——慢旅行：它可以帮助人们真正探索地方。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“So, when the chance arises, we tend to squeeze as many sights into the trip as we can — four cities in seven days, “must-see’s” in Tokyo, famous landmarks in Europe. It’s as if the faster we’re checking things off our list, the more we are experiencing.”（所以，当机会来临时，我们往往会在行程中尽可能多地游览景点——7天内游览4个城市，东京的“必看景点”，欧洲的著名地标。就好像我们越快地完成任务，我们经历的就越多。）可知，当人们有机会去某个地方时，他们通常会迫不及待地想去尽可能多的地方。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Instead, it focuses on “depicting the real experience of traveling by showing the processes of finding a place to stay or grabbing a taxi”, according to The Korea Times.”（据《韩国时报》报道，它专注于“通过展示找地方住或打车的过程，来描述旅行的真实体验”。）可知，从这个节目中，我们可以得知，节目关注的是旅行中的感受，比如兴奋。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s true that we all want to go “somewhere”. But as the travel blog Cheese Web says, “As long as you keep an open mind, you’ll see that everywhere is ‘somewhere’.”（的确，我们都想去“某个地方”。但正如旅行博客Cheese Web所说：“只要你保持开放的心态，你会发现任何地方都是‘某个地方’。”）故可推知，作者对当前冒险旅行者的旅行趋势持支持的态度。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第五段“Slow travel isn’t about getting somewhere as quickly as possible, but about simply being excited as you’re getting there — or not getting there at all.”（慢旅行不是指以最快的速度到达某个地方，而是指当你到达那里时感到兴奋——或者根本就没有到达那里。）和最后一段“Travel is just like life,” said Ryu in the show. “There is little fun in it if everything is predictable.” It’s true that we all want to go “somewhere”. But as the travel blog Cheese Web says, “As long as you keep an open mind, you’ll see that everywhere is ‘somewhere’.”（柳贤振说：“旅行就像生活一样。“如果一切都是可预测的，那就没有什么乐趣了。”的确，我们都想去“某个地方”。但正如旅行博客Cheese Web所说：“只要你保持开放的心态，你会发现任何地方都是‘某个地方’。”）可知，文章主要讲的是慢旅行可以更好的让人们体验旅行中的快乐，带给人们更好的体验。故文章最好的标题为“慢旅行：帮助人们真正探索地方”。故选D项。
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. C 19. B 20. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种叫“phubbing”的现象，并就如何避免这一现象提出一些建议。
1. 根据上文“Having your cellphone with you is necessary, because you need to deal with possible emergencies.(随身携带手机是必要的，因为你需要处理可能出现的紧急情况。)”可知，携带手机是必须的；而空后“Here are some suggestions. (这里有一些建议。)”则是引出下文说明如何避免那样无视朋友的行为。说明空处应呈上说明虽然带手机有必要，但是我们不应该有那样的行为。G选项“However, it’s also important to have proper manners on a social occasion.(然而，在社交场合保持得体的举止也很重要。)”承上启下，符合上下文内容。故选G。
2. 根据段首句“Put your cellphone on silent when you are with friends. (和朋友在一起的时候，把手机调成静音。)”可知，本段主要建议和朋友一起时，手机调成静音状态。F选项“This makes you stay entirely focused on the face-to- face interactions.(这会让你完全专注于面对面的交流。)”延续上文内容，说明了手机静音后可以更专注的聊天。故选F。
3. 根据段首句“Be considerate (体贴)”可知，本段是建议读者要体贴他人。空前“You don’t want to feel like someone who isn’t physically there is more important than you, and neither do others. (你不希望觉得某个不在你身边的人比你更重要，其他人也一样。)”指的是你不希望的事情，联系本段主要内容，可知，己所不欲勿施于人，所以空处指的应该是自己不希望的事情也不要对别人做。C选项“Therefore, treat others as you prefer to be treated.(因此，你希望别人怎样对待你，你就怎样对待别人。)”与上文内容一致。故选C。
4. 空处为段首句，为本段中心句。下文“This allows you to better digest your food. Also, engaging in face-to-face conversations with your loved ones will make the dining experience a lot more pleasant.(这能让你更好地消化食物。此外，与你爱的人面对面交谈会让用餐体验更愉快。)”指的是吃饭的时候不要玩手机，专心用餐。B选项“Put your cellphone aside while eating.(吃饭时把手机放在一边。)”符合本段内容。故选B。
20. 根据下文“You’re invited because they want you to witness the precious moment in their lives, so respect them by being present physically, mentally, and emotionally.(他们邀请你是因为他们想让你见证他们生命中宝贵的时刻，所以在身体上、精神上和情感上都要尊重他们。)”可知，空处要提到“they”，也就是新娘和新郎。E选项“Make sure you give your undivided attention to the bride and groom.(确保你全心全意地关注新娘和新郎。)”与下文内容一致，“the bride and groom”与下文的“they”一致。故选E。
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Staton最近发现他被哈佛大学法学院，以及哥伦比亚大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、南加州大学和佩珀代因大学的法学院录取了。对Staton来说，前途无量，但并非一直如此。在追随自己的梦想申请法学院之前，他曾在马里兰州做过环卫工人，是通过自己的努力和他人的帮助，他才有了今天。
1. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：对Staton来说，前途无量，但并非一直如此。A. since自从，因为；B. but但是；C. for因为；D. or或者。根据上文“the sky’s the limit”和下文“it wasn’t always that way”可知，此处为转折，意为对Staton来说，前途无量，但并非一直如此。故选B项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在追随自己的梦想申请法学院之前，他曾在马里兰州做过环卫工人。A. making做；B. following跟随，追随；C. remembering记得；D. forgetting忘记。由全文语境可知，文章讲Staton的奋斗追梦历程，此处为following his dreams追随自己的梦想，满足句意要求。故选B项。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：24岁的Staton是由一个单身父亲抚养长大的，父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。A. count on指望，依靠；B. feed on以……为食，以……为能源；C. provide for供养；D. provide with提供。由上文“a single father who worked hard”和常识可知，此处为父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。provide for sb.“供养某人”。故选C项。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Staton说，成长是艰难的，他曾经在学校里挣扎。A. simple简单的；B. tough艰难的；C. smooth顺利的；D. sharp尖锐的，锋利的。根据下文“and he used to struggle in school”在学校里挣扎，可知，此处为成长是艰难的，他曾经在学校里挣扎。故选B项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。A. persuaded劝说；B. claimed声称；C. acknowledged获得；D. suggested建议。根据上文他曾经在学校里挣扎，可知，此处为一位老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。故选D项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在一位导师的帮助下，他做到了，这位导师为Staton提供免费辅导。A. made做，成功；B. got得到；C. repeated重复；D. helped帮助。根据上文“with the help of a tutor”可知，此处为在一位导师的帮助下，他做到了，make it意为“成功”。故选A项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Staton是一名高中运动员，专注于武术和拳击。A. coach教练；B. singer歌手；C. athlete运动员；D. teacher老师。根据下文“focusing on martial arts and boxing”专注于武术和拳击，可知，此处为Staton是一名高中运动员。故选C项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在受伤后，Staton说他上大学的选择越来越少。A. preferences偏爱；B. changes机会；C. advantages优点；D. options选择。根据上文“After suffering an injury”和下文“It ruined the chances of me” “So, that’s to say, when applying to college, I got denied by every single one”可知，受伤毁了Staton，他的体育能力肯定不如以前，当申请大学时，每一个大学都拒绝了他，所以Staton说他上大学的选择越来越少。故选D项。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这毁了我成为职业运动员的机会。A. professional职业的；B. personal个人的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. active活跃的。根据上文受伤可知，Staton失去了成为职业运动员的机会。故选A项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Staton没有继续接受高等教育，而是开始在贝茨运输和垃圾清除公司工作，他说这以他从未想象过的方式改变了他的生活。A. education教育；B. career事业；C. position位置；D. salary薪水。根据下文“Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal”可知，Staton开始在贝茨运输和垃圾清除公司工作，故可推知，Staton没有继续接受高等教育。故选A项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Staton没有继续接受高等教育，而是开始在贝茨运输和垃圾清除公司工作，他说这以他从未想象过的方式改变了他的生活。A. wanted想要；B. needed需要；C. promised承诺；D. imagined想象。根据上文“Staton被多所大学录取”和上文“Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal, which he said changed his life in ways”和下文“同事们的帮助”可知，当时做清洁工的Staton没想到自己在这种处境下还能逆风翻盘，这是他无法想象的，呼应下文“What I didn’t expect to(我没有想到的是)”。故选D项。
12. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说他想在那里工作，因为他可以做点什么来帮助他父亲支付抵押贷款。A. though尽管；B. because因为；C. while然而，当……时候；D. unless除非。根据上文“He said he wanted to work”以及下文“he could do to help his dad pay for the mortgage”可知，上下文为因果关系。故选B项。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没想到的是，和我一起工作的大多数人以前都被关过牢里……。A. present呈现；B. happen发生；C. prepare准备；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“most of the people I worked with were formerly incarcerated”可知，同事大多坐过牢，Staton没有想到的事情发生了。故选B项。
14. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：所以，我惊讶地发现，他们是多么地鼓舞我，并且真的希望我能有所作为。A. in在里面；B. for为了；C. by通过；D. on 在上面。catch by surprise“出其不意”为固定短语，满足句意要求。故选C项。
15. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：所以，我惊讶地发现，他们是多么地鼓舞我，并且真的希望我能有所作为。A. something想来重要（或值得注意）的事物；B. nothing什么都没有；C. someone某人；D. nobody没人。根据上文“how much they uplifted me”是多么地鼓舞我，可知，同事真的希望Staton能有所作为，做出重要的事情。故选A项。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：是那些在等级制度底层的人真正提升了我。A. bottom底部；B. middle中间；C. centre中心；D. top顶部。由上文提到和Staton一起工作的大多数人以前都被关过牢里，可知，此处为是那些在等级制度底层的人真正提升了Staton。故选A项。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2014年，他的同事鼓励他申请鲍伊州立大学，2016年，他转到了马里兰大学。A. classmates同学；B. coworkers同事；C. tutors导师；D. professors教授。根据上文那些在等级制度底层的人（他的同事）真正提升了Staton，可知，此处为他的同事鼓励他申请鲍伊州立大学。故选B项。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Staton说：“在我开始在那里做得很好之后，我就知道我想去做律师。A. practice实践，从业；B. obey服从；C. violate违背；D. issue发表，颁布。根据前文提到他被哈佛大学法学院，可知，此处为Staton想去做律师。故选A项。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他参加了法学院入学考试(LSAT)，申请了9所学校——被5所学校录取，并在另外4所学校等待录取。A. received接受；B. denied否认；C. admitted录取；D. reserved保留。根据上文“Rehn Staton recently found he was accepted by Harvard Law School — as well as to law schools at Columbia, UPenn, USC and Pepperdine. ”可推知，Staton被5所学校录取。故选C项。
20. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，Staton决定进入哈佛法学院——他永远不会忘记所有帮助他进入法学院的人。A. Additionally另外；B. However然而；C. Eventually最终；D. Instead而不是，代替。根据前文所说他被5所学校录取，以及下文“decided to commit to Harvard Law School”决定进入哈佛法学院，可知，此处为Staton最终的决定。故选C项。
41.D
考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：我的手机，没有它我无法联系我的父母，被我的老师拿走了，原因是我在我的英语课上使用它。第一个空考查定语从句，先行词为My cellphone，根据句意“没有它，我不能联系我的父母”，用without which引导非限定性定语从句；第二个空考查同位语从句，解释说明名词the reason，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用that引导。故选D。
42. B
考查习语。句意：为了解决数据和理论之间的冲突，科学家往往必须跳出固有思维模式，从不同的角度处理问题。A. bark up the wrong tree认错目标；错怪了人；花错精力；B. think outside the box想出别出心裁的点子；C. break new ground开垦处女地，开辟新天地；D. shun the spotlight避开聚光灯。根据“and approach the problem from different angles.”可知，科学家必须跳出固有思维模式，从不同的角度处理问题。故选B。
43. C
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这封信对我来说很珍贵，因为这是皮特写的最后一封信。A. precise精确的；B. previous先前的；C. precious珍贵的；D. present现在的。由“it’s the last one that Pete ever wrote”可知，这是皮特写的最后一封信，因此很珍贵，故选C。
44. A
考查介词短语辨析。句意：在杜库高速公路重新开放的前三天，每天约有1万辆汽车和10万名游客来到这里。A. on a daily basis在日常生活中，每天；B. day in, day out日复一日；C. by trial and error反复试验；D. out of reach遥不可及。由句意可知，此处为介词短语on a daily basis“在日常生活中，每天”，满足句意要求。故选A项。
45. B
考查主语从句。句意：或许所有美国人都应该意识到无论谁作为下一届总统都会面临大量问题。A. who指代人；B. whoever无论谁；C. whomever无论谁（作宾语）；D. no matter who无论谁。分析句子可知，此处是主语从句连接词，从句缺少主语，且意为“无论谁”，应用whoever引导，故选B项。
46. C
考查让步状语从句。句意：无论生活多么困难，我们必须相信自己，努力总有一天会有回报的。分析句子可知，该句为However引导的让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……、无论如何……”，结构为however+形容词+主语+系动词。故选C项。
47. D
考查动词短语辨析。句意：按照已故父亲的遗愿，他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业。A. turn over把……翻过来；B. turn in交上；C. take off起飞；D. take over接管。由“he gave up going abroad for further study”和“all businesses as a chief executive officer”可知，句子表示“他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业”，空格处意为“接管”，故选D。
48. C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你先浏览材料，就能改善你理解力和记忆力。A. compassion同情、怜悯；B. compensation补偿；C. comprehension理解、理解力；D. consumption消费。由题意可知若能先浏览材料，方可改善理解力和记忆力，故选C项。
49. C
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些非公园本地的山羊正在传播疾病，并迅速繁殖。现在可能是减少动物数量的最佳时机，以免数量过多而无法控制。A. put to an end结束；B. set in motion开始，启动；C. bring under control制服，将……置于控制之下；D. bring to life使苏醒。根据句意及空前的“too many”可知，此处指数量过多而难以控制，故选C项。
50. B
考查动词短语辨析。句意：专家们一致认为，需要创新的农业实践来支持农民和消费者以可承受的成本获得更多食物的需求，但最好的想法尚未出现。A. tend to倾向于；B. have yet to还没有；C. used to用于，过去经常；D. cease to停止。由句意以及but转折可知，此处为have yet to come“尚未出现”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然那个漂亮的女孩得到了她在单子上所列的东西，但她还是贪婪地看着商店的橱窗。A. crucial关键的；B. fierce强烈的；C. uncomplicated不复杂的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据“Though the pretty girl got what she had listed on the paper,”可知，女孩用贪婪的眼睛看着橱窗。故选D。
52. A
考查倒装句。句意：直到警察给她看了证据，她才承认她偷了钱。分析句子可知，该句为only位于句首时，后面接状语或状语从句，主句需要部分倒装。其中，在状语从句中无需倒装。主句部分倒装中，把助动词did置于主语之前，谓语动词admit放主语之后。故选A项。
53. B
考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管因特网很有帮助，但我并不认为在网上花太多时间是一个好主意。根据句意可知上下文表示转折关系，句中while相当于although/though。故B项正确。
【点睛】本句考查了while引导主语从句的用法，当while用作连词时，有以下几种含义：
1、意为“当……时候，和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。例如：
While I was watching TV, the bell rang.我看电视时，铃响了。）
Tom watched TV while she ate her supper.（汤姆边吃晚饭边看电视。）
2、意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。例如：
While it was late, he went on working.（虽然很晚了，但他还在继续工作。）
While he is in poor health, he works hard.（虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。）
3、连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。例如：
He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.（他出去散步了，而我却呆在家里。）
I like singing while she likes dancing.（我喜欢唱歌，而她喜欢跳舞。）
You like sports, while I prefer music.（你喜欢体育，而我更喜欢音乐。）
54. B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：建立野生动物保护区是为了保护濒临灭绝的物种。A. obsess着迷；B. preserve保护；C. boost提高；D. estimate估计。根据“The wildlife reserve was set up”可知，野生动物保护区建立的目的是为了保护濒临灭绝的物种。故选B。
55. A
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管他不得不时不时地做些兼职工作，但他在学校的表现一直很好。A. in spite of尽管；B. in view of考虑到；C. in case of以防；D. regardless of不管。根据前后句可知，尽管他做一些兼职工作，但他在学校的表现一直很好，表让步，用in spite of。故选A。
【答案】56. if→unless 57. 在I前加had 58. since→before 59. What→That 60. permitted→permitting 61. anything→nothing 62. 在your前加with 63. 在later后加that 64. 去掉a 65. because→why
【解析】
1. 考查条件状语从句。句意：没有人能学好数学，除非他努力学习。根据“Nobody can learn maths well”和“he works hard on it”可知，句子表示“没有人能学好数学，除非他努力学习”，“除非”是unless，引导条件状语从句，故将if改为unless。
2. 考查时态和固定句型。句意：我一进车站，最后一列火车就开走了。No sooner had sb. done...than...是固定句型，意为“某人一……就……”，故在I前加had。
3. 考查时间状语从句。句意：他还要多久才能准备好接受他的新工作？根据“he is ready for his new job”可知，句子表示“他还要多久才能准备好接受他的新工作”，“过多久才……”是固定句型it will be+时间段+before...，before引导时间状语从句，因此正确的句子是“How long will it be before he is ready for his new job”，故将since改为before。
4. 考查主语从句。句意：那个男孩不吃药使他妈妈很生气。“the boy didn’t take medicine”是主语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导主语从句，故将What改为That。
5. 考查现在分词和独立主格结构。句意：如果时间允许，他们想参观更多的景点。“Time permitted”是独立主格结构，time和permit之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词permitting表主动，故将permitted改为permitting。
6. 考查不定代词。句意：全世界都知道只有和平才能拯救世界。“nothing but”是固定短语，意为“只有”，故将anything改为nothing。
7. 考查固定短语。句意：听说你和室友合不来，我很难过。fit in with sb.是固定短语，意为“与某人相处融洽”。故在your前加with。
8. 考查强调句。句意：直到将近一个月后，我才收到经理的回信。分析句意和“It was not until”可知，句子是“直到……才……”的强调句，是固定句型it was not until...that...，“nearly a month later”是时间，故在later后加that。
9. 考查冠词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，虽然罗宾是个孩子，他却能说两门外语。“a child as Robin is”是as引导的让步状语从句，是表语提前的倒装，当提前的表语是单数名词时需省略冠词，故去掉a。
10. 考查表语从句。句意：工作条件很差；这就是我不想在那里工作的原因。根据“The working conditions are so poor”可知，句子表示“工作条件很差；这就是我不想在那里工作的原因”，“I don’t want to work there”是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，缺少“……的原因”的意思，因此用why引导表语从句，故将because改为why。
【答案】66. as 67. whose 68. association 69. a 70. is 71. universally 72. to survive 73. it 74. productive 75. when
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了杰西卡·巴切勒是一个“极端夜猫子”。据估计，有8.2%的人在午夜过后自然倾向于睡得很好，她就是其中之一。
1. 考查介词。句意：杰西卡·巴切勒就是一个“极端夜猫子”。由be represented as“被表示为……”为固定短语，可知，此处为介词as的填入。故填as。
2. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：据估计，有8.2%的人在午夜过后自然倾向于睡得很好，她就是其中之一。分析句子可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词8.2% of the population在从句中作natural tendency的定语成分，用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3. 考查名词。句意：人们错误地认为少睡早起与美德有关。in association with“与……相联系；与……联合”为固定短语，用名词association。故填association。
4. 考查冠词。句意：事实上，8小时左右的高质量睡眠几乎对每个人的健康都至关重要。As a matter of fact“事实上”为固定短语，用不定冠词a。故填a。
5. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：事实上，8小时左右的高质量睡眠几乎对每个人的健康都至关重要。主语eight hours of good-quality sleep为单数名词意义，故谓语动词为单数形式，结合句子为客观事实，时态为一般现在时。故填is。
6. 考查副词。句意：没有一个被普遍接受的理论。由副词universally作状语，修饰形容词accepted。故填universally。
7. 考查动词不定式。句意：进化生物学家认为，作息类型变异较多的群落可能更容易生存。be likely to do“可能做某事”为固定短语，survive用动词不定式形式。故填to survive。
8. 考查代词。句意：正如医学作家杰西卡•巴切勒(Jessica Batchelor)所说，晚上11点是她工作效率最高的时候。固定用法as sb. put it为“正如某人所说的那样”，用代词it。故填it。
9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：正如医学作家杰西卡•巴切勒(Jessica Batchelor)所说，晚上11点是她工作效率最高的时候。由空前most可知，此处为形容词最高级most productive作表语。故填productive。
10. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：然而，她不能告诉任何人她什么时候睡觉，什么时候起床，什么时候洗澡，什么时候吃饭，因为人们不太了解天生的夜猫子。由句意可知，此处为连词when引导的宾语从句，在从句中作时间状语成分，意为“什么时候”，满足句意要求。故填when。
【答案】March 3th was officially named as World Wildlife Day. With global warming worsening, more and more wildlife is on the edge of extinction.
As is known to all, the more biodiversity there is in an ecosystem, the more successful and healthy it is. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one species can do damage to the delicate ecosystem, influencing the survival of human beings, so it’s high time we made concerted efforts to protect their habitats and establish nature reserves. The corresponding endangered species laws are to be made and awareness of protecting wildlife is to be raised.
Now I call on every one of us to do our share to make a positive change.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“三月三日世界野生动植物日”为主题举办的英语征文比赛，写一篇短文投稿。
1. 词汇积累
影响：influence → affect
提高：raise → enhance
呼吁：call on → appeal to
积极的：positive → active
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With global warming worsening, more and more wildlife is on the edge of extinction.
拓展句：As global warming is worsening, more and more wildlife is on the edge of extinction.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】As is known to all, the more biodiversity there is in an ecosystem, the more successful and healthy it is. (运用了the more…the more“越……就越……”的固定句型)
【高分句型2】Destroying one species can do damage to the delicate ecosystem, influencing the survival of human beings. (运用了动名词作主语和现在分词作伴随状语)
哈三中2021-2022学年度下学期
高二学年期末考试英语试卷
(时间:120分钟满分150分)
第I卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题下上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给出的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What docs the man mean?
A. The film was interesting on the whole.
B. He had never seen such a terrible film.
C. The film wasn’t as good as he had expected.
2. What color paper does the girl want?
A. Red. B. Pink. C. Blue.
3. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Mother and son. B. Sister and brother. C. Teacher and student.
4. How will the woman go home?
A. Somebody will drive her home.
B. Her father will pick her up.
C. She will go back home on foot.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. The government. B. Their payment. C. A strike.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What docs the woman suggest the man do?
A. Take some medicine. B. Call a doctor. C. Go back home and have a rest.
7. What will the man do next week?
A. Have a business trip. B. Go back to Germany. C. Give the woman a call.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the man think of his camera?
A. Easy to use. B. Cheap. C. Good in quality.
9. Where did the man buy the camera?
A. In America. B. In China. C. In Japan.
10. Why does the woman want to buy a Japanese camera?
A. Her husband likes it. B. It is easy to use. C. She likes it very much.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the woman?
A. A reporter. B. A teacher. C. A farm owner.
12. What are many children interested in?
A. Feeding cattle. B. Collecting eggs. C. Seeing farmyard animals.
13. What does the woman think is important to animals?
A. Freedom. B. Peace. C. Food.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. How will the woman get to the man’s house?
A. By car. B. By underground. C. By bike.
15. What does the man ask the woman to do after going past the park?
A. Turn right before she gets to the bridge.
B. Turn left before she gets to the bridge.
C. Go across the bridge in front of her.
16. Where is the man’s house?
A. Opposite a big supermarket.
B. In the middle of Garden Road.
C. On the right side of Garden Road.
17. When will the woman get to the man’s house?
A. On Saturday afternoon.
B. On Sunday morning.
C. On Sunday afternoon.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What do we know about high school or college students?
A. They act in plays for fun.
B. They can earn their living by acting.
C. They take part in Hollywood plays.
19. When do amateurs put on plays?
A. In the mornings. B. In the afternoons. C. In the evenings or at weekends.
20. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. Putting on a play is boring.
B. Amateurs are paid for their work.
C. There are theatre groups for amateurs in many cities.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
At 5:30 p. m, 10th November, it was dark everywhere in New York, which is the biggest power failure in the history.
•Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building. “There were twelve of us. But no one was panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn’t let him. Firemen finally got us out.”
•“It was the best night we’ve ever had,” said Angola Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd street, “and the place was full all night, in fact.” She added “We had lots of candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays. After we had closed, we let the people stay on and spend the night here.”
•The zoos had their problems like everyone else. Keepers worked through the night. They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm. While zoos had problems keeping warm, supermarkets had problems keeping cool. “All of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted,” said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan. “They were worth $ 50,000.”
•The big electric clock in the lobby of the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started to tick again at 5:25 this morning. It was almost on time.
1. Throughout the period of darkness, Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were ________.
A. upset B. anxious C. frightened D. calm
2. During the power failure ________.
A. the frozen food in the supermarket melted
B. the business of the restaurant was no better than usual
C. nobody stayed the night in Angola Carraro’s restaurant
D. keepers in the zoos found it easy to keep animals warm
3. How long did the power failure last?
A. More than 12 hours. B. Nearly 12 hours. C. More than 24 hours. D. Nearly 24 hours.
A boy from Utah flew across the country to thank his hero, Tom Brady, for helping him beat brain cancer.
Noah Reeb, who has been cancer-free since August, attended the Oct. 25 game with his family after a battle with cancer that included two brain surgeries, chemotherapy and radiation. Throughout the game, Reeb held a homemade sign that read: “Tom Brady helped me beat brain cancer.”
Noah Reeb said that he broke down in tears and that it was a blessing to even attend the game. “The fact that I was even there made me want to cry... I was so happy,” he said. “It was his first live NFL game since beating germinoma, a germ cell tumor that’s commonly found in the brain,” Noah’s dad, James Reeb, said.
Noah’s battle began in November 2020. During the nearly seven-month battle, James Reeb said they counted on their family, friends, their faith and his wife’s watchful care. However, they also had football, he said. “It was where he (Noah) would go physically and mentally to get away from the treatments, the injections, the pain and anxiety,” James Reeb said.” And the thought of Tom Brady playing live was huge for him. It was what motivated him when he was hurting or down or suffering.”
It was Noah Reeb’s dream to meet and throw a football with the Super Bowl champion who had sent him a short video of encouragement in the early days of his battle. In the short clip, Brady reassured Noah that he had a family that supports him and that he was going to be OK. James Reeb said the video “picked Noah up” and every time he was feeling down, he would re-watch it “to help motivate him”.
“I’d like to tell him, thank you for sending me videos. It’s just such a blessing,” the boy, whose dream is to play in the NFL, said.
4. What can we learn about Noah and his cancer?
A. He had suffered from brain cancer for less than one year.
B. He watched his first live NFL during the battle against cancer.
C. His cancer was cured thanks to NFL’s financial assistance.
D. His cancer was not as severe as his family members thought.
5. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The letter from Brady helped Noah a lot.
B. Noah came across Brady at a NFL game.
C. Noah felt grateful to Brady, who inspired him.
D. Noah wanted to cry during the NFL game due to pain.
6. What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Put Noah up. B. Woke Noah up. C. Brought Noah up. D. Cheered Noah up.
7. Which of the following words can best describe Noah?
A. Sensitive and energetic. B. Righteous and positive.
C. Persistent and strong. D. Fearless and loyal.
Just as our bodies produce waste every day — which is why we need to shower and use the toilet — our brains produce harmful waste proteins. But how can our brains “shower” themselves?
A 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University of Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF脑髓液), was found to increase dramatically during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between braincells in waking hours.
“This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake,” Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can’t think clearly after a sleepless night while a good night’s sleep leaves us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, published on October 31 in Science, digs a little deeper into our brains’ self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping, using accelerated FMRI, which is capable of recording faster changes inside the brain than a regular FMRI machine. They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and “clean”. This cycle coincided (巧合) with the rhythm of the brains slow waves — an electrical activity that happens when we’re in deep sleep.
It’s still unknown how these brain activities are connected. But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.
For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer’s often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.
Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. “Maybe the most important take-home message is that sleep is a serious thing,” she told Scientific American. “You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity to a practical housekeeping ‘function’.”
8. The body waste is mentioned at the beginning of the passage to________.
A. show the similarity between body and brain
B. explain the main components of brain waste
C. introduce the topic of passage through comparison
D. remind us of the necessity of regular body cleaning
9. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The self-cleaning function of human brains.
B. The importance of sleep at night for humans.
C. The cause and possible cures of diseased human brains.
D. The different states of human brains at daytime and night.
10. The findings of the new study are important because they ________.
A. are based on more advanced technology
B. give us new insight into some brain diseases
C. confirm the connection between brain activities
D. reveal the process of brains cleaning themselves
11. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Slow brainwaves are caused by the brain cleaning process.
B. The diseased brains break down for not cleaning themselves.
C. Sleep is the most important factor for improving our memory.
D. Slow brainwaves and brain cleaning occur with identical frequency.
We all want to go somewhere — somewhere that has been on our bucket list for ages. So, when the chance arises, we tend to squeeze as many sights into the trip as we can — four cities in seven days, “must-see’s” in Tokyo, famous landmarks in Europe. It’s as if the faster we’re checking things off our list, the more we are experiencing.
However, when it comes to travel, it’s probably not quantity that counts but quality. Traveler, the South Korean reality show, can perhaps give us some idea of what travel is like at its best.
Like many travel-themed shows, Traveler features two celebrities — Ryu Jun-yeol, 33, and Lee Je-hoon, 35. But unlike other cookie-cutter (千篇一律的) travel shows, Traveler’s travelers don’t have a mission and there isn’t a competition for them to win. Instead, it focuses on “depicting the real experience of traveling by showing the processes of finding a place to stay or grabbing a taxi”, according to The Korea Times. In other words, Ryu and Lee are given total freedom to explore, for example, Cuba, the central American country, without any interference or help from a production team.
This is actually the philosophy of what’s called “slow travel” — which is currently trending among the world’s more adventurous journeyers.
Slow travel isn’t about getting somewhere as quickly as possible, but about simply being excited as you’re getting there — or not getting there at all.
You may try to wander off the main road and take a back street instead. You may ignore the guidebook’s recommendation and ask local people where they prefer to cat and hang out. And you’ll be surprised by what a place has to offer when you’re not busy rushing around and checking things off your bucket list.
“Travel is just like life,” said Ryu in the show. “There is little fun in it if everything is predictable.” It’s true that we all want to go “somewhere”. But as the travel blog Cheese Web says, “As long as you keep an open mind, you’ll see that everywhere is ‘somewhere’.”
12. What do people usually do when they have the chance to go somewhere?
A. People can’t wait to go to as many places as they can.
B. People like to travel to somewhere but they have no time.
C. People often go sightseeing without any purposes and plans.
D. People pay attention to their travel quality rather than quantity.
13. From the show, Traveler, we know that ______.
A. both the travelers in the show are not famous
B. travelers in Traveler have certain assignments and competitions
C. travelers in Traveler have the freedom to explore with some interference
D. travel in the show focuses on feelings during traveling. such as being excited
14. What’s the attitude of the author towards the current travel trend among adventurous journeyers?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Critical. D. Indifferent.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Travel: Becoming Part of Life
B. Slow Travel: Featuring More Sightseeing
C. Quality Travel: Attracting Tourists from Abroad
D. Slow Travel: Helping People Truly Explore Places
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cellphones and Friends
Have you ever spent time with friends who ignored you because they were busy on their cellphones? Do you ever feel that your friends are distracted by their cellphones to the point of not hearing what you say in person? Or are you the one who pays more attention to a text conversation than a face-to-face interaction? The act of chatting on cellphones and ignoring friends is now called “phubbing”. Having your cellphone with you is necessary, because you need to deal with possible emergencies. ____16____ Here are some suggestions.
Put your cellphone on silent when you are with friends. ____17____ If you’re worried about missing an important message, you can set your cellphone to vibrate mode and check it momentarily before giving the person you are with your full attention.
Be considerate. Isn’t it annoying if your close friend constantly checks the cellphone and ignores your heartfelt words? You don’t want to feel like someone who isn’t physically there is more important than you, and neither do others. ____18____
____19____ This allows you to better digest your food. Also, engaging in face-to-face conversations with your loved ones will make the dining experience a lot more pleasant.
Don’t use your cellphone at a wedding. ____20____ You’ re invited because they want you to witness the precious moment in their lives, so respect them by being present physically, mentally, and emotionally.
A. Speak slowly and clearly.
B. Put your cellphone aside while eating.
C. Therefore, treat others as you prefer to be treated.
D. After all, you never know when there might be an emergency.
E. Make sure you give your undivided attention to the bride and groom.
F. This makes you stay entirely focused on the face-to- face interactions.
G. However, it’s also important to have proper manners on a social occasion.
第三部分英语知识运用(共四节，满分55分)
第一节:完型填空(共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Rehn Staton recently found he was accepted by Harvard Law School — as well as to law schools at Columbia, UPenn, USC and Pepperdine. For Staton, the sky’s the limit, ____21____ it wasn’t always that way. He once worked as a sanitation worker (环卫工人) in Maryland before ____22____ his dreams and applying for law school.
Staton, 24, was raised by a single father who worked hard to ____23____ him and his brother. Staton said growing up was ____24____ and he used to struggle in school. One teacher even ____25____ he switch to a special education class. But with the help of a tutor, who worked with Staton for free, he ____26____ it.
Staton was a high school ____27____, focusing on martial arts and boxing. After suffering an injury, Staton said his ____28____ for college became fewer. “It ruined the chances of me turning ____29____ in sports. So, that’s to say, when applying to college, I got denied by every single one,” he said.
Instead of pursuing higher _____30_____, Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal, which he said changed his life in ways he never _____31_____. He said he wanted to work there _____32_____ there was something he could do to help his dad pay for the mortgage (按揭贷款). “What I didn’t expect to _____33_____ was, most of the people I worked with were formerly incarcerated (监禁)… So, it caught me _____34_____ surprise how much they uplifted me and really wanted me to make _____35_____ of myself. It was the people that were on the _____36_____ of the hierarchy (等级) who really lifted me up,” he said.
His _____37_____ encouraged him to apply to Bowie State University in 2014, and in 2016, he transferred to the University of Maryland. “After I started doing well there, I just knew I wanted to go and _____38_____ law,” Staton said. He took the LSAT and applied to nine schools — getting _____39_____ to five and wait listed at the other four. _____40_____, Staton decided to commit to Harvard Law School — and he’ll never forget all the people who helped him get there.
21. A. since B. but C. for D. or
22. A. making B. following C. remembering D. forgetting
23. A. count on B. feed on C. provide for D. provide with
24. A. simple B. tough C. smooth D. sharp
25. A. persuaded B. claimed C. acknowledged D. suggested
26. A. made B. got C. repeated D. helped
27. A. coach B. singer C. athlete. D. teacher
28. A. preferences B. changes C. advantages D. options
29. A. professional B. personal C. hopeful D. active
30. A. education B. career C. position D. salary
31. A. wanted B. needed C. promised D. imagined
32. A. though B. because C. while D. unless
33. A. present B. happen C. prepare D. ignore
34. A. in B. for C. by D. on
35. A. something B. nothing C. someone D. nobody
36. A. bottom B. middle C. centre D. top
37. A. classmates B. coworkers C. tutors D. professors
38. A. practice B. obey C. violate D. issue
39. A. received B. denied C. admitted D. reserved
40. A. Additionally B. However C. Eventually D. Instead
第二节 单项选择(共15小题,每小题1分;满分15分)
从下列各题中所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出正确选项,并涂在答题卡相应位置。
41. My cellphone, ________ I couldn’t contact my parents, was taken away by my teacher for the reason ________ I had used it in my English class.
A. which, why B. with which, that C. without which, why D. without which, that
42. To resolve the conflict between data and theory, a scientist often has to ________ and approach the problem from different angles.
A. bark up the wrong tree B. think outside the box
C. break new ground D. shun the spotlight
43. This letter is really ________ to me because it’s the last one that Pete ever wrote.
A. precise B. previous C. precious D. present
44. There were about 10,000 vehicles and 100,000 visitors coming our way ________ in the first three days since the Duku Highway opened again.
A. on a daily basis B. day in, day out C. by trial and error D. out of reach
45. Maybe all Americans realize that _______ will be the next president will face masses of problems.
A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who
46. ________, we must believe in ourselves and efforts must pay off one day.
A. However life is difficult B. However is life difficult
C. However difficult life is D. However difficult is life
47. Following his late father’s will, he gave up going abroad for further study to ________ all businesses as a chief executive officer.
A. turn over B. turn in C. take off D. take over
48. You can improve your ________ and memory if you scan the material first.
A. compassion B. compensation C. comprehension D. consumption
49. The goats which aren’t native to the park are spreading disease and multiplying rapidly. Now it might be the best time to reduce the animals before there are too many to ________.
A. put to an end B. set in motion C. bring under control D. bring to life
50. Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas ________ come.
A. tend to B. have yet to C. used to D. cease to
51. Though the pretty girl got what she had listed on the paper, she looked at the shop window with ________ eyes.
A. crucial B. fierce C. uncomplicated D. greedy
52. Only when ________ her the evidence ________ that she had stolen the money.
A. the police showed; did she admit B. did the police show; did she admit
C. did the police show; she admitted D. the police showed; she admitted
53. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
54. The wildlife reserve was set up to ________ endangered species from extinction.
A. obsess B. preserve C. boost D. estimate
55. He always did well at school ________ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A. in spite of B. in view of C. in case of D. regardless of
第II卷
第三节单句改错(共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分)
请你修改以下的每个句子，每句有1处语言错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在横线下面写出修改后的词。
注意：每处错误及其修改仅限一词。
56. Nobody can learn maths well if he works hard on it.
57. No sooner I entered the station than the last train left.
58. How long will it be since he is ready for his new job?
59. What the boy didn’t take medicine made his mother angry.
60. Time permitted, they would like to visit more scenic spots.
61. It is universally acknowledged that anything but peace can save the world.
62. I am very sorry to hear that you cannot fit in your roommates.
63. It was not until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply.
64. To our surprise, a child as Robin is, he can speak two foreign languages.
65. The working conditions are so poor; that’s because I don’t want to work there.
第四节 语篇填空(共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Like many people, Jessica Batchelor prefers to go to bed at 3 pm and wake up at noon. Jessica Batchelor is represented ____66____ an “extreme night owl”. She is one of the estimated 8.2% of the population ____67____ natural tendency is to fall asleep well after midnight. However, she struggles with feelings of guilt and shame. It is mistakenly assumed that sleeping little and rising early is in ____68____ (associate) with virtue. As ____69____ matter of fact, around eight hours of good-quality sleep ____70____ (be) essential for better health for almost everybody. Why do natural night owls exist? There is no single ____71____ (universal) accepted theory. Evolutionary biologists think that communities with more variation in chronotypes (作息类型) may have been more likely ____72____ (survive). Natural night owls are fundamentally different to insomniacs (失眠者). As a medical writer Jessica Batchelor puts ____73____, she is most ____74____ (product) at 11 pm. However, she can’t tell anyone _____75_____ she goes to sleep, wakes up, showers, or eats a meal, because natural night owls are not well understood.
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
76. 你校将以三月三日世界野生动植物日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 分析野生动植物的生存现状；
2. 保护野生动植物的重要性；
3. 提出保护野生动植物的倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文的首句已为你写好，不计入总词数。
March 3th was officially named as World Wildlife Day.
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【答案】1-5 CBCAC 6-10 BCABA 11-15 CBABB 16-20 CAACC
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了11月10日下午5点半，纽约到处一片漆黑，这是历史上最大的一次停电。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There were twelve of us. But no one was panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn’t let him. Firemen finally got us out. (我们有十二个人。但没有人惊慌失措。我们讲故事、玩文字游戏打发时间。有个人想抽烟，但我们不让。消防队员终于把我们救了出来)”可知，在整个漆黑时段，马丁·萨尔茨曼和其他11个人都很平静。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中““All of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted,” said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan. (“我们所有的冰淇淋和冷冻食品都化了，”曼哈顿市中心一家商店的经理说)”可知，停电期间，超市里的冷冻食品融化了。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一段“At 5:30 p. m, 10th November, it was dark everywhere in New York, which is the biggest power failure in the history. (11月10日下午5点半，纽约到处一片漆黑，这是历史上最大的一次停电)”以及最后一段中“The big electric clock in the lobby of the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started to tick again at 5:25 this morning. (位于曼哈顿市中心的华尔道夫酒店大堂里的大电钟在今天早上5点25分再次开始滴答作响)”可知，停电时间是从下午5点半到次日早上的5点25分。由此可知，停电持续了近12个小时。故选B项。
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自犹他州的一名男孩飞越美国，感谢他的英雄Tom Brady帮助他战胜脑癌。讲述了Noah Reeb抗癌的经过以及Brady带给他的影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Noah’s battle began in November 2020. During the nearly seven-month battle, James Reeb said they counted on their family, friends, their faith and his wife’s watchful care.(诺亚战役始于2020年11月。在将近七个月的战斗中，詹姆斯·里布说，他们依靠家人、朋友、信仰和妻子的悉心照料)”可知，Noah患脑癌不到一年。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“James Reeb said the video “picked Noah up” and every time he was feeling down, he would re-watch it “to help motivate him”.(James Reeb说，“让Noah振作起来”这段视频，每当他感到沮丧时，他就会重新看一遍，“帮助激励自己”)”可知，每当Noah感到沮丧时，他就会重新看一遍视频，这能激励他，可得出Noah感激Brady，因为Brady激励了他。故选C。
3. 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“James Reeb said the video “picked Noah up” and every time he was feeling down, he would re-watch it “to help motivate him(James Reeb说，“picked Noah up”这段视频，每当Noah感到沮丧时，他就会重新看一遍视频，“帮助激励自己”)”可知，可见这段视频可以让Noah高兴起来或振作起来。故画线词意思是“让Noah高兴起来或振作起来”。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Noah Reeb, who has been cancer-free since August, attended the Oct. 25 game with his family after a battle with cancer that included two brain surgeries, chemotherapy and radiation.(诺亚·里布自8月以来终于摆脱了癌症，因癌症进行了两次脑部手术、化疗和放疗后，他与家人一起参加了10月25日的比赛)”可知，Noah坚持对抗癌症，没有放弃，并且治疗期间一直很坚强，可推知，Noah有毅力且坚强。故选C。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了处于睡眠状态时，大脑会释放出脑脊液，它可以清理大脑产生的有害废弃蛋白质。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Just as our bodies produce waste every day — which is why we need to shower and use the toilet — our brains produce harmful waste proteins. But how can our brains “shower” themselves? (就像我们的身体每天都会产生废物一样——这就是为什么我们需要洗澡和上厕所——我们的大脑也会产生有害的废物蛋白质。但我们的大脑是如何“沐浴”自己的呢？)”可知，这篇文章的开头提到了身体的废物，是为了通过对比介绍文章的主题，即“大脑是如何清洁自己的”，故选C。
2. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF脑髓液), was found to increase dramatically during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between braincells in waking hours.(研究发现，大脑中有一种被称为脑脊液的液体，在睡眠时急剧增加，冲走了清醒时在脑细胞之间积累的废物蛋白质。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类大脑的自我清洁功能。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.(但仅仅是它们之间的联系就已经足够令人兴奋了，因为这让研究人员能够拼凑出对被误解的疾病可能的新解释。)”和倒数第二段“For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer’s often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.(例如，慢波睡眠已被证明在增强我们的记忆力方面发挥作用。这也许可以解释为什么老年痴呆症患者的慢脑波通常更少、更弱。基于这项新的研究，可能还有一种解释是：大脑不干净。)”可知，这项新研究的发现很重要，因为它们让我们对一些脑部疾病有了新的认识，故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据第五段的“They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and “clean”. This cycle coincided (巧合) with the rhythm of the brains slow waves — an electrical activity that happens when we’ re in deep sleep.(他们发现，每隔20秒，血液就会流出大脑，为大量脑脊液腾出空间来“清洁”。这个周期与大脑慢波的节奏相吻合——这是一种发生在我们深度睡眠时的电活动。)”可知，缓慢脑电波和大脑清洁的发生频率相同。故选D。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当下一种流行的旅行方式——慢旅行：它可以帮助人们真正探索地方。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“So, when the chance arises, we tend to squeeze as many sights into the trip as we can — four cities in seven days, “must-see’s” in Tokyo, famous landmarks in Europe. It’s as if the faster we’re checking things off our list, the more we are experiencing.”（所以，当机会来临时，我们往往会在行程中尽可能多地游览景点——7天内游览4个城市，东京的“必看景点”，欧洲的著名地标。就好像我们越快地完成任务，我们经历的就越多。）可知，当人们有机会去某个地方时，他们通常会迫不及待地想去尽可能多的地方。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Instead, it focuses on “depicting the real experience of traveling by showing the processes of finding a place to stay or grabbing a taxi”, according to The Korea Times.”（据《韩国时报》报道，它专注于“通过展示找地方住或打车的过程，来描述旅行的真实体验”。）可知，从这个节目中，我们可以得知，节目关注的是旅行中的感受，比如兴奋。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s true that we all want to go “somewhere”. But as the travel blog Cheese Web says, “As long as you keep an open mind, you’ll see that everywhere is ‘somewhere’.”（的确，我们都想去“某个地方”。但正如旅行博客Cheese Web所说：“只要你保持开放的心态，你会发现任何地方都是‘某个地方’。”）故可推知，作者对当前冒险旅行者的旅行趋势持支持的态度。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第五段“Slow travel isn’t about getting somewhere as quickly as possible, but about simply being excited as you’re getting there — or not getting there at all.”（慢旅行不是指以最快的速度到达某个地方，而是指当你到达那里时感到兴奋——或者根本就没有到达那里。）和最后一段“Travel is just like life,” said Ryu in the show. “There is little fun in it if everything is predictable.” It’s true that we all want to go “somewhere”. But as the travel blog Cheese Web says, “As long as you keep an open mind, you’ll see that everywhere is ‘somewhere’.”（柳贤振说：“旅行就像生活一样。“如果一切都是可预测的，那就没有什么乐趣了。”的确，我们都想去“某个地方”。但正如旅行博客Cheese Web所说：“只要你保持开放的心态，你会发现任何地方都是‘某个地方’。”）可知，文章主要讲的是慢旅行可以更好的让人们体验旅行中的快乐，带给人们更好的体验。故文章最好的标题为“慢旅行：帮助人们真正探索地方”。故选D项。
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. C 19. B 20. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种叫“phubbing”的现象，并就如何避免这一现象提出一些建议。
1. 根据上文“Having your cellphone with you is necessary, because you need to deal with possible emergencies.(随身携带手机是必要的，因为你需要处理可能出现的紧急情况。)”可知，携带手机是必须的；而空后“Here are some suggestions. (这里有一些建议。)”则是引出下文说明如何避免那样无视朋友的行为。说明空处应呈上说明虽然带手机有必要，但是我们不应该有那样的行为。G选项“However, it’s also important to have proper manners on a social occasion.(然而，在社交场合保持得体的举止也很重要。)”承上启下，符合上下文内容。故选G。
2. 根据段首句“Put your cellphone on silent when you are with friends. (和朋友在一起的时候，把手机调成静音。)”可知，本段主要建议和朋友一起时，手机调成静音状态。F选项“This makes you stay entirely focused on the face-to- face interactions.(这会让你完全专注于面对面的交流。)”延续上文内容，说明了手机静音后可以更专注的聊天。故选F。
3. 根据段首句“Be considerate (体贴)”可知，本段是建议读者要体贴他人。空前“You don’t want to feel like someone who isn’t physically there is more important than you, and neither do others. (你不希望觉得某个不在你身边的人比你更重要，其他人也一样。)”指的是你不希望的事情，联系本段主要内容，可知，己所不欲勿施于人，所以空处指的应该是自己不希望的事情也不要对别人做。C选项“Therefore, treat others as you prefer to be treated.(因此，你希望别人怎样对待你，你就怎样对待别人。)”与上文内容一致。故选C。
4. 空处为段首句，为本段中心句。下文“This allows you to better digest your food. Also, engaging in face-to-face conversations with your loved ones will make the dining experience a lot more pleasant.(这能让你更好地消化食物。此外，与你爱的人面对面交谈会让用餐体验更愉快。)”指的是吃饭的时候不要玩手机，专心用餐。B选项“Put your cellphone aside while eating.(吃饭时把手机放在一边。)”符合本段内容。故选B。
20. 根据下文“You’re invited because they want you to witness the precious moment in their lives, so respect them by being present physically, mentally, and emotionally.(他们邀请你是因为他们想让你见证他们生命中宝贵的时刻，所以在身体上、精神上和情感上都要尊重他们。)”可知，空处要提到“they”，也就是新娘和新郎。E选项“Make sure you give your undivided attention to the bride and groom.(确保你全心全意地关注新娘和新郎。)”与下文内容一致，“the bride and groom”与下文的“they”一致。故选E。
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Staton最近发现他被哈佛大学法学院，以及哥伦比亚大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、南加州大学和佩珀代因大学的法学院录取了。对Staton来说，前途无量，但并非一直如此。在追随自己的梦想申请法学院之前，他曾在马里兰州做过环卫工人，是通过自己的努力和他人的帮助，他才有了今天。
1. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：对Staton来说，前途无量，但并非一直如此。A. since自从，因为；B. but但是；C. for因为；D. or或者。根据上文“the sky’s the limit”和下文“it wasn’t always that way”可知，此处为转折，意为对Staton来说，前途无量，但并非一直如此。故选B项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在追随自己的梦想申请法学院之前，他曾在马里兰州做过环卫工人。A. making做；B. following跟随，追随；C. remembering记得；D. forgetting忘记。由全文语境可知，文章讲Staton的奋斗追梦历程，此处为following his dreams追随自己的梦想，满足句意要求。故选B项。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：24岁的Staton是由一个单身父亲抚养长大的，父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。A. count on指望，依靠；B. feed on以……为食，以……为能源；C. provide for供养；D. provide with提供。由上文“a single father who worked hard”和常识可知，此处为父亲努力工作养活他和他的兄弟。provide for sb.“供养某人”。故选C项。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Staton说，成长是艰难的，他曾经在学校里挣扎。A. simple简单的；B. tough艰难的；C. smooth顺利的；D. sharp尖锐的，锋利的。根据下文“and he used to struggle in school”在学校里挣扎，可知，此处为成长是艰难的，他曾经在学校里挣扎。故选B项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。A. persuaded劝说；B. claimed声称；C. acknowledged获得；D. suggested建议。根据上文他曾经在学校里挣扎，可知，此处为一位老师甚至建议他转到特殊教育班。故选D项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在一位导师的帮助下，他做到了，这位导师为Staton提供免费辅导。A. made做，成功；B. got得到；C. repeated重复；D. helped帮助。根据上文“with the help of a tutor”可知，此处为在一位导师的帮助下，他做到了，make it意为“成功”。故选A项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Staton是一名高中运动员，专注于武术和拳击。A. coach教练；B. singer歌手；C. athlete运动员；D. teacher老师。根据下文“focusing on martial arts and boxing”专注于武术和拳击，可知，此处为Staton是一名高中运动员。故选C项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在受伤后，Staton说他上大学的选择越来越少。A. preferences偏爱；B. changes机会；C. advantages优点；D. options选择。根据上文“After suffering an injury”和下文“It ruined the chances of me” “So, that’s to say, when applying to college, I got denied by every single one”可知，受伤毁了Staton，他的体育能力肯定不如以前，当申请大学时，每一个大学都拒绝了他，所以Staton说他上大学的选择越来越少。故选D项。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这毁了我成为职业运动员的机会。A. professional职业的；B. personal个人的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. active活跃的。根据上文受伤可知，Staton失去了成为职业运动员的机会。故选A项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Staton没有继续接受高等教育，而是开始在贝茨运输和垃圾清除公司工作，他说这以他从未想象过的方式改变了他的生活。A. education教育；B. career事业；C. position位置；D. salary薪水。根据下文“Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal”可知，Staton开始在贝茨运输和垃圾清除公司工作，故可推知，Staton没有继续接受高等教育。故选A项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Staton没有继续接受高等教育，而是开始在贝茨运输和垃圾清除公司工作，他说这以他从未想象过的方式改变了他的生活。A. wanted想要；B. needed需要；C. promised承诺；D. imagined想象。根据上文“Staton被多所大学录取”和上文“Staton started working at Bates Trucking & Trash Removal, which he said changed his life in ways”和下文“同事们的帮助”可知，当时做清洁工的Staton没想到自己在这种处境下还能逆风翻盘，这是他无法想象的，呼应下文“What I didn’t expect to(我没有想到的是)”。故选D项。
12. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说他想在那里工作，因为他可以做点什么来帮助他父亲支付抵押贷款。A. though尽管；B. because因为；C. while然而，当……时候；D. unless除非。根据上文“He said he wanted to work”以及下文“he could do to help his dad pay for the mortgage”可知，上下文为因果关系。故选B项。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没想到的是，和我一起工作的大多数人以前都被关过牢里……。A. present呈现；B. happen发生；C. prepare准备；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“most of the people I worked with were formerly incarcerated”可知，同事大多坐过牢，Staton没有想到的事情发生了。故选B项。
14. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：所以，我惊讶地发现，他们是多么地鼓舞我，并且真的希望我能有所作为。A. in在里面；B. for为了；C. by通过；D. on 在上面。catch by surprise“出其不意”为固定短语，满足句意要求。故选C项。
15. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：所以，我惊讶地发现，他们是多么地鼓舞我，并且真的希望我能有所作为。A. something想来重要（或值得注意）的事物；B. nothing什么都没有；C. someone某人；D. nobody没人。根据上文“how much they uplifted me”是多么地鼓舞我，可知，同事真的希望Staton能有所作为，做出重要的事情。故选A项。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：是那些在等级制度底层的人真正提升了我。A. bottom底部；B. middle中间；C. centre中心；D. top顶部。由上文提到和Staton一起工作的大多数人以前都被关过牢里，可知，此处为是那些在等级制度底层的人真正提升了Staton。故选A项。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2014年，他的同事鼓励他申请鲍伊州立大学，2016年，他转到了马里兰大学。A. classmates同学；B. coworkers同事；C. tutors导师；D. professors教授。根据上文那些在等级制度底层的人（他的同事）真正提升了Staton，可知，此处为他的同事鼓励他申请鲍伊州立大学。故选B项。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Staton说：“在我开始在那里做得很好之后，我就知道我想去做律师。A. practice实践，从业；B. obey服从；C. violate违背；D. issue发表，颁布。根据前文提到他被哈佛大学法学院，可知，此处为Staton想去做律师。故选A项。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他参加了法学院入学考试(LSAT)，申请了9所学校——被5所学校录取，并在另外4所学校等待录取。A. received接受；B. denied否认；C. admitted录取；D. reserved保留。根据上文“Rehn Staton recently found he was accepted by Harvard Law School — as well as to law schools at Columbia, UPenn, USC and Pepperdine. ”可推知，Staton被5所学校录取。故选C项。
20. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，Staton决定进入哈佛法学院——他永远不会忘记所有帮助他进入法学院的人。A. Additionally另外；B. However然而；C. Eventually最终；D. Instead而不是，代替。根据前文所说他被5所学校录取，以及下文“decided to commit to Harvard Law School”决定进入哈佛法学院，可知，此处为Staton最终的决定。故选C项。
41.D
考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：我的手机，没有它我无法联系我的父母，被我的老师拿走了，原因是我在我的英语课上使用它。第一个空考查定语从句，先行词为My cellphone，根据句意“没有它，我不能联系我的父母”，用without which引导非限定性定语从句；第二个空考查同位语从句，解释说明名词the reason，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用that引导。故选D。
42. B
考查习语。句意：为了解决数据和理论之间的冲突，科学家往往必须跳出固有思维模式，从不同的角度处理问题。A. bark up the wrong tree认错目标；错怪了人；花错精力；B. think outside the box想出别出心裁的点子；C. break new ground开垦处女地，开辟新天地；D. shun the spotlight避开聚光灯。根据“and approach the problem from different angles.”可知，科学家必须跳出固有思维模式，从不同的角度处理问题。故选B。
43. C
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这封信对我来说很珍贵，因为这是皮特写的最后一封信。A. precise精确的；B. previous先前的；C. precious珍贵的；D. present现在的。由“it’s the last one that Pete ever wrote”可知，这是皮特写的最后一封信，因此很珍贵，故选C。
44. A
考查介词短语辨析。句意：在杜库高速公路重新开放的前三天，每天约有1万辆汽车和10万名游客来到这里。A. on a daily basis在日常生活中，每天；B. day in, day out日复一日；C. by trial and error反复试验；D. out of reach遥不可及。由句意可知，此处为介词短语on a daily basis“在日常生活中，每天”，满足句意要求。故选A项。
45. B
考查主语从句。句意：或许所有美国人都应该意识到无论谁作为下一届总统都会面临大量问题。A. who指代人；B. whoever无论谁；C. whomever无论谁（作宾语）；D. no matter who无论谁。分析句子可知，此处是主语从句连接词，从句缺少主语，且意为“无论谁”，应用whoever引导，故选B项。
46. C
考查让步状语从句。句意：无论生活多么困难，我们必须相信自己，努力总有一天会有回报的。分析句子可知，该句为However引导的让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……、无论如何……”，结构为however+形容词+主语+系动词。故选C项。
47. D
考查动词短语辨析。句意：按照已故父亲的遗愿，他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业。A. turn over把……翻过来；B. turn in交上；C. take off起飞；D. take over接管。由“he gave up going abroad for further study”和“all businesses as a chief executive officer”可知，句子表示“他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业”，空格处意为“接管”，故选D。
48. C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你先浏览材料，就能改善你理解力和记忆力。A. compassion同情、怜悯；B. compensation补偿；C. comprehension理解、理解力；D. consumption消费。由题意可知若能先浏览材料，方可改善理解力和记忆力，故选C项。
49. C
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些非公园本地的山羊正在传播疾病，并迅速繁殖。现在可能是减少动物数量的最佳时机，以免数量过多而无法控制。A. put to an end结束；B. set in motion开始，启动；C. bring under control制服，将……置于控制之下；D. bring to life使苏醒。根据句意及空前的“too many”可知，此处指数量过多而难以控制，故选C项。
50. B
考查动词短语辨析。句意：专家们一致认为，需要创新的农业实践来支持农民和消费者以可承受的成本获得更多食物的需求，但最好的想法尚未出现。A. tend to倾向于；B. have yet to还没有；C. used to用于，过去经常；D. cease to停止。由句意以及but转折可知，此处为have yet to come“尚未出现”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然那个漂亮的女孩得到了她在单子上所列的东西，但她还是贪婪地看着商店的橱窗。A. crucial关键的；B. fierce强烈的；C. uncomplicated不复杂的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据“Though the pretty girl got what she had listed on the paper,”可知，女孩用贪婪的眼睛看着橱窗。故选D。
52. A
考查倒装句。句意：直到警察给她看了证据，她才承认她偷了钱。分析句子可知，该句为only位于句首时，后面接状语或状语从句，主句需要部分倒装。其中，在状语从句中无需倒装。主句部分倒装中，把助动词did置于主语之前，谓语动词admit放主语之后。故选A项。
53. B
考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管因特网很有帮助，但我并不认为在网上花太多时间是一个好主意。根据句意可知上下文表示转折关系，句中while相当于although/though。故B项正确。
【点睛】本句考查了while引导主语从句的用法，当while用作连词时，有以下几种含义：
1、意为“当……时候，和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。例如：
While I was watching TV, the bell rang.我看电视时，铃响了。）
Tom watched TV while she ate her supper.（汤姆边吃晚饭边看电视。）
2、意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。例如：
While it was late, he went on working.（虽然很晚了，但他还在继续工作。）
While he is in poor health, he works hard.（虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。）
3、连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。例如：
He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.（他出去散步了，而我却呆在家里。）
I like singing while she likes dancing.（我喜欢唱歌，而她喜欢跳舞。）
You like sports, while I prefer music.（你喜欢体育，而我更喜欢音乐。）
54. B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：建立野生动物保护区是为了保护濒临灭绝的物种。A. obsess着迷；B. preserve保护；C. boost提高；D. estimate估计。根据“The wildlife reserve was set up”可知，野生动物保护区建立的目的是为了保护濒临灭绝的物种。故选B。
55. A
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管他不得不时不时地做些兼职工作，但他在学校的表现一直很好。A. in spite of尽管；B. in view of考虑到；C. in case of以防；D. regardless of不管。根据前后句可知，尽管他做一些兼职工作，但他在学校的表现一直很好，表让步，用in spite of。故选A。
【答案】56. if→unless 57. 在I前加had 58. since→before 59. What→That 60. permitted→permitting 61. anything→nothing 62. 在your前加with 63. 在later后加that 64. 去掉a 65. because→why
【解析】
1. 考查条件状语从句。句意：没有人能学好数学，除非他努力学习。根据“Nobody can learn maths well”和“he works hard on it”可知，句子表示“没有人能学好数学，除非他努力学习”，“除非”是unless，引导条件状语从句，故将if改为unless。
2. 考查时态和固定句型。句意：我一进车站，最后一列火车就开走了。No sooner had sb. done...than...是固定句型，意为“某人一……就……”，故在I前加had。
3. 考查时间状语从句。句意：他还要多久才能准备好接受他的新工作？根据“he is ready for his new job”可知，句子表示“他还要多久才能准备好接受他的新工作”，“过多久才……”是固定句型it will be+时间段+before...，before引导时间状语从句，因此正确的句子是“How long will it be before he is ready for his new job”，故将since改为before。
4. 考查主语从句。句意：那个男孩不吃药使他妈妈很生气。“the boy didn’t take medicine”是主语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导主语从句，故将What改为That。
5. 考查现在分词和独立主格结构。句意：如果时间允许，他们想参观更多的景点。“Time permitted”是独立主格结构，time和permit之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词permitting表主动，故将permitted改为permitting。
6. 考查不定代词。句意：全世界都知道只有和平才能拯救世界。“nothing but”是固定短语，意为“只有”，故将anything改为nothing。
7. 考查固定短语。句意：听说你和室友合不来，我很难过。fit in with sb.是固定短语，意为“与某人相处融洽”。故在your前加with。
8. 考查强调句。句意：直到将近一个月后，我才收到经理的回信。分析句意和“It was not until”可知，句子是“直到……才……”的强调句，是固定句型it was not until...that...，“nearly a month later”是时间，故在later后加that。
9. 考查冠词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，虽然罗宾是个孩子，他却能说两门外语。“a child as Robin is”是as引导的让步状语从句，是表语提前的倒装，当提前的表语是单数名词时需省略冠词，故去掉a。
10. 考查表语从句。句意：工作条件很差；这就是我不想在那里工作的原因。根据“The working conditions are so poor”可知，句子表示“工作条件很差；这就是我不想在那里工作的原因”，“I don’t want to work there”是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，缺少“……的原因”的意思，因此用why引导表语从句，故将because改为why。
【答案】66. as 67. whose 68. association 69. a 70. is 71. universally 72. to survive 73. it 74. productive 75. when
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了杰西卡·巴切勒是一个“极端夜猫子”。据估计，有8.2%的人在午夜过后自然倾向于睡得很好，她就是其中之一。
1. 考查介词。句意：杰西卡·巴切勒就是一个“极端夜猫子”。由be represented as“被表示为……”为固定短语，可知，此处为介词as的填入。故填as。
2. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：据估计，有8.2%的人在午夜过后自然倾向于睡得很好，她就是其中之一。分析句子可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词8.2% of the population在从句中作natural tendency的定语成分，用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3. 考查名词。句意：人们错误地认为少睡早起与美德有关。in association with“与……相联系；与……联合”为固定短语，用名词association。故填association。
4. 考查冠词。句意：事实上，8小时左右的高质量睡眠几乎对每个人的健康都至关重要。As a matter of fact“事实上”为固定短语，用不定冠词a。故填a。
5. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：事实上，8小时左右的高质量睡眠几乎对每个人的健康都至关重要。主语eight hours of good-quality sleep为单数名词意义，故谓语动词为单数形式，结合句子为客观事实，时态为一般现在时。故填is。
6. 考查副词。句意：没有一个被普遍接受的理论。由副词universally作状语，修饰形容词accepted。故填universally。
7. 考查动词不定式。句意：进化生物学家认为，作息类型变异较多的群落可能更容易生存。be likely to do“可能做某事”为固定短语，survive用动词不定式形式。故填to survive。
8. 考查代词。句意：正如医学作家杰西卡•巴切勒(Jessica Batchelor)所说，晚上11点是她工作效率最高的时候。固定用法as sb. put it为“正如某人所说的那样”，用代词it。故填it。
9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：正如医学作家杰西卡•巴切勒(Jessica Batchelor)所说，晚上11点是她工作效率最高的时候。由空前most可知，此处为形容词最高级most productive作表语。故填productive。
10. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：然而，她不能告诉任何人她什么时候睡觉，什么时候起床，什么时候洗澡，什么时候吃饭，因为人们不太了解天生的夜猫子。由句意可知，此处为连词when引导的宾语从句，在从句中作时间状语成分，意为“什么时候”，满足句意要求。故填when。
【答案】March 3th was officially named as World Wildlife Day. With global warming worsening, more and more wildlife is on the edge of extinction.
As is known to all, the more biodiversity there is in an ecosystem, the more successful and healthy it is. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one species can do damage to the delicate ecosystem, influencing the survival of human beings, so it’s high time we made concerted efforts to protect their habitats and establish nature reserves. The corresponding endangered species laws are to be made and awareness of protecting wildlife is to be raised.
Now I call on every one of us to do our share to make a positive change.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“三月三日世界野生动植物日”为主题举办的英语征文比赛，写一篇短文投稿。
1. 词汇积累
影响：influence → affect
提高：raise → enhance
呼吁：call on → appeal to
积极的：positive → active
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With global warming worsening, more and more wildlife is on the edge of extinction.
拓展句：As global warming is worsening, more and more wildlife is on the edge of extinction.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】As is known to all, the more biodiversity there is in an ecosystem, the more successful and healthy it is. (运用了the more…the more“越……就越……”的固定句型)
【高分句型2】Destroying one species can do damage to the delicate ecosystem, influencing the survival of human beings. (运用了动名词作主语和现在分词作伴随状语)
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