高中英语4 Achievements教课内容ppt课件

这是一份高中英语4 Achievements教课内容ppt课件，共53页。PPT课件主要包含了现在分词做状语，构 成 形 式， 现在分词， you are，过去分词做状语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

现在分词的否定式
nt/never having dne nt/never ding nt/never being dne nt/never having been dne
现在作状语：一、 表示伴随情况，如： The children ran ut f the rm, laughing and talking merrily.
= while they were laughing and talking…
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
= while she was reading…
二、表示原因或理由： Seeing nbdy at hme, she decided t leave them a nte. Nt knwing her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.
= As she saw……
Because we didn’t knw…
注：如果分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如： Having finished his hmewrk, Tm went hme.
=After//Because he had finished…
Nt having received an answer, he decided t write anther letter.
=Because he had nt received…
三、作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句）：Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy.=
When they heard…
Seeing thse pictures, he culdn’t help thinking f thse days in Beijing.
When he saw…
注①：如果两个动作同时发生的，多用 when 或 while + 分词这种结构，如：Be careful when crssing the street. Dn’t mentin this while talking t him.
注②：如果要强调谓语动词的动作发生时，分词的动作已经完成，要用完成形式： Having heard the result, the spkeswman expressed her pinin
After she had heard
四、现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如：The bus was held up by snwstrm, thus causing the delay. =
thus it caused …
Wrking hard, yu will succeed. Weighing almst 100Kg, the stne was mved by him alne.
If yu wrk hard
Althugh it weighed…
状语从句的省略：1.状语从句中如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式，则将从句引导词和从句主语以及be动词一起省去。
2.状语从句中如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同，但从句谓语中不含有be动词的某种形式，则将从句引导词和从句主语一起省去，谓语部分第一个改为-ing 形式。
Hearing their teacher's vice, the pupils stpped talking at nce.Dn't be careless when /while having an exam.
When they heard…
When yu are…
Having finished his hmewrk the by was allwed t watch TV play.
After he had finished…
Nt knwing hw t wrk ut the difficult physics prblem, he asked the teacher fr help.
Because he didn’t knw…
Having lived with the girl fr 5 years, we all knw her very well.
Because//After//Since//As we have lived…
Being ill, he still keeps taking exercise.
Althugh he is ill…
现在分词的完成形式和被动形式
① 现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如： Having been there many times, he ffered t be ur guide.
② 在表示一个被动的动作时，如果这个动作是现刻正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的，就可以用现在分词的被动形式。这种形式可以作定语、状语或构成复合宾语，
That building being repaired is ur library. Yu’ll find the tpic being discussed everywhere. Being prtected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
过去分词作状语过去分词(短语)作状语,表示被动的或完成的动作, 这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。Written in a hurry , this article was nt s gd .因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。本句中的written 即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写完。过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
1.过去分词作时间状语,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked abut his address ( = When he was asked abut his address ) , the by didn ' t respnd .问及他的地址时,小男孩没有作答。2.过去分词作原因状语,在句中相当子一个原因状语从句。Annyed at the decisin ( = As he was annyed at the decisin ) , he refused t attend the meeting .由于生气这个决定,他拒绝参加会议。
3.过去分词作条件状语,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。Given mre time ( = If they were given mre time ) the trees culd grw taller .如果再多给一点时间,这些树会长得更高。Heated t a high temperature ( = If it is heated t a high temperature ) , water will change int vapr .如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸汽。
4.过去分词作让步状语,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。Thugh having been warned f the strm ( = Thugh they had been warned f the strm ) , the farmers were still wrking in the fields .尽管被警告过有暴风雨,农民们仍然在田地里劳作。5.过去分词作方式、伴随状语。Fllwed by a grup f students , the teacher entered the classrm .= The teacher entered the classrm and he was fllwed by a grup f students .老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
注意:过去分词(短语)作状语时,前面有时可以加上 when , if , while , thugh , even if , until , unless等连词 , 这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。Even if invited ( = Even if I ' m invited ) , I wn ' t take part in the party .即使受到邀请,我也不会参加那个聚会的。
现在分词也可以作状语,与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于:两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。The girl went ut , shutting the dr behind her .女孩出去后将门随手关上。Nt knwing what t d , she went t her parents fr help .由于不知如何是好,她去找父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given mre encuragement , the girl culd have behaved better .如果多给这个女孩一些鼓励,她本来会表现得更好。Faced with , yu must try t vercme them .在遇到困难时,你必须设法去克服。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示 “被动关系”,其前不用being 。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lst in (陷入某种状态)、seated((坐着的)、 hidden (躲着 ) . lst / absrbed(沉溺于 ) dressed in (穿着)、tired f (厌烦了)等。Lst / Absrbed in deep thught , she didn ' t hear the sund .沉溺于思考中,她没有听到那个声音。Brn in this beautiful twn , the girl hates t leave it .出生于这个美丽的小镇,女孩不愿离开它。
as adverbials
Asked abut his address， the by didn’t respnd.＝When he was asked abut his address，the by didn’t respnd.Walking in the park，she saw an ld friend.＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an ld friend.
Annyed at the decisin，he refused t attend the meeting.＝As he was annyed at the decisin，he refused t attend the meeting.Being ill，he culdn’t g t schl.＝As he was ill，he culdn’t g t schl.
Given mre time ，we culd have better wrk. ＝If they were given mre time， we culd have better wrk.Wrking hard，yu’ll make great prgress.＝If yu wrk hard，yu’ll make great prgress.
He fell ff a tall tree, his leg brken. ＝He fell ff a tall tree, and his leg was brken. He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cld.=He was caught in the rain，which made himself catch a cld.I hurried t schl，nly t find it was Sunday.
Trained ten hurs a day, he will still be a fl. ＝Even if he was trained ten hurs a day, he will still be a fl.Thugh knwing all this，they made me pay fr the damage.=Thugh they knew all this，they made me pay fr the damage.
Mary sat by the windw f the classrm，reading a bk.＝Mary sat by the windw f the classrm and was reading a bk.
Fllwed by a grup f students，the teacher entered the classrm.＝The teacher entered the classrm and he was fllwed by a grup f students.Fllwing a grup f students，the teacher entered the classrm.＝The teacher entered the classrm and he fllwed by a grup f students.
Thugh warned f the strm，the farmers were still wrking in the fields.While admitting he was invlved in the crime, he denied taking part in it.
过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，thugh，even if，until，unless等连词。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。
为强调动词-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when，while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上befre，after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)thugh，强调让步等。
Walking in the street，I met an ld friend f mine.Having finished the letter，he went t pst it.Having been shwn arund the factry，they were very happy.Having finished his hmewrk，he went t bed.
Nt knwing this，he didn’t cme.Nt having made full preparatins，we put ff the sprts meeting.
_______ frm the hill, yu will find the city lks like a big garden. _______ frm the hill, the city lks like a big garden.
________ fr a lng time, the bk lks ld.________ the bk, I find it useful. ________ at her, he jumped with jy. (lk)________ at by her, he jumped with jy. (lk)________ with his rm, mine is smaller.(cmpare)________ with his rm, I fund mine smaller.(cmpare)
Fill in the blanks :_________ (turn) t the right , yu will find the place yu want .2. ___________ (ask) t put n perfrmance , she refused .3. _______________ (finish) his wrk , Henry went hme .4. ________ (learn) new wrds is useful.
Being asked
Having finished
5. He disliked _____________ (interrupt) in his experiment .6. I aplgize fr ________________ (nt, wait) fr yu .7. _________________ (nt, receive) an answer , I wrte t him again .8. ____________________ (give) such a gd chance , yu shuld catch it .
being interrupted
nt having waited
Nt having received
Having been given
9. I didn’t mind ___________ (leave) at hme .10. The huse wants _________ (clean).11. He came in withut _________ (ask).12. ________________ (shw) arund the library , we were taken t see the lab.
being asked
Having been shwn