高中上教版（2020）4 Achievements课后练习题

Unit 4  Sports

一、基础巩固

I．单词拼写

1. She looked at Ginny and tears __________ (滚落) down her cheeks.
2. His latest movie has won high praise from the __________ (评论家) .
3. It's a matter of setting your own __________ (目标) and following them.
4. The wheelchair tennis player is allowed two __________ (弹) of the ball.
5. It was 90 degrees and the air conditioning  b__________ (几乎不) cooled the room.
6. We escaped from the h __________ (忙碌喧嚣) and bustle of the city for the weekend.
7. If you __________ (尖叫) something, you shout it in a loud, high-pitched voice.
8. Television helps to __________ (缓解) the boredom of the long winter evenings.
9. He has finally __________ (破解) the system after years of painstaking research.
10. He delivered the line perfectly, and everybody __________ (咆哮；放声大笑) with laughter. 
11. An expert with a trained eye will __________ (发现) the difference immediately. 
12. We should not dismiss as lies the __________ (难以置信的) stories that children may tell us.
13. An old hand at photography, Tim has been__________ (拍摄) wildlife as a hobby for the last 13 years.
14. My experience as player, coach and manager has prepared me for this __________ (终极的) challenge.
15. In senior high school English teaching in China, English writing has been a __________ (艰苦的) task for students as well as for English teachers.

【答案】 1.rolled      2.critics      3.goals     4.bounces     5.barely      6.hustle     7.scream

8.relieve   9.cracked   10.roared     11.spot     12. incredible   13. shooting   14.ultimate  15.tough

II.单句语法填空 (分词做状语复习)

1. _____________(fill) with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
2. He dropped the glass, _____________(break)it into pieces.
3. _____________(defeat) by his rival，he remained a popular boxer.
4. _____________(live) in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well.
5. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _______ (take) advantage of the health and relaxation.
6. _____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
7. When ____________(offer) help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”
8. _____________ (tell) many times , he finally understood it.
9. When ___________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 

10. _______ (make) several important decisions based on emotion instead of reason, he felt bitterly regretted.

【答案】

1.Filled              2.breaking       3.Defeated           4. Having lived     5.taking

6.Having  waited     7.offered        8.Having been told     9.comparing       10.Having made

III. 词汇填空（本单元词汇巩固）

1.They stayed at several of the island's top tourist ________.

2..When vehicles _______ along, they move along slowly.

3.The police came around the corner and they started to __________ at us.

4.He said it is still not possible to predict the _________outcome.

5.The water had barely come to boil when she began to ________ four eggs into it.

6. It seemed ____________ that people would still want to play football during a war.

7.The newspaper has been one of the most consistent _________ ever of the government.

8. ________ agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter, and agricultural equipment.

9. The driver slowed down at a tight __________ in the road. 

10.The bank isn't performing as well as some of its ____________ .

【答案】1.spots   2. roll    3.shoot   4.ultimate   5. crack    6.incredible   7.critics    8.Relief

10. bend   10. competitors

IV. 翻译完成句子

1.她度过了一个非常艰苦的童年。（tough）

___________________________________________________

1.  植物是所有食物的最终来源。（ultimate）

___________________________________________________

2. 专业人员的短缺在一些地方十分严重。（severe）

___________________________________________________

4.其中一个年纪最大的参赛者赢得了个人银牌。（competitor）

___________________________________________________

5.迈克找到了一份富有挑战性的工作——当电脑程序师。（challenging）

__________________________________________________

【参考答案】

1.She had a pretty tough childhood.

2.Plants are the ultimate source of all foodstuffs.

3.Shortages of professional staff are very severe in some places.

4.One of the oldest competitors won the individual silver medal.

5.Mike found a challenging job as a computer programmer.

二、拓展提升

I、语法填空

Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. (1) ______ (Expect) a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. “This will be like (2) ______ walk in the park,” he’d told his wife. “I’ll look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom.”

Things started well, but just after eight o’clock, his three little “good kids”-Mike, Randy, and Alex-came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast, daddy.” When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex’s head (3) ____  ____ it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat. Mike chanted “Where’s my toast, where’s my toast” in the background. Brad realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.

Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randy’s underwear on his head. Randy locked (4) ______ in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. Nobody could find clean socks, but they (5) ______ (be) before their very eyes. Someone (6) ______(name) “Not Me” had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already started.

By ten o’clock, things were out of control. Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall (7)_______ his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared (8) ______(draw) a picture quietly in the family room，but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realized that the talk show was over and (9)______(read) would be impossible.

At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre. “I suddenly have to go into work and my wife’s away. (10)______ I bring the boys over in a few minutes?” The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.

【答案】1-5 Expecting/ a/as if/ as though/himself

6-10 were/named/with/to be drawing/reading/May/Can/ Could/ Shall

【分析】

1. 考查非谓语，逻辑主语是句子的主语he, 跟expect之间是主动的关系，所以填写expecting。
2. 名词短语前想到了冠词，所以填写a。
3. 考查连词，两空连词并不多，根据意思用他的勺子敲脑袋就像是个鼓一样，所以填写as if。
4. 考查反身代词，这里不缺任何单词，根据意思他把自己锁在浴室里，所以填写himself。
5. 考查谓语动词，两句句子有but这个连接词，所以后面的句子缺少了一个谓语动词，根据时态用过去式，所以填写were。
6. 考查非谓语，句子已经有谓语动词had spilled，所以用非谓语，逻辑主语是someone跟动词是被动的关系，所以填写named。
7. 考查介词，decorate..with，所以填写with。
8. 考查非谓语，固定搭配appear to, 再根据句意他似乎很安静地在房间里画画，表达一种进行时，所以填写to be drawing。
9. 考查非谓语，充当句子的主语，所以用动名词。
10. 考查情态动词，是个一般疑问句，根据句意表示询问，我能。。。？

II、选词填空

Some people seem to have talents for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master roles of grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. Now let’s take a （1）_____ look at these successful language learners to see what we can get from them. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. Instead of （2）______ for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the roles for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and reach their own （3）_____. When they guess （4）______ they try again. They attempt to learn from their mistakes. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They are not afraid to （5）_____ what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is （6）______ or incomplete. It is more important for them to think in the language than to know the meaning for every word. Finally, successful language learners are learners with a （7）_____. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is （8）______ for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. What kind of language learners are you? If you are successful, you have probably been learning （9）______, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the （10）______ outlined above.

Keys:DCBFI  AEKGH

1：考查形容词，空格后是个名词，所以想到填写形容词，密切关注，所以选择D。

2：介词后加动名词和名词，空格后还有个介词for，想到固定搭配waiting for。

3：空格后加名词，固定搭配，reach conclusion,得出结论。

4：空格前有个动词，判断是个副词，F和G当中选择，句意是猜测错误所以再试一次，所以选择F。

5：to后面加动词原形，句意是他们不害怕重复他们所听到的或者说的一些奇怪的事情。

6：和后面的incomplete对应，所以选择A。

7：a后面加可数名词，所以选择E。

8：It is +形容词 +for sb to do，所以选择K。

9：动词后面加副词，独立学习的意思，所以选择G。

10：the后面加名词，空格后面的outlined做后置定语，所以选择H。

III、III、阅读理解

A

In 1953，a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛 ).  It was thought impossible.  Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high.

The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.

Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.

The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature droppedso it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.

Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or Iesswhen wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh" altitudes. So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.

5．Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?

A．To test the flying height and speed of them.

B．To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.

C．To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.

D．To see how many calories they burned per hour.

6．What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?

A．It was carried out at very high altitude.

B．The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.

C．The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.

D．It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.

7．What still puzzles scientists about the geese?

A．Whether they have super hearts and lungs.

B．Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.

C．Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.

D．Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.

8．Where does the text most probably come from?

A．A science fiction.

B．A climbing guide.

C．A travel brochure.

D．A science report.

【答案】5．B6．C7．D8．D

【解析】本文为说明文。登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。

5．推理判断题。第一段“In 1953，a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest.  It was thought impossible.” 报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的。因此下文“ Now  researchers who raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the birds really fly so high.”现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。最后一段“So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.”但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。

6．推理判断题。根据第四段“The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps comp”可知 风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄。第五段“Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or Iess ...” 尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。由此可知C项符合题意，故选C。

7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.” 可知，“目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。”分析选项可知，D项（他们是否能飞8小时飞越珠穆朗玛峰）符合题意，故选D。

8．推理判断题。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。由此可知本文属于科谱文章。分析选项A. A science fiction科幻小说；B. A climbing guide登山指南；C. A travel brochure旅游小册子； D. A science report科学报导可知，D项符合题意，故选D。

                                        B

Dance Classes

Ballet

Ballet teaches grace, posture(姿势) and flexibility. Students focus on the use of proper ballet itemsc物品),expanding their knowledge of classical ballet techniques and improving motor skills for classicai ballet practice.The class is a formal ballet class.

Age 8-10

September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020

10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday

Creative Movers

Students can explore creative movement, balance, focus, the development of skills, motor planning and balance. The class helps build strength, flexibility and self-confidence, and allows children to realize expression in a positive and encouraging environment.  Children use their imagination to celebrate movement and have lots of fun.

Age 3-5

September 7, 2019-January 18, 2020

9 : 00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday

Jazz

Jazz includes movements from both classical ballet and dance techniques. This class will focus on traditional iazz dance. Students will be introduced to jazz-style thythms and movements. In order to ensure proper placement for your child, we invite all students to participate in a sample(示例) class. Students and parents work with program staff to meet students' personal dance goals.

Age 5-6

September 7 2019-May 16, 2020

2 : 00 pm-3 : 00 pm on Saturday

Hip Hop

Students will be introduced to several different aspects of hip hop dance including popping, locking,breaking and tutting in a high-energy environment. Our hip hop instructors are highly knowledgeable and will brovide students with a wonderful view of hip hop dance.

Age 7-10

September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020

1 : 00 pm-2 : 00 pm on Sunday

1. Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children?

A. Ballet. B. Creative Movers.

C. Hip Hop. D. Jazz.

2. What can students do in the jazz class?

A. Make use of all the ballet items. B. Learn the long history of jazz.

C. Dance with famous modern jazz dancers. D. Get to know jazz-style movements.

3. What is special about the hip hop class'?

A. It is open in the afternoon. B. It is available on Sunday.

C. It teaches traditional dances. D. It has the most skilled teachers.

【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了几门舞蹈课。这些课程适合不同年龄段的孩子。孩子们可以根据自己的喜好选择自己喜欢的课程。

1.B

【解析】细节理解题。根据Creative Movers巾的Age 3-5可知，Creative Movers这门课适合四岁的孩子。故选B项。

2.D

【解析】细节理解题。根据Jazz中Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements.可知，学生们在Jazz课中可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。故选D项。

3.B

【解析】细节理解题。根据文中提及Ballet(10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday) ;Creative Movers(9 : 00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday);Jazz( 2 : 00 pm-3 : 00 pm on Saturday);Hip Pop(1 : 00 pm-2 : 00 pm on Sunday) 可知其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而Hip Hop课是在星期天上课，这就是它独特的地方。故选B项。

【点睛】【解析】细节理解题中的直接信息题解题关键在于依据题干线索词回原文定位，然后与选项进行比较，从而选出正确答案。比如文章第1小题：

1. Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children?

A. Ballet.          B. Creative Movers.        C. Hip Hop.       D. Jazz.

题干线索词为4-year-old children，运用查读法迅速定位到Creative Movers巾的Age 3-5可知，Creative Movers这门课适合四岁的孩子。因此B项正确。

IV、阅读六选四

Directions: Read fee passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Landmark structures that were built to stand the test of time were usually carefully protected over the years, allowing them to appear close to the same as they were constructed. However, many famous landmarks no longer look the same. 　1　 

The Golden Gate Bridge is one of America's most famous landmarks and it's a wonder of modern bridge engineering. Chicago engineer Joseph Strauss designed the structure that took more than four years to complete. 　2　 Then, the Golden Gate Bridge had the longest suspended bridge span (跨度) in the world. 

In the city that never sleeps, Times Square is a busy collection of Broadway theaters, cinemas, restaurants and electronic billboards. 　3　 Over the past century, Times Square has undergone numerous adjustments, including a difficult period after the Great Depression. However, it has survived and is a popular tourist destination today.  

　4　 The stone structure sits near the Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt and depicts a mythical creature with a human head and the body of a lion. Although the precise age is not known, the colorless sculpture shows the impact that centuries of desert weather has made on the majestic (雄伟的) figure..The name, initially called Long Acre Square, was changed in 1905.

A.The Great Sphinx is the largest and most famous statue in the world.

B.The recent discovery shows it was more colorful in its original days.

C.They have changed significantly.

D.It was widely praised and finally became a symbol of freedom.

E.Besides, it was open to traffic on May 27,1937.

F.However, it cracked and had to be removed.

 1.A　过渡句。设空前句子表达:杂物给我们的生活增加不必要的压力,杂物会阻碍我们实现我们的梦想和目标。A项“但这种说法是真的吗?”引出下文对该话题的讨论。故选A项。

2.D　归纳句。设空前句子表达:在我们视力发展的早期,我们开始把看到的东西分类。D项“这有助于我们构建我们的环境。”正好归纳了前面所表达的意思。

3.F　过渡句。设空后列举了两种不同的对待杂物的态度:有些人认为把某件东西收拾起来,眼不见,心不想,这种东西就不存在了。其他人认为物体会刺激他们的创造力并且给他们一些想法。F项“一个没有杂物的工作场所更好的观点并不是普遍正确的。”符合语境。

4.C　主旨句。设空处是本段首句,后面表达:Kastner指出如果周围东西很多的话,有些人就会分心,他们可能需要有条理、杂物少才能干好工作。C项“然而,有些人在有杂物的环境中无法工作。”符合本段主旨。

V、Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 人们往往认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。(tend)

2. 我不喜欢这本书，因为我无法与其中的任何主要角色产生共鸣。(identify)

3. 在这艰难的时期，为了保障师生的安全，很多高校宣布春季学期将推迟开学。(tough)

4. 他第一次出国时，经历了一种文化冲击感，过了一段时间才适应在陌生国度独自生活。(adjust) (汉译英)

1.【答案】People tend to think that the problem will never affect/influence//have any effect/influence on them.

【解析】考查动词、短语和时态。根据英语提示，表示“往往认为”应用动词短语tend to think；表示“这个问题决不会影响到他们”为the problem will never affect/influence//have any effect/influence on them是宾语从句，作动词think的宾语。主句用一般现在时，从句用一般将来时。故翻译为People tend to think that the problem will never affect/influence//have any effect/influence on them.。

2.【答案】I didn’t enjoy the book because I couldn’t identify with any of the main characters.

【解析】考查动词、短语和时态。表示“我不喜欢这本书”应用I didn't enjoy the book；表示“因为我无法与其中任何主要角色产生共鸣”应为because I couldn’t identify with any of the main characters.作原因状语从句。根据句意，本句要用一般过去时。故翻译为I didn’t enjoy the book because I couldn’t identify with any of the main characters.

3.【答案】In this tough period, many universities have announced that the spring semester will be postponed in order to ensure the safety of students and teachers.

【解析】考查固定短语、宾语从句和时态。结合句意表示“在这艰难的时期”可翻译为in this tough period；表示“高校”应用复数名词universities，作主语，由many修饰；表示“宣布”应用动词announce，作谓语，主句应用现在完成时；后跟宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分、结构完整应用that引导；从句中主语为“春季学期”短语为the spring semester；表示“推迟”应用postpone，此处与主语构成被动关系，且描述将来的动作应用一般将来时的被动语态；表示“为了”短语为in order to；表示“保障……的安全”应用ensure the safety of；表示“师生”可翻译为students and teachers。故翻译为In this tough period, many universities have announced that the spring semester will be postponed in order to ensure the safety of students and teachers.

4.【答案】The first time he went abroad, he experienced a sense of culture shock and it took her a while to adjust to living alone in a foreign country.

【解析】考查时间状语从句、固定句式和时态。表示“第一次”用the first time，引导时间状语从句；表示“经历”用动词experience；表示“文化冲击感”用“a sense of culture shock”；花了一段时间做某事用固定句式“it takes sb a while to do”，“陌生国度”用“a foreign country”；“适应”用动词短语adjust to，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故译为The first time he went abroad, he experienced a sense of culture shock and it took her a while to adjust to living alone in a foreign country。