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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration教案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration教案，共20页。教案主要包含了即学活用，文章大意等内容，欢迎下载使用。
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. the migratin (迁移) rutes f birds
2. a directry (电话号码簿) f htels
3. explit (开发) ne’s talents
4. a 20-galln (加仑) fish tank
5. a murder (凶杀) case
6. a heart full f mercy (仁慈)
7. make public prperty ne’s private pssessin (拥有)
8. a plitical ppnent (反对者)
9. lgged (载入正式记录的) 30, 000 air miles in April
10. marine (海的) explratin
11. the arrest (逮捕) f a criminal suspect
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1. There was a mass migratin f pverty-struck farmers int the cities.
2. She appealed t the judge t have mercy n her husband.
3. The hme team was in pssessin during mst f the furth quarter.
4. She was stpped utside the shp and placed under arrest.
Ⅲ. 翻译下列课文原句并观察黑体部分
1. Plastic pllutin is als bad, killing many birds and fish, and has even been fund in ur tap water.
塑料污染也很严重, 杀死了许多鸟和鱼, 甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了。
2. There are prbably vast amunts f resurces under the sea and ice, nt just il and gas but als valuable minerals.
海洋和冰下可能蕴藏着大量的资源, 不仅仅是石油和天然气, 还有宝贵的矿物。
3. Hpefully, as technlgy imprves, we may have mre ptins fr managing this balance.
希望随着技术的进步, 我们可以有更多的选择来控制这种平衡。
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Text 1
Text 2
2. What is the text type f the passage?
A. Narratin. (记叙文)
B. Argumentative essay. (议论文)
C. Expsitry writing. (说明文)
D. Practical writing (应用文)
答案: C
3. What’s the main idea f this passage?
Text 1 is mainly abut the prblems caused by sea explratin but Text 2 centers n the imprtance f sea explratin fr humans.
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. Chse the best answer
(1)Why des the writer mentin the Deepwater Hrizn?
A. T shw it has mre gallns f il.
B. T explain its influence n animals.
C. T stress the bad effect f plastic.
D. T prve it has caused serius pllutin.
(2)What is the main idea f the third paragraph?
A. The speed f the melting ice in Arctic.
B. The discvery f fssil fuels in Arctic.
C. The damaging resurces in the Arctic.
D. The influence f climate n the Arctic.
(3)What des the first writer think f the sea?
A. It belngs t humans.
B. It is the habitat f life.
C. It is less sensitive actually.
D. It is the pssessins f future generatins.
(4)What makes it necessary fr us t explre seas?
A. The develpment f technlgy.
B. The value f minerals under the sea.
C. The rising number f ppulatin.
D. The ccurrence f earthquakes.
答案: (1)～(4)DDBC
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文: 由于气候变化, 现在的冰减少了, 这意味着我们可以在更远的北方寻找更多的化石燃料。
译文: 我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么, 这样我们才能采取行动。
2. 阅读主题活动
(1)What is verfishing?
Overfishing is clsely tied t bycatch—the capture f unwanted sea life while fishing fr a different species. This, t, is a serius marine threat that causes the needless lss f billins f fish, alng with hundreds f thusands f sea turtles and cetaceans.
The damage dne by verfishing ges beynd the marine envirnment. Billins f peple rely n fish fr prtein, and fishing is the principal livelihd fr millins f peple arund the wrld.
(2)What did we learn frm the Deepwater Hrizn disaster?
The Deepwater Hrizn blwut caused gas and il t spill int the Gulf f Mexic fr 87 days. Years after this envirnmental disaster, scientists studying the spill better understand the cmplex prcesses that affect hw il transfrms and degrades in the water and just hw resilient ecsystems can be t such a disturbance. The disaster respnse als did nthing t clear up debates abut chemicals called dispersants that are ften used in spill cleanups. Researchers hpe that the technlgical advances ver the past decade—and the knwledge gained—will better prepare the wrld fr the next big spill.
(3)Hw d human activities affect the ceans?
Human activities affect nearly all parts f the cean. Lst and discarded fishing nets cntinue t lethally snare fish, seabirds, and marine mammals as they drift. Ships spill il and garbage; they als transprt critters t alien habitats unprepared fr their arrival, turning them int invasive species. Mangrve frests are cleared fr hmes and industry.
Climate change currently affecting the planet because f high greenhuse gas emissins frm humans is strikingly reflected in the ceans. The greenhuse gas carbn dixide is als turning cean waters acidic, and an influx f freshwater frm melting glaciers threatens t alter the weather-driving currents.
要点精研·素养奠基
1. mercy n. 仁慈; 宽恕; 恩惠
*Althugh this was banned in 1982, sme cuntries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures withut mercy.
尽管这在1982年被禁止, 但一些国家仍然毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
*Having lst the engine’s pwer, the bat was nw at the mercy f the wind.
发动机坏了, 这艘船现在任由大风摆布。
*He was such a cruel man that he shwed n mercy t thers.
他是一个那么残酷的人以至于他对别人毫无怜悯之情。
*They had mercy n their neighbr fr he suffered a lt. =They shwed mercy t their neighbr fr he suffered a lt.
他们对邻居表示同情, 他受的苦难太多了。
shw mercy t sb. 怜悯某人
have mercy n对……表示怜悯
at the mercy f 任凭……的摆布; 在……的支配中
withut mercy残忍地, 毫无同情心地
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He will be generus and merciful (mercy) t thse wh are weaker than himself.
(2)S pitifully did she plead that the Barn grew calm and decided t have mercy n her.
(3)They shwed little mercy t the enemies.
(4)The plicemen sht the crcdile withut mercy.
(5)The bat was at the mercy f the rapid river.
2. pssessin n. 个人财产; 拥有; 控制
*The sea is hme t life, nt human beings’ pssessins.
海洋是生命的家园, 而不是人类的财产。
*The cmpany that Tm is in pssessin f was nce in the pssessin f his uncle.
汤姆现在拥有的公司曾经是他叔叔的。
*On her father’s death, she came int pssessin f a vast frtune. 父亲死后, 她继承了一大笔财产。
*We didn’t take pssessin f the car until a few days after the auctin. 拍卖会过后几天, 我们才真正拿到了那辆车。
be in pssessin f sth. 拥有/占有某物
be in the pssessin f sb. /be in ne’s pssessin
为某人所有; 归某人所有
have pssessin f拥有
cme int pssessin f占有某物
get/take pssessin f 占领; 夺取
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) He is in pssessin f the huse.
= The huse is in the pssessin f him.
(2)He tk pssessin f a lt f jewels frm Mr White.
(3)He had cme int pssessin f a large frtune.
(4)Des the yung man standing there have pssessin f the cmpany?
3. arrest n. 逮捕; 拘留; 中止 vt. 逮捕; 拘留; 阻止
*A $5 millin reward has been annunced fr infrmatin leading t the arrest f thse respnsible fr the murder.
一项500万美元的悬赏已经公布, 以获得逮捕那些对这起谋杀事件负责的人的信息。
*He is said t be under arrest fr spreading nline rumrs.
据说他由于传播网络谣言被捕了。
*An unusual painting arrested his attentin.
一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意。
*After the match three yuths gt arrested.
比赛过后, 有三个青年被捕。
*He was arrested fr faking sme famus paintings.
他由于伪造一些名画而被逮捕。
arrest sb. fr sth. 因……逮捕某人
get arrested (人)被逮捕
arrest ne’s attentin引起某人的注意
be under arrest被逮捕
make an arrest进行逮捕
【即学活用】
(1)She was arrested fr drug-related ffences.
她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。
(2)Yu shuldn’t d things like that. Yu culd get arrested!
你不应该做那样的事。你会被捕的!
(3)The bright clurs f the flwers arrested the girl’s attentin.
花的艳丽色彩引起了那姑娘的注意。
(4)Yu’re under arrest. Yu’re here t assist my investigatin.
你已经被捕了, 你来这里是协助我办案的。
读写结合·表达升级
如何写辩论性文章——海洋探测
辩论性文章属于议论文。议论文主要针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论和看法, 因此写此类文章时要考虑的论据多为正反两个方面。通过对有争议的观点或问题的不同看法进行比较, 然后进行分析和评论, 最后提出自己的看法, 表达自己支持或反对的态度并加以论证说明, 得出结论。
假如你是李华, 学校即将举行以“Is it necessary fr humans t explre ceans? ”为题目的英语作文比赛, 请按照下列要求写一篇80词左右的议论文。要点如下:
1. 使海洋可持续发展
2. 了解海洋环境
3. 更好地了解气候
完成句子
1. 它可以建立更好地理解环境变化所需的基本信息。
It can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change.
2. 这有助于科学家解决目前的情况。
It helps scientists t address current situatins.
3. 这有助于科学家预测未来可能出现的情况。
It helps scientists t predict the future situatins that may emerge.
4. 它还可以让我们了解海洋中可利用的物质, 生命形式是如何生存的, 以及人类如何在海底生存或充分利用深海资源。
It can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces.
5. 海洋是我们赖以满足食物、能源等需求的资源之一。
The sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc.
6. 它还可以帮助我们跟踪发生在海洋上的气候变化以及可能影响我们生活的因素。
It can help us keep track f the climate changes that happen t the cean and what might affect ur life.
7. 海洋探险对人类有很大的好处。
Sea explratin will be f great benefit t humans.
句式升级
8. 用which非限制性定语从句合并句1, 句2和句3
It can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change, which helps scientists t address bth current situatins and t predict the future situatins that may emerge.
9. 用because合并句4和句5
It can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces, because the sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc.
Is it necessary fr humans t explre ceans?
I agree with the view that it is necessary fr humans t explre seas.
First, it can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change, which helps scientists t address bth current situatins and t predict the future situatins that may emerge. Mrever, it can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces, because the sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc. In additin, it can help us keep track f the climate changes that happen t the cean and what might affect ur life.
In sum, sea explratin will be f great benefit t humans.
1. 话题词汇
(1)mnster怪物
(2)attack袭击
(3)creature生物
(4)sighting目击
(5)hairy多毛的
(6)frightening吓人的
(7)mysterius神秘的
2. 话题句式
(1)The Grey Man is a frightening creature that lives in Sctland.
灰人是生活在苏格兰的一种可怕的生物。
(2)They say that the lw-temperature sea is unlikely t be able t supprt such large living creatures.
他们说水温这样低的海里不可能有体型如此巨大的生物生存。
(3)He claims t have seen a rund black creature mving quickly thrugh the water.
他声称看见了一个圆的黑色生物在水中快速移动。
(4)The rich marine bilgical resurces, mineral resurces, chemical resurces and pwer resurces are an indispensable resurce treasure huse f human.
丰富的海洋生物资源, 矿产资源, 化学资源和电力资源是人类赖以生存的必不可少的资源宝库。
(5)The main bjective f the current marine cnservatin is t prtect marine bilgical resurces. 当前海洋保护的主要目标是保护海洋生物资源。
(6)We shuld maintain the regeneratin ability f marine bilgical resurces and the natural purificatin capacity f water, preservatin f the marine eclgical balance in rder t ensure the sustainable human develpment and utilizatin f cean.
我们应该保持海洋生物资源的再生能力和水的自然净化能力, 维护海洋生态平衡, 以确保人类的可持续发展和海洋的持续利用。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. As a result f this westward migratin (迁移), Americans eventually ccupied the whle cntinent—frm the Atlantic t the Pacific.
2. Lk up their number in the telephne directry (目录).
3. Carl’s starting cllege in September. Meanwhile (与此同时), he’s travelling arund Eurpe.
4. We need t make sure that we explit (开发) ur resurces as fully as pssible.
5. We drank gallns (加仑) f cffee t keep urselves awake.
6. Her husband was murdered (谋杀) by gunmen as she watched.
7. After the bat’s mtr failed, they were at the mercy (仁慈)f the weather.
8. The pssessin (拥有) f large amunts f mney des nt ensure happiness.
9. Leading ppnents (对手) f the prpsed cuts in defence spending will meet later tday.
10. Details f the crime are then lgged (记录) in the cmputer.
11. Marine (海洋的) bilgists are cncerned abut the effects f untreated sewage that is flwing int castal waters.
12. The plice say seven peple were arrested (逮捕) fr minr ffences.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
withut mercy, have pssessin f, be hme t, arrest ne’s attentin, as well as, take actin
1. The park is hme t bears, wlves, and ther wild animals.
2. Mark was mainly interested in sprt at schl, playing rugby as well as sccer.
3. It’s high time that we shuld take actin t prtect the water resurces.
4. At the first sign f mvement, they sht withut mercy.
5. The bright clrs f the flwers arrested his attentin.
6. Hw d human beings have pssessin f healthy physique and self-cntained mentality, when enjying affluent material life?
课时素养评价
九 Unit 3 Using Language
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Change f climate must have had a pwerful influence n migratin (migrate).
2. I have in my pssessin (pssess) a letter which may be f interest t yu.
3. They have n mercy n the pr father and daughter.
4. A man is under arrest fllwing the suspicius death f his wife.
5. Fifteen millin trees had been blwn dwn by the high winds, blcking (blck) rads, paths and railway lines.
6. What makes his parents wrried is nt his grades but that he hasn’t any interest in learning.
7. Many chemicals have a damaging (damage) effect n the envirnment.
8. Bth f them have been thrugh an awful lt and hpefully (hpeful) nw I can help them rebuild their lives.
9. The audience applauded(applause) their favrite singer as she came n the stage.
10. There is nthing but criticism fr the untrue cverage(cver) f the ftball game n the website.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. They were lst at the sea, at the mercy f the wind and weather.
他们在海上迷了路, 任凭风和天气的摆布。
2. We can’t take pssessin f the huse until all the papers have been signed.
所有的文件都签字以后, 我们才能拥有这房子。
3. As I lked thrugh the bk, several printing mistakes arrested my sight.
我翻阅这本书时发现了几个印刷错误。
4. They may be able t help with childcare s that yu can have a break.
他们可以帮忙照料孩子, 这样你就可以歇一歇了。
5. Scientists have been explring space, and meanwhile manned submersibles are being imprved underwater.
科学家们一直在探索太空, 同时载人潜艇也在水下改进。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
We knw mre abut the surface f the planet Mars than we knw abut what is at the bttm f Earth’s ceans. Until recently, scientists had mapped nly abut 20 percent f the sea flr. But ur knwledge f the deep seas is changing because f infrmatin frm satellites. Scientists have prduced a new map that prvides a detailed picture f the ceans.
The new map is twice as detailed as the map made 20 years ag. David Sandwell is a gephysics prfessr at the Scripps Institutin f Oceangraphy at the University f Califrnia. He and ther scientists wrked n the mapping prject. He says they turned t space t lk deeper int the cean.
“The way we’re ding that is t use a satellite altimeter(测高仪), a radar t map the tpgraphy(地形) f the cean surface. That is because the cean surface tpgraphy is different because f gravitatinal(引力的) effects. ”
The scientists cllected and studied infrmatin frm tw satellites. One was the Eurpean Space Agency’s Cry-2 satellite that was placed in Earth’s rbit t watch sea ice. The ther satellite is the American space agency’s Jasn-1, studying the surface f the ceans. Scientists cmbined the satellite data with images gathered by equipment n ships. The equipment wrks by sending sund waves thrugh the water. When the sund waves hit an bject, its presence is cnfirmed.
The new map shws the sea flr as it has never been seen befre. It shws thusands f underwater muntains and places where cntinents pulled apart. It shws where earthquakes were active many years ag. In ne place, three muntain ridges(山脊) jin at the same area. “It’s called the Indian Ocean Triple Junctin. It’s ne f my favrite spts in the cean. Yu have three plates—the African plate, and the Ind-Australian plate and the Antarctic plate—all cnnected at this ne pint in the center f the Indian Ocean, ” says David Sandwell.
The map is a pwerful tl fr thse interested in prtecting the envirnment and fr il explratin. It als can help ships travel safely and imprve scientific prjects wrldwide. Of curse, scientists will make many mre discveries as they examine the new map and the infrmatin it prvides.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。讲述科学家绘制了海底面积百分之二十的地图, 得益于卫星传来的信息, 有助于我们对于深海的了解更加详细。
1. We can we the success f the new mapping prject t .
A. the details f the ld map
B. Eurpe’s cperatin with America
C. scientists’ cntinual measuring wrk under the sea
D. the applicatin f radar and sund wave measuring equipment
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段的The way we’re ding that is t use a satellite altimeter, a radar t map the tpgraphy f the cean surface和第四段的The equipment wrks by sending sund waves thrugh the water. When the sund waves hit an bject, its presence is cnfirmed. 可知, 我们可以把新的绘图项目的成功归功于雷达和声波测量设备的应用。故选D。
2. What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. They hped t use space technlgy t map the cean flr.
B. They wanted the satellite t prduce the map.
C. They had never explred the deeper cean.
D. They decided t search the uter space.
【解析】选A。词句猜测题。根据下文David Sandwell教授说的The way we’re ding that is t use. . . different because f gravitatinal effects. 可知, 画线部分说的是他们求助于太空来更深入地探索海洋, 也就是希望利用空间技术绘制海底地图。故选A。
3. What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 4?
A. The functin f sund waves.
B. The differences f tw satellites.
C. The difficulties f mapping the ceans
D. The prcess f mapping the cean flr.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知, 本段讲述科学家们从两颗卫星收集和研究信息。科学家将卫星数据与船上设备收集的图像结合起来。因此推断本段主要讲述绘制海床的过程。故选D。
4. The fifth paragraph is used t .
A. shw the discvery thrugh the new map
B. prve the earthquakes were active under the cean
C. explain hw the cean flr develped
D. intrduce what the underwater muntains were like
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段的The new map shws the sea flr . . . many years ag. 可知, 本段被用来展示新地图的发现。故选A。
B
“Shine in the dark” dlphins may seem like smething straight ut f a science fictin mvie. Hwever, that is precisely what Newprt Castal Adventures’ Captain Ryan Lawler and prfessinal videgrapher Patrick Cyne witnessed, when they set ut t explre the spectacular blue tides that have been lighting up the waters ff Suthern Califrnia’s cast since mid-April.
The partner scanned the cean fr hurs and was returning t shre when they sptted the “electric” dlphins swimming thrugh the blm f shining planktn(浮游生物). The videgrapher, wh had seen the phenmenn nly nce befre in a Netflix shw, says catching the scenes prved t be a lt harder than he had expected. “Fr starters, the shining planktn has sweet spts t where it shws up and then fades away, s while n the water, it’s impssible t just find it, ” Cyne says. “Als, cnditins have t be abslutely perfect fr the shining planktn t shw and fr animals t swim thrugh it s we can film it. ”
Thugh witnessing shining sea life is rare, the electrifying blue cean scenery is a fairly cmmn sight arund Suthern Califrnia between February and September. The phenmenn can be attributed t the presence f millins f planktn, which tend t gather and reprduce in large quantities in the warm castal waters during this time.
Thugh a majrity f Califrnia’s red tides are caused by planktn species that d nt prduce deadly pisn, sme algal blms(藻花)can be dangerus fr sea animals, especially when they stay fr lng perids f time. In 2018, an almst year-lng “red tide” alng Flrida’s Gulf cast caused by the excessive grwth f micralgae Karenia Brevis, killed hundreds f fish and ther sea animals.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发光的浮游生物, 以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。
5. What des the underlined phrase “sweet spts” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. A sea plant.
B. A lst wrld.
C. A perfect mment.
D. A missing camera.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由第二段中的“Fr starters, the shining planktn . . . it’s impssible t just find it, ”可知, 发光的浮游生物在它们出现和消失的地方都有自己的闪光点, “sweet spts”指的是浮游生物出现和消失的地方, 是一个完美的时刻。故选C项。
6. What is the main reasn fr the sea life shining?
A. They absrb the light in the cean and then reflect it.
B. They are surrunded by millins f shining planktn.
C. They swim thrugh the cean with electricity in large quantities.
D. They benefit frm the warm water t pwer themselves.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thugh witnessing shining sea life is rare. . . during this time. ”可知, 海洋生物发光的主要原因是, 它们被数百万闪亮的浮游生物包围着。故选B项。
7. What caused the death f sme sea animals accrding t the text?
A. Red tides.
B. Human explratin.
C. Warm water.
D. Algal blms.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段中的“Thugh a majrity f Califrnia’s red tides. . . killed hundreds f fish and ther sea animals. ”可知, 造成海洋生物死亡的原因是藻类的繁殖。故选D项。
8. In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Science.
B. Health.
C. Entertainment.
D. Educatin.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知, 文章介绍了发光的浮游生物, 以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。可以推断, 这篇说明文可能出现在报纸的科学版面。故选A项。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
Beginning with Chinese effrts t explre and cnnect with Central Asia, the Silk Rad cnsisted f massive small rutes and was named after the silk clth the Chinese prduced. 1 Thrugh these rutes, Chinese silk, prcelain, lacquer wrk and irnware were shipped t the West, while pepper, flax, spices, grape and pmegranate entered China.
2 They prmted flw f knwledge as well. Arab astrnmy, calendar and medicine fund their way t China, while China’s fur great inventins and silkwrm breeding spread t ther parts f the wrld. 3 Fr example, Buddhism riginated in India, blssmed in China and was enriched in Sutheast Asia. Cnfucianism, which was brn in China, gained appreciatin by Eurpean thinkers such as Leibniz and Vltaire. Herein lies the appeal f mutual (相互的) learning.
The ancient silk rutes witnessed the busy scenes f visits and trade ver land and ships calling at prts. Alng these majr rutes, capital, technlgy and peple flwed freely. 4 The ancient prsperus cities and prts develped, s did the Rman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdms. The Han and Tang Dynasties f China entered the glden age. The ancient silk rutes brught prsperity t these regins and cntributed t their develpment.
Sme regins alng the ancient Silk Rad used t be a land f milk and hney. Yet tday, these places are ften assciated with cnflict, crisis and challenge. 5 Nw, the Belt and Rad Initiative intends t build an pen platfrm f cperatin and a brad cmmunity f shared interests. It will nt nly achieve ecnmic grwth and balanced develpment, but als cnnect different civilizatins. Mutual understanding, mutual respect, and mutual trust amng different cuntries will be bsted.
A. Mre imprtantly, ideas were als exchanged.
B. The ancient silk rutes were nt nly fr trade.
C. Gds, resurces and benefits were widely shared.
D. Such state f affairs shuld nt be allwed t cntinue.
E. Hwever, silk was just ne f many gds traded n these rutes.
F. Large empires prvided stability and prtectin fr the trade rutes.
G. The Silk Rad was never an actual rad, r even a single massive trade rute.
【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和意义, 不仅有物资贸易, 也有知识传播和观念的交流。现在的“一带一路”提供了一个合作、均衡发展的平台。
1. 【解析】选E。此处是词汇复现线索。根据后一句“通过这些路线, 中国丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方, 而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国”可知此段说的是丝绸之路上物资的贸易。silk是词汇复现。选项E意为: 然而, 丝绸只是在这些路线上交易的许多商品之一。故选E项。
2. 【解析】选B。此处是逻辑线索和代词指代。后一句as well 表示递进关系, nt nly与as well 相关联。选项B意为: 古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易。They指代the ancient silk rutes。故选B项。
3. 【解析】选A。空后举例“Buddhism佛教、Cnfucianism儒家思想”说明丝绸之路上观念的交流。选项A引出下一句的话题, 意为: 更重要的是, 还交流了观点。故选A项。
4. 【解析】选C。此处是词汇线索。前一句“资本、技术和人员自由流动(flwed freely)”和选项C中were widely shared 意思相关联。选项C意为: 商品、资源和利益被广泛分享。故选C项。
5. 【解析】选D。此处是代词指代线索。 空前一句“然而今天, 这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”。选项D中such state f affairs 指代上一句中陈述的状况。选项D意为: 这种状况不应继续下去。故选D项。
主题活动·迁移应用
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
描写海洋的词汇
sea海; pen sea远海; cean大洋; inlet小湾; bay海湾, 湾; gulf海湾; cve湾; cape海角; prmntry, headland海角, 岬; cliff悬崖峭壁; prt, harbur(美作: harbr)港; bay, radstead碇泊; sandbank沙滩; beach海滩; strait海峡; isthmus地峡; reef礁石; key暗礁; sandbar沙洲; tide潮; wave浪; undertw回头浪; tempest风暴; grund swell 涌浪; seaquake海震, 海啸; lwwater最低水位; territrial waters领海, 领水; ice fle 冰川; ice berg冰山; shre海岸; bank河岸; estuary湖港区; delta三角洲; muth 河口; current, watercurse水流; stream, brk小溪; trrent湍流山溪; rapids急流; surce源头; spring泉; bed河床; fld洪水; flw泛滥; swelling, freshet河水猛涨, 涨水; basin流域; tributary支流; cnfluent汇合点; meander河曲; canal运河; waterfall, falls, cascade瀑布; cataract大瀑布
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
Mark: S Srie, 1. firstly, talking abut cean sprts and being n the cean (首先, 我们来谈谈海上运动以及在海上游玩). Maybe yu culd talk abut yur cean swimming experience in Ogasawara.
Srie: Yeah, I lve swimming. It’s s peaceful t be there in the cean. And the cean in Ogasawara was very clear and 2. meanwhile yu culd see s many fishes (并且与此同时, 你可以看到很多鱼类) and I’d lve t g swimming and immersed in the cean. It was like anther wrld. It was very beautiful. But later n.
Mark: What happened?
Srie: 3. It began when my friends had cme t visit and s, we went fishing (这件事发生在我朋友过来看我, 我们去钓鱼的时候). But befre they started fishing, I decided t g fr a swim. And I swam, and I culd see all the way t the bttm f the cean. 4. And at that time, I saw this fish but they were actually nt fish, they were sharks (在那时候我看到了一种鱼, 其实那并不是鱼, 那是鲨鱼). They were white-tipped sharks.
Mark: Ww.
Srie: There were fur f them at the bttm f the cean. And I just remember that ne yu have t d is t keep calm. S I did that. After that I swam ut. 5. I tld my friends, “There are fur sharks dwn there, s get me ut f here” (我告诉我的朋友们, “海底有四只鲨鱼, 快带我离开这里”). S they gt me ut f there but my heart was beating s fast. I was s scared.
Mark: Were they dangerus? Thse sharks?
Srie: Well, they’re nt dangerus. They might be able t bite a finger ff but I didn’t want that t happen either. S as sn as I saw them, I came ut f the place. Yeah, but that was s scary.
Mark: Ww. Oh, it sunds beautiful and amazing and dangerus all the same time. (1)Sea explratin has caused many prblems
▲ Mre explratin means mre (2)pllutin.
▲ (3)Mining fr resurces is very damaging.
▲ (4)Overfishing is anther prblem.
Sea explratin is imprtant fr ur (5)future.
Mre research is (6)necessary.
We need new (7)resurces fr future develpment.
(8)Envirnmental risks shuld be balanced with ecnmic needs.
The prblems f explring sea
Mre explratin means mre
(1)pllutin
▲Gallns f il is spilled int the sea
▲Plastic pllutin
Mining fr resurces is very
(2)damaging
★Climate change makes (3)ice less
★Lk fr mre fssil fuels further nrth
★The ice will melt mre
(4)Overfishing is anther prblem
Sea explratin is imprtant fr ur future.
Help address imprtant issues such as (5)climate change
Understanding mre abut the sea
Help us manage its (6)resurces better
Lgging new (7)species
Imprve ur understanding f life n the earth.
Accessing the deep cean
Help us t predict (8)events such as earthquakes
◆New resurces fr grwing (9)ppulatin
◆Mre resurces under sea and ice
◆Balance the (10)ecnmic needs and envirnmental risks
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. the migratin (迁移) rutes f birds
2. a directry (电话号码簿) f htels
3. explit (开发) ne’s talents
4. a 20-galln (加仑) fish tank
5. a murder (凶杀) case
6. a heart full f mercy (仁慈)
7. make public prperty ne’s private pssessin (拥有)
8. a plitical ppnent (反对者)
9. lgged (载入正式记录的) 30, 000 air miles in April
10. marine (海的) explratin
11. the arrest (逮捕) f a criminal suspect
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1. There was a mass migratin f pverty-struck farmers int the cities.
2. She appealed t the judge t have mercy n her husband.
3. The hme team was in pssessin during mst f the furth quarter.
4. She was stpped utside the shp and placed under arrest.
Ⅲ. 翻译下列课文原句并观察黑体部分
1. Plastic pllutin is als bad, killing many birds and fish, and has even been fund in ur tap water.
塑料污染也很严重, 杀死了许多鸟和鱼, 甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了。
2. There are prbably vast amunts f resurces under the sea and ice, nt just il and gas but als valuable minerals.
海洋和冰下可能蕴藏着大量的资源, 不仅仅是石油和天然气, 还有宝贵的矿物。
3. Hpefully, as technlgy imprves, we may have mre ptins fr managing this balance.
希望随着技术的进步, 我们可以有更多的选择来控制这种平衡。
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Text 1
Text 2
2. What is the text type f the passage?
A. Narratin. (记叙文)
B. Argumentative essay. (议论文)
C. Expsitry writing. (说明文)
D. Practical writing (应用文)
答案: C
3. What’s the main idea f this passage?
Text 1 is mainly abut the prblems caused by sea explratin but Text 2 centers n the imprtance f sea explratin fr humans.
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. Chse the best answer
(1)Why des the writer mentin the Deepwater Hrizn?
A. T shw it has mre gallns f il.
B. T explain its influence n animals.
C. T stress the bad effect f plastic.
D. T prve it has caused serius pllutin.
(2)What is the main idea f the third paragraph?
A. The speed f the melting ice in Arctic.
B. The discvery f fssil fuels in Arctic.
C. The damaging resurces in the Arctic.
D. The influence f climate n the Arctic.
(3)What des the first writer think f the sea?
A. It belngs t humans.
B. It is the habitat f life.
C. It is less sensitive actually.
D. It is the pssessins f future generatins.
(4)What makes it necessary fr us t explre seas?
A. The develpment f technlgy.
B. The value f minerals under the sea.
C. The rising number f ppulatin.
D. The ccurrence f earthquakes.
答案: (1)～(4)DDBC
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文: 由于气候变化, 现在的冰减少了, 这意味着我们可以在更远的北方寻找更多的化石燃料。
译文: 我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么, 这样我们才能采取行动。
2. 阅读主题活动
(1)What is verfishing?
Overfishing is clsely tied t bycatch—the capture f unwanted sea life while fishing fr a different species. This, t, is a serius marine threat that causes the needless lss f billins f fish, alng with hundreds f thusands f sea turtles and cetaceans.
The damage dne by verfishing ges beynd the marine envirnment. Billins f peple rely n fish fr prtein, and fishing is the principal livelihd fr millins f peple arund the wrld.
(2)What did we learn frm the Deepwater Hrizn disaster?
The Deepwater Hrizn blwut caused gas and il t spill int the Gulf f Mexic fr 87 days. Years after this envirnmental disaster, scientists studying the spill better understand the cmplex prcesses that affect hw il transfrms and degrades in the water and just hw resilient ecsystems can be t such a disturbance. The disaster respnse als did nthing t clear up debates abut chemicals called dispersants that are ften used in spill cleanups. Researchers hpe that the technlgical advances ver the past decade—and the knwledge gained—will better prepare the wrld fr the next big spill.
(3)Hw d human activities affect the ceans?
Human activities affect nearly all parts f the cean. Lst and discarded fishing nets cntinue t lethally snare fish, seabirds, and marine mammals as they drift. Ships spill il and garbage; they als transprt critters t alien habitats unprepared fr their arrival, turning them int invasive species. Mangrve frests are cleared fr hmes and industry.
Climate change currently affecting the planet because f high greenhuse gas emissins frm humans is strikingly reflected in the ceans. The greenhuse gas carbn dixide is als turning cean waters acidic, and an influx f freshwater frm melting glaciers threatens t alter the weather-driving currents.
要点精研·素养奠基
1. mercy n. 仁慈; 宽恕; 恩惠
*Althugh this was banned in 1982, sme cuntries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures withut mercy.
尽管这在1982年被禁止, 但一些国家仍然毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
*Having lst the engine’s pwer, the bat was nw at the mercy f the wind.
发动机坏了, 这艘船现在任由大风摆布。
*He was such a cruel man that he shwed n mercy t thers.
他是一个那么残酷的人以至于他对别人毫无怜悯之情。
*They had mercy n their neighbr fr he suffered a lt. =They shwed mercy t their neighbr fr he suffered a lt.
他们对邻居表示同情, 他受的苦难太多了。
shw mercy t sb. 怜悯某人
have mercy n对……表示怜悯
at the mercy f 任凭……的摆布; 在……的支配中
withut mercy残忍地, 毫无同情心地
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He will be generus and merciful (mercy) t thse wh are weaker than himself.
(2)S pitifully did she plead that the Barn grew calm and decided t have mercy n her.
(3)They shwed little mercy t the enemies.
(4)The plicemen sht the crcdile withut mercy.
(5)The bat was at the mercy f the rapid river.
2. pssessin n. 个人财产; 拥有; 控制
*The sea is hme t life, nt human beings’ pssessins.
海洋是生命的家园, 而不是人类的财产。
*The cmpany that Tm is in pssessin f was nce in the pssessin f his uncle.
汤姆现在拥有的公司曾经是他叔叔的。
*On her father’s death, she came int pssessin f a vast frtune. 父亲死后, 她继承了一大笔财产。
*We didn’t take pssessin f the car until a few days after the auctin. 拍卖会过后几天, 我们才真正拿到了那辆车。
be in pssessin f sth. 拥有/占有某物
be in the pssessin f sb. /be in ne’s pssessin
为某人所有; 归某人所有
have pssessin f拥有
cme int pssessin f占有某物
get/take pssessin f 占领; 夺取
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) He is in pssessin f the huse.
= The huse is in the pssessin f him.
(2)He tk pssessin f a lt f jewels frm Mr White.
(3)He had cme int pssessin f a large frtune.
(4)Des the yung man standing there have pssessin f the cmpany?
3. arrest n. 逮捕; 拘留; 中止 vt. 逮捕; 拘留; 阻止
*A $5 millin reward has been annunced fr infrmatin leading t the arrest f thse respnsible fr the murder.
一项500万美元的悬赏已经公布, 以获得逮捕那些对这起谋杀事件负责的人的信息。
*He is said t be under arrest fr spreading nline rumrs.
据说他由于传播网络谣言被捕了。
*An unusual painting arrested his attentin.
一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意。
*After the match three yuths gt arrested.
比赛过后, 有三个青年被捕。
*He was arrested fr faking sme famus paintings.
他由于伪造一些名画而被逮捕。
arrest sb. fr sth. 因……逮捕某人
get arrested (人)被逮捕
arrest ne’s attentin引起某人的注意
be under arrest被逮捕
make an arrest进行逮捕
【即学活用】
(1)She was arrested fr drug-related ffences.
她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。
(2)Yu shuldn’t d things like that. Yu culd get arrested!
你不应该做那样的事。你会被捕的!
(3)The bright clurs f the flwers arrested the girl’s attentin.
花的艳丽色彩引起了那姑娘的注意。
(4)Yu’re under arrest. Yu’re here t assist my investigatin.
你已经被捕了, 你来这里是协助我办案的。
读写结合·表达升级
如何写辩论性文章——海洋探测
辩论性文章属于议论文。议论文主要针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论和看法, 因此写此类文章时要考虑的论据多为正反两个方面。通过对有争议的观点或问题的不同看法进行比较, 然后进行分析和评论, 最后提出自己的看法, 表达自己支持或反对的态度并加以论证说明, 得出结论。
假如你是李华, 学校即将举行以“Is it necessary fr humans t explre ceans? ”为题目的英语作文比赛, 请按照下列要求写一篇80词左右的议论文。要点如下:
1. 使海洋可持续发展
2. 了解海洋环境
3. 更好地了解气候
完成句子
1. 它可以建立更好地理解环境变化所需的基本信息。
It can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change.
2. 这有助于科学家解决目前的情况。
It helps scientists t address current situatins.
3. 这有助于科学家预测未来可能出现的情况。
It helps scientists t predict the future situatins that may emerge.
4. 它还可以让我们了解海洋中可利用的物质, 生命形式是如何生存的, 以及人类如何在海底生存或充分利用深海资源。
It can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces.
5. 海洋是我们赖以满足食物、能源等需求的资源之一。
The sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc.
6. 它还可以帮助我们跟踪发生在海洋上的气候变化以及可能影响我们生活的因素。
It can help us keep track f the climate changes that happen t the cean and what might affect ur life.
7. 海洋探险对人类有很大的好处。
Sea explratin will be f great benefit t humans.
句式升级
8. 用which非限制性定语从句合并句1, 句2和句3
It can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change, which helps scientists t address bth current situatins and t predict the future situatins that may emerge.
9. 用because合并句4和句5
It can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces, because the sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc.
Is it necessary fr humans t explre ceans?
I agree with the view that it is necessary fr humans t explre seas.
First, it can establish the basic infrmatin needed t better understand envirnmental change, which helps scientists t address bth current situatins and t predict the future situatins that may emerge. Mrever, it can als give us knwledge abut what are available in ceans, hw the life frms live, and find ut hw humans can survive dwn there r make gd use f the depth’s resurces, because the sea can be ne f the resurces fr us t rely n t fulfill the needs such as fd, energy, etc. In additin, it can help us keep track f the climate changes that happen t the cean and what might affect ur life.
In sum, sea explratin will be f great benefit t humans.
1. 话题词汇
(1)mnster怪物
(2)attack袭击
(3)creature生物
(4)sighting目击
(5)hairy多毛的
(6)frightening吓人的
(7)mysterius神秘的
2. 话题句式
(1)The Grey Man is a frightening creature that lives in Sctland.
灰人是生活在苏格兰的一种可怕的生物。
(2)They say that the lw-temperature sea is unlikely t be able t supprt such large living creatures.
他们说水温这样低的海里不可能有体型如此巨大的生物生存。
(3)He claims t have seen a rund black creature mving quickly thrugh the water.
他声称看见了一个圆的黑色生物在水中快速移动。
(4)The rich marine bilgical resurces, mineral resurces, chemical resurces and pwer resurces are an indispensable resurce treasure huse f human.
丰富的海洋生物资源, 矿产资源, 化学资源和电力资源是人类赖以生存的必不可少的资源宝库。
(5)The main bjective f the current marine cnservatin is t prtect marine bilgical resurces. 当前海洋保护的主要目标是保护海洋生物资源。
(6)We shuld maintain the regeneratin ability f marine bilgical resurces and the natural purificatin capacity f water, preservatin f the marine eclgical balance in rder t ensure the sustainable human develpment and utilizatin f cean.
我们应该保持海洋生物资源的再生能力和水的自然净化能力, 维护海洋生态平衡, 以确保人类的可持续发展和海洋的持续利用。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. As a result f this westward migratin (迁移), Americans eventually ccupied the whle cntinent—frm the Atlantic t the Pacific.
2. Lk up their number in the telephne directry (目录).
3. Carl’s starting cllege in September. Meanwhile (与此同时), he’s travelling arund Eurpe.
4. We need t make sure that we explit (开发) ur resurces as fully as pssible.
5. We drank gallns (加仑) f cffee t keep urselves awake.
6. Her husband was murdered (谋杀) by gunmen as she watched.
7. After the bat’s mtr failed, they were at the mercy (仁慈)f the weather.
8. The pssessin (拥有) f large amunts f mney des nt ensure happiness.
9. Leading ppnents (对手) f the prpsed cuts in defence spending will meet later tday.
10. Details f the crime are then lgged (记录) in the cmputer.
11. Marine (海洋的) bilgists are cncerned abut the effects f untreated sewage that is flwing int castal waters.
12. The plice say seven peple were arrested (逮捕) fr minr ffences.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
withut mercy, have pssessin f, be hme t, arrest ne’s attentin, as well as, take actin
1. The park is hme t bears, wlves, and ther wild animals.
2. Mark was mainly interested in sprt at schl, playing rugby as well as sccer.
3. It’s high time that we shuld take actin t prtect the water resurces.
4. At the first sign f mvement, they sht withut mercy.
5. The bright clrs f the flwers arrested his attentin.
6. Hw d human beings have pssessin f healthy physique and self-cntained mentality, when enjying affluent material life?
课时素养评价
九 Unit 3 Using Language
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Change f climate must have had a pwerful influence n migratin (migrate).
2. I have in my pssessin (pssess) a letter which may be f interest t yu.
3. They have n mercy n the pr father and daughter.
4. A man is under arrest fllwing the suspicius death f his wife.
5. Fifteen millin trees had been blwn dwn by the high winds, blcking (blck) rads, paths and railway lines.
6. What makes his parents wrried is nt his grades but that he hasn’t any interest in learning.
7. Many chemicals have a damaging (damage) effect n the envirnment.
8. Bth f them have been thrugh an awful lt and hpefully (hpeful) nw I can help them rebuild their lives.
9. The audience applauded(applause) their favrite singer as she came n the stage.
10. There is nthing but criticism fr the untrue cverage(cver) f the ftball game n the website.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. They were lst at the sea, at the mercy f the wind and weather.
他们在海上迷了路, 任凭风和天气的摆布。
2. We can’t take pssessin f the huse until all the papers have been signed.
所有的文件都签字以后, 我们才能拥有这房子。
3. As I lked thrugh the bk, several printing mistakes arrested my sight.
我翻阅这本书时发现了几个印刷错误。
4. They may be able t help with childcare s that yu can have a break.
他们可以帮忙照料孩子, 这样你就可以歇一歇了。
5. Scientists have been explring space, and meanwhile manned submersibles are being imprved underwater.
科学家们一直在探索太空, 同时载人潜艇也在水下改进。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
We knw mre abut the surface f the planet Mars than we knw abut what is at the bttm f Earth’s ceans. Until recently, scientists had mapped nly abut 20 percent f the sea flr. But ur knwledge f the deep seas is changing because f infrmatin frm satellites. Scientists have prduced a new map that prvides a detailed picture f the ceans.
The new map is twice as detailed as the map made 20 years ag. David Sandwell is a gephysics prfessr at the Scripps Institutin f Oceangraphy at the University f Califrnia. He and ther scientists wrked n the mapping prject. He says they turned t space t lk deeper int the cean.
“The way we’re ding that is t use a satellite altimeter(测高仪), a radar t map the tpgraphy(地形) f the cean surface. That is because the cean surface tpgraphy is different because f gravitatinal(引力的) effects. ”
The scientists cllected and studied infrmatin frm tw satellites. One was the Eurpean Space Agency’s Cry-2 satellite that was placed in Earth’s rbit t watch sea ice. The ther satellite is the American space agency’s Jasn-1, studying the surface f the ceans. Scientists cmbined the satellite data with images gathered by equipment n ships. The equipment wrks by sending sund waves thrugh the water. When the sund waves hit an bject, its presence is cnfirmed.
The new map shws the sea flr as it has never been seen befre. It shws thusands f underwater muntains and places where cntinents pulled apart. It shws where earthquakes were active many years ag. In ne place, three muntain ridges(山脊) jin at the same area. “It’s called the Indian Ocean Triple Junctin. It’s ne f my favrite spts in the cean. Yu have three plates—the African plate, and the Ind-Australian plate and the Antarctic plate—all cnnected at this ne pint in the center f the Indian Ocean, ” says David Sandwell.
The map is a pwerful tl fr thse interested in prtecting the envirnment and fr il explratin. It als can help ships travel safely and imprve scientific prjects wrldwide. Of curse, scientists will make many mre discveries as they examine the new map and the infrmatin it prvides.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。讲述科学家绘制了海底面积百分之二十的地图, 得益于卫星传来的信息, 有助于我们对于深海的了解更加详细。
1. We can we the success f the new mapping prject t .
A. the details f the ld map
B. Eurpe’s cperatin with America
C. scientists’ cntinual measuring wrk under the sea
D. the applicatin f radar and sund wave measuring equipment
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段的The way we’re ding that is t use a satellite altimeter, a radar t map the tpgraphy f the cean surface和第四段的The equipment wrks by sending sund waves thrugh the water. When the sund waves hit an bject, its presence is cnfirmed. 可知, 我们可以把新的绘图项目的成功归功于雷达和声波测量设备的应用。故选D。
2. What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. They hped t use space technlgy t map the cean flr.
B. They wanted the satellite t prduce the map.
C. They had never explred the deeper cean.
D. They decided t search the uter space.
【解析】选A。词句猜测题。根据下文David Sandwell教授说的The way we’re ding that is t use. . . different because f gravitatinal effects. 可知, 画线部分说的是他们求助于太空来更深入地探索海洋, 也就是希望利用空间技术绘制海底地图。故选A。
3. What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 4?
A. The functin f sund waves.
B. The differences f tw satellites.
C. The difficulties f mapping the ceans
D. The prcess f mapping the cean flr.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知, 本段讲述科学家们从两颗卫星收集和研究信息。科学家将卫星数据与船上设备收集的图像结合起来。因此推断本段主要讲述绘制海床的过程。故选D。
4. The fifth paragraph is used t .
A. shw the discvery thrugh the new map
B. prve the earthquakes were active under the cean
C. explain hw the cean flr develped
D. intrduce what the underwater muntains were like
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段的The new map shws the sea flr . . . many years ag. 可知, 本段被用来展示新地图的发现。故选A。
B
“Shine in the dark” dlphins may seem like smething straight ut f a science fictin mvie. Hwever, that is precisely what Newprt Castal Adventures’ Captain Ryan Lawler and prfessinal videgrapher Patrick Cyne witnessed, when they set ut t explre the spectacular blue tides that have been lighting up the waters ff Suthern Califrnia’s cast since mid-April.
The partner scanned the cean fr hurs and was returning t shre when they sptted the “electric” dlphins swimming thrugh the blm f shining planktn(浮游生物). The videgrapher, wh had seen the phenmenn nly nce befre in a Netflix shw, says catching the scenes prved t be a lt harder than he had expected. “Fr starters, the shining planktn has sweet spts t where it shws up and then fades away, s while n the water, it’s impssible t just find it, ” Cyne says. “Als, cnditins have t be abslutely perfect fr the shining planktn t shw and fr animals t swim thrugh it s we can film it. ”
Thugh witnessing shining sea life is rare, the electrifying blue cean scenery is a fairly cmmn sight arund Suthern Califrnia between February and September. The phenmenn can be attributed t the presence f millins f planktn, which tend t gather and reprduce in large quantities in the warm castal waters during this time.
Thugh a majrity f Califrnia’s red tides are caused by planktn species that d nt prduce deadly pisn, sme algal blms(藻花)can be dangerus fr sea animals, especially when they stay fr lng perids f time. In 2018, an almst year-lng “red tide” alng Flrida’s Gulf cast caused by the excessive grwth f micralgae Karenia Brevis, killed hundreds f fish and ther sea animals.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发光的浮游生物, 以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。
5. What des the underlined phrase “sweet spts” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. A sea plant.
B. A lst wrld.
C. A perfect mment.
D. A missing camera.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由第二段中的“Fr starters, the shining planktn . . . it’s impssible t just find it, ”可知, 发光的浮游生物在它们出现和消失的地方都有自己的闪光点, “sweet spts”指的是浮游生物出现和消失的地方, 是一个完美的时刻。故选C项。
6. What is the main reasn fr the sea life shining?
A. They absrb the light in the cean and then reflect it.
B. They are surrunded by millins f shining planktn.
C. They swim thrugh the cean with electricity in large quantities.
D. They benefit frm the warm water t pwer themselves.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thugh witnessing shining sea life is rare. . . during this time. ”可知, 海洋生物发光的主要原因是, 它们被数百万闪亮的浮游生物包围着。故选B项。
7. What caused the death f sme sea animals accrding t the text?
A. Red tides.
B. Human explratin.
C. Warm water.
D. Algal blms.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段中的“Thugh a majrity f Califrnia’s red tides. . . killed hundreds f fish and ther sea animals. ”可知, 造成海洋生物死亡的原因是藻类的繁殖。故选D项。
8. In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Science.
B. Health.
C. Entertainment.
D. Educatin.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知, 文章介绍了发光的浮游生物, 以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。可以推断, 这篇说明文可能出现在报纸的科学版面。故选A项。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
Beginning with Chinese effrts t explre and cnnect with Central Asia, the Silk Rad cnsisted f massive small rutes and was named after the silk clth the Chinese prduced. 1 Thrugh these rutes, Chinese silk, prcelain, lacquer wrk and irnware were shipped t the West, while pepper, flax, spices, grape and pmegranate entered China.
2 They prmted flw f knwledge as well. Arab astrnmy, calendar and medicine fund their way t China, while China’s fur great inventins and silkwrm breeding spread t ther parts f the wrld. 3 Fr example, Buddhism riginated in India, blssmed in China and was enriched in Sutheast Asia. Cnfucianism, which was brn in China, gained appreciatin by Eurpean thinkers such as Leibniz and Vltaire. Herein lies the appeal f mutual (相互的) learning.
The ancient silk rutes witnessed the busy scenes f visits and trade ver land and ships calling at prts. Alng these majr rutes, capital, technlgy and peple flwed freely. 4 The ancient prsperus cities and prts develped, s did the Rman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdms. The Han and Tang Dynasties f China entered the glden age. The ancient silk rutes brught prsperity t these regins and cntributed t their develpment.
Sme regins alng the ancient Silk Rad used t be a land f milk and hney. Yet tday, these places are ften assciated with cnflict, crisis and challenge. 5 Nw, the Belt and Rad Initiative intends t build an pen platfrm f cperatin and a brad cmmunity f shared interests. It will nt nly achieve ecnmic grwth and balanced develpment, but als cnnect different civilizatins. Mutual understanding, mutual respect, and mutual trust amng different cuntries will be bsted.
A. Mre imprtantly, ideas were als exchanged.
B. The ancient silk rutes were nt nly fr trade.
C. Gds, resurces and benefits were widely shared.
D. Such state f affairs shuld nt be allwed t cntinue.
E. Hwever, silk was just ne f many gds traded n these rutes.
F. Large empires prvided stability and prtectin fr the trade rutes.
G. The Silk Rad was never an actual rad, r even a single massive trade rute.
【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和意义, 不仅有物资贸易, 也有知识传播和观念的交流。现在的“一带一路”提供了一个合作、均衡发展的平台。
1. 【解析】选E。此处是词汇复现线索。根据后一句“通过这些路线, 中国丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方, 而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国”可知此段说的是丝绸之路上物资的贸易。silk是词汇复现。选项E意为: 然而, 丝绸只是在这些路线上交易的许多商品之一。故选E项。
2. 【解析】选B。此处是逻辑线索和代词指代。后一句as well 表示递进关系, nt nly与as well 相关联。选项B意为: 古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易。They指代the ancient silk rutes。故选B项。
3. 【解析】选A。空后举例“Buddhism佛教、Cnfucianism儒家思想”说明丝绸之路上观念的交流。选项A引出下一句的话题, 意为: 更重要的是, 还交流了观点。故选A项。
4. 【解析】选C。此处是词汇线索。前一句“资本、技术和人员自由流动(flwed freely)”和选项C中were widely shared 意思相关联。选项C意为: 商品、资源和利益被广泛分享。故选C项。
5. 【解析】选D。此处是代词指代线索。 空前一句“然而今天, 这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”。选项D中such state f affairs 指代上一句中陈述的状况。选项D意为: 这种状况不应继续下去。故选D项。
主题活动·迁移应用
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
描写海洋的词汇
sea海; pen sea远海; cean大洋; inlet小湾; bay海湾, 湾; gulf海湾; cve湾; cape海角; prmntry, headland海角, 岬; cliff悬崖峭壁; prt, harbur(美作: harbr)港; bay, radstead碇泊; sandbank沙滩; beach海滩; strait海峡; isthmus地峡; reef礁石; key暗礁; sandbar沙洲; tide潮; wave浪; undertw回头浪; tempest风暴; grund swell 涌浪; seaquake海震, 海啸; lwwater最低水位; territrial waters领海, 领水; ice fle 冰川; ice berg冰山; shre海岸; bank河岸; estuary湖港区; delta三角洲; muth 河口; current, watercurse水流; stream, brk小溪; trrent湍流山溪; rapids急流; surce源头; spring泉; bed河床; fld洪水; flw泛滥; swelling, freshet河水猛涨, 涨水; basin流域; tributary支流; cnfluent汇合点; meander河曲; canal运河; waterfall, falls, cascade瀑布; cataract大瀑布
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
Mark: S Srie, 1. firstly, talking abut cean sprts and being n the cean (首先, 我们来谈谈海上运动以及在海上游玩). Maybe yu culd talk abut yur cean swimming experience in Ogasawara.
Srie: Yeah, I lve swimming. It’s s peaceful t be there in the cean. And the cean in Ogasawara was very clear and 2. meanwhile yu culd see s many fishes (并且与此同时, 你可以看到很多鱼类) and I’d lve t g swimming and immersed in the cean. It was like anther wrld. It was very beautiful. But later n.
Mark: What happened?
Srie: 3. It began when my friends had cme t visit and s, we went fishing (这件事发生在我朋友过来看我, 我们去钓鱼的时候). But befre they started fishing, I decided t g fr a swim. And I swam, and I culd see all the way t the bttm f the cean. 4. And at that time, I saw this fish but they were actually nt fish, they were sharks (在那时候我看到了一种鱼, 其实那并不是鱼, 那是鲨鱼). They were white-tipped sharks.
Mark: Ww.
Srie: There were fur f them at the bttm f the cean. And I just remember that ne yu have t d is t keep calm. S I did that. After that I swam ut. 5. I tld my friends, “There are fur sharks dwn there, s get me ut f here” (我告诉我的朋友们, “海底有四只鲨鱼, 快带我离开这里”). S they gt me ut f there but my heart was beating s fast. I was s scared.
Mark: Were they dangerus? Thse sharks?
Srie: Well, they’re nt dangerus. They might be able t bite a finger ff but I didn’t want that t happen either. S as sn as I saw them, I came ut f the place. Yeah, but that was s scary.
Mark: Ww. Oh, it sunds beautiful and amazing and dangerus all the same time. (1)Sea explratin has caused many prblems
▲ Mre explratin means mre (2)pllutin.
▲ (3)Mining fr resurces is very damaging.
▲ (4)Overfishing is anther prblem.
Sea explratin is imprtant fr ur (5)future.
Mre research is (6)necessary.
We need new (7)resurces fr future develpment.
(8)Envirnmental risks shuld be balanced with ecnmic needs.
The prblems f explring sea
Mre explratin means mre
(1)pllutin
▲Gallns f il is spilled int the sea
▲Plastic pllutin
Mining fr resurces is very
(2)damaging
★Climate change makes (3)ice less
★Lk fr mre fssil fuels further nrth
★The ice will melt mre
(4)Overfishing is anther prblem
Sea explratin is imprtant fr ur future.
Help address imprtant issues such as (5)climate change
Understanding mre abut the sea
Help us manage its (6)resurces better
Lgging new (7)species
Imprve ur understanding f life n the earth.
Accessing the deep cean
Help us t predict (8)events such as earthquakes
◆New resurces fr grwing (9)ppulatin
◆Mre resurces under sea and ice
◆Balance the (10)ecnmic needs and envirnmental risks
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