高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案设计

人教（2019版）必修第一册第四单元

Unit 4 Natural disasters
Period 3  Discovering Useful Structures

限制性定语从句的功能: 修饰或限定主句中的某个名词或代词(先行词)

一、定义

　　定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

1. 限制性定语从句

　　它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切, 书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语, 关系代词通常可以省略。

*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.

这里有些可以让你回到正轨的方法。

*Everything comes to him who waits.

功夫不负有心人。

2. 非限制性定语从句

　　它只是对先行词作附加补充说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。

*(2020·浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.

饥饿的狗熊跟随着嗅觉来到我们的营地, 营地被高高的铁丝围绕着。

*The contest, whose theme is “China in my eyes”, will be held in the City Library on August 18th, 2022.

这场比赛的主题是“我眼中的中国”, 将于2022年8月18日在市图书馆举行。

二、定语从句中关系代词的用法

1. who代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。

*(2020· 天津高考)“The great man, ”said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his child’s heart. ”

孟子曰: “大人者, 不失其赤子之心者也。”

2. whom代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略)。

*You are a special teacher whom I will always remember with fond memories.

你是一位很特别的老师, 我将永远记住这些美好回忆。

3. which代替指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。

*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)She wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.

她穿着特别设计的肥肥的衣服, 这件衣服让她的体重增加到了180磅。

4. that代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。

*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.

她也说道, 可能有很多其他的基因帮助巴瑶族人潜水。

5. whose代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作定语。其呈现形式为: whose + n. 。

*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.

在古代中国有一位艺术家, 他的画几乎栩栩如生。

6. as引导限制性定语从句时, 它通常要与 such, as, the same 搭配, 即构成such. . . as, the same. . . as, as/so. . . as这样的固定搭配, 同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

*I am glad to have the same medal as you have.

我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。

*A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.

电脑很有用, 我们每天都能用到。

【易错精点】the same. . . that/as区别

the same. . . that表示“同一个”(同一性)

the same. . . as表示“类似的一个, 而不是同一个”(相似性)

*This is the same watch that I lost.

这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)

*I have bought the same watch as you have.

我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的, 非同一个)

关系代词的用法与分类依据

1. 根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;

2. 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;

3. 根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语或定语。

三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析

1. 只用that而不用which 的情况

(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时

*It is the greatest achievement that we have ever made.

这是我们有史以来取得的最大的成就。

(2)先行词有序数词修饰时

*It is the first Winter Olympics that will be held in China.

这是第一届将在中国举办的冬季奥运会。

(3)先行词为all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词, 或被不定代词修饰时

*She listens attentively and tries to catch everything that the teacher says in class.

她听得很专心, 努力学会老师在课上讲授的所有内容。

(4)先行词既有人又有物时

*We like talking about the people and things that we saw in the TV play.

我们喜欢谈论在电视剧里看到的人和事。

(5)先行词前面有the very, the only, the last, the same等修饰时

*Dad and Mom, my dream is the very one that you always have.

爸爸, 妈妈, 我的梦想就是你们的梦想。

(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时

*Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.

我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。

2. 只用which 而不用that 的情况

(1)引导非限制性定语从句时

*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast.

我每个春天都喜欢读的第一本书是欧内斯特·海明威的《流动的盛宴》。

(2)在定语从句中, 关系代词前有介词时

*Our class participated in an English oral competition, in which we came first.

我们班参加了英语口语比赛, 在比赛中我们获得了第一名。

强调句与定语从句的区别

　　强调句和定语从句都是由it引导的句型结构构成的, 区别在于强调句中that不充当成分, 但不能被省略; 而定语从句中that充当成分, 并且当充当的成分是宾语时可以被省略。

*It was the student that/who asked the silly question.

就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)

*He was the student who asked the silly question.

他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)

高考链接

1.She and her family bicycle to work，___________helps them keep fit (2018·北京卷)

2. Kate, _____________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia(2018·天津卷)

3. During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes _______________allowed me to keep my high social status.(2019·全国I卷)

4. The little problems_____________we meet in our daily lives maybe

inspirations for great inventions.(2017・北京卷)

5, But Sarah,__________has taken part in shows along with top models,

wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017・全国Ⅲ卷)

6. Like anything, it is possible to have too much fat and salt,

________________is not good for the health(2017・全国卷)

Ⅰ.单词填写：

1．It is very important to keep _______ (镇静的) when an earthquake breaks out.

2．Global warming is having a great_______(影响)on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.

3．They ______ (挥手) to us to stay where we were.

4．You have the_______ (能力) to live it well.

5．You are likely to sing or _______ (吹口哨) when you are happy.

6．It was said that the ______ (台风)had caused a lot of damage.

7．In the city, the water_______ (管道) in some buildings cracked and burst.

8．What I did was (to) turn off the_______ (水龙头).

9．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued with the ______ (帮助) of the police.

10．I'm very glad that you can write me a ______ (概要) of this report.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture ______ (deliver) by a professor from the UK.

2．What's more, it is another ______ (effect) way to deal with the problem.

3．They felt it difficult _____________ (finish) the work in such a short time.

4．Today the number of people learning English in China _____________ (increase) rapidly.

5．A wonderful idea ______ (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.

6．The dustman ______ (sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.

7．The ______ (long) of the article should be about 800 words.

8．I ______________ (have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.

9．It was reported that as ______ as 157 people died at the air crash.

10．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued ______ the aid of the police.

Ⅲ.选词填空

go through； sweep away； in shock； in the open air； put up； on hand

1．They had to sleep ___________________________ after the earthquake.

2．Always have your dictionary_______________when you study.

3．I looked at my husband ______________waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.

4．We don't clean the house for a few days, because we don't want to _____________ good luck.

5．A week before Earth Day, posters were______________ around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.

6．He must have _____________ many difficulties before he succeeded.

Ⅳ.单句写作

1．我正要放弃的时候，我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。

I _________________________________________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.

2．我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。

____________________________I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift.

3．我们发现在现代社会学习一门外语是很有必要的。

We __________________________________ a foreign language in modern society.

答案：

高考链接

1.which

2.whose

3.which

4. That

5.who

6. which

Ⅰ.单词填写：

calm

effect

waved

power

whistle

typhoon

pipes

tap

aid/help

Summary

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

delivered

effective

To finish

Is increasing

struck

swept

length

was having

many

With

Ⅲ.选词填空

in the open air

on hand

in shock,

sweep away

put up

gone through

Ⅳ.单句写作

Was about to Give up when

It hit/struck Me that find

It necessary to learn