2021学年Unit 4 Natural disasters学案及答案

人教（2019版）必修第一册第四单元

Uni 4 Natural disasters

Period 1 Listening and Speaking

1. 清辅音和浊辅音的发音技巧

续表

2.  以-ed结尾的单词的发音规律

(1)在清辅音/p//t//k//f//s//h/等后读/t/, 如: watched,  marked, finished, stopped, cooked等。

(2)在浊辅音/ɡ//v//z//r//m//n/等后或元音后读/d/, 如: cleaned, played, prepared等。

(3)在/t//d/后读/id/, 如: painted, started, visited, minded等。

1. rescue 

(1) n. 援救，营救；营救行动

常见用法：come/go to one’s rescue 来/去营救某人

例：A real friend is the one who comes to your rescue in your hour of need.

其他搭配：rescue workers 救援人员

          the rescue team 救援队

（2）v. 营救；援救

常见用法：rescue…from… 把……从……营救出来

例：A rescue worker from the rescue team rescued a boy from the river.

2. damage 

(1) n. 损坏；损失; 损害赔偿金（常用复数）

常见用法：do/cause damage to 对……造成损害

例：Throwing the rubbish everywhere will do/cause serious damage to our environment.

(2) vt. 损害；破坏

常见搭配：be badly/seriously/slightly damaged 遭受严重/轻微损害

例：My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt.

3. destroy vt. 破坏，摧毁，毁灭

常见用法：be completely/totally destroyed 被彻底摧毁

         destroy one’s life/faith/hope/confidence 毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心

例：The old Summer Palace was destroyed in the fire in 1860 and a number of cultural relics were lost.

  The failure in the exam didn’t destroy her confidence and she worked harder before.

destruction n. 破坏；毁灭

destructive adj. 毁灭性的，引起破坏的

3. affect

(1) vt. 影响   to produce a change in sb.

例：My teacher affected me a lot when I was young.

(2)vt. 深深打动；使悲伤/怜悯等

Many people were affected by the death of Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice.

(3)（疾病）侵袭；使感染

例：COVID-19 affected many people around the world in 2020.

affection n. 喜爱；钟爱

have an affection for  喜爱……

affecting adj. 动人的，感人的

5. shelter

(1) n. 避难所；庇护；居所

常见用法：under the shelter of 在……的庇护下

          take shelter from 躲避……

例：The hedgehog (刺猬) took shelter from the rain under the mushroom.

They enjoyed their picnic under the shelter of a huge tree.

(2) vt. 保护；掩蔽  vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）

常见用法: shelter…from… 保护……免收……

         shelter from… 躲避……

例： Trees shelter the house from the wind.

     We sat in the shade(背阴处), sheltering from the sun.

6. ruin

(1) v. 破坏；毁坏

常见用法：ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途

例：This mistake ruined his chances of getting the offer.

(2)n. 破坏；损坏

常见用法：in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪

         go to ruin/fall into ruin 衰落；衰败

         reduce sth. to ruins  把某物夷为废墟

例：The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake.

They don’t want to see our country fall into financial ruin, or have children go hungry.

【词义辨析】ruin, damage, destroy

ruin 严重地损坏，侧重指破坏事物的内在价值。

例：The illness has ruined my life.

damage 指部分性破坏、损坏，一般还可以修复

例：You have damaged my bike; you’d better get it repaired.

destroy 彻底的破坏、损坏，一般不能或很难再修复

例：The bomb completely destroyed that building.

7. shock

(1) n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克

常见用法: in shock震惊,吃惊

例：He's still in a state of shock.

The news of his death came as a great shock to everyone.

She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.

(2) vt. (使)震惊

常见用法:It shocks sb. to see/hear...看到/听到……使某人震惊。

例：It shocked them to hear that he had gone abroad.

听说他出国的消息,他们惊讶不已。

 (1) shocked adj.惊愕的,震惊的be shocked at /by 对……感到震惊

be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊

shocked look/expression/voice震惊的表情/声音

(2) shocking adj.令人震惊的,令人憎恶的

It's shocking that....  ……是令人震惊的。

8. trap

(1) vt. 使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；使中计

常见用法：be trapped in 困在……中

          trap sb into (doing) sth. 诱使某人（做）某事

例：Jack’s friends often turned to him for help when they were trapped in trouble.

The police trapped the thief into a situation where he could not escape.

(2) n. 陷阱；圈套

常见用法： lay/set a trap for sb. 给某人设下圈套

           fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套

例：The soldiers set a trap for the enemy.

If you choose this way, you are likely to fall into a trap.

9. bury

(1) vt. 埋葬，安葬，覆盖，遮盖，掩盖

常见用法：bury…in… 把……埋到……里

          bury one’s face in one’s hands 以手掩面

例：On hearing the news, she buried her face into her hands and wept.

(2) vt. 使陷入；掩藏（感情、错误等）

常见用法： be buried in = bury oneself in… 专心致志于……

例：You’ll have to bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the exam.

10. breathe  v. 呼吸

常见用法： breathe in/out 吸气/呼气

例： His illness is a result of breathing in paint fumes（油漆气体） over many years.

     He breathed deeply before speaking again.

breath n.呼吸的空气;一次吸人的空气

out of breath气喘吁吁,上气不接下气

hold one's breath 屏住呼吸

take a deep breath深吸一口气

lose one's breath 喘不过气来

【误区警示】

lose one's breath 与 be out of breath 虽然含义相同,但是 lose one's breath表示动作, be out of breath表示状态。

11. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

常见用法：

make an effort to do sth. 尽力做某事

It takes effort to do sth.花费精力去做某事

spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事

put effort into (doing) sth.努力做某事

in an effort to do sth.为了做某事

with / without effort费力地/毫不费力地

例：They are making efforts to reduce poverty.

I will make every effort to achieve my goal.

12. suffer

(1) vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受折磨，常与from连用

常见用法： suffer from a bad cold/the loss of memory/a headache/toothache

(2)vt. 遭受，蒙受 后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience

常见用法： suffer pain/hardship/a defeat/a loss/punishment

sufferer  n. 受苦者，受难者，患病者

suffering n. 苦难，痛苦；让人痛苦的事（常用复数）

13. supply  n.& vt.

(1) n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品.

supply and command供求

the electricity/water/gas supply 电力/水/煤气供应.

medical/relief supplies医疗用品/救援物资

(2) vt. 供应;供给

supply sb./sth. with sth.

supply sth. to sb./sth.  为某人/某物提供某物

They supply the country with oil. =They supply oil to the country.他们为那个国家供应石油。

【词语辨析】supply , provide 与offer

(1) supply尤指大量供应、供给

supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb.

(2) provide强调提供所需之物

provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.·

I provide him with all his rights. 我向他提供了他的所有权利。

(3) offer强调主动提供offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.

They decided to offer Jo the job.他们决定让乔做这个工作。

14. survive

 ( 1 )vt.& vi.(经历事故、战争或疾病后)活下来,幸存(不用于被动语态)。作及物动词时其后常跟war，accident，flood, fire，earthquake，air crash 等词语。

She was the only person to survive the accident.

His doctor says it's a miracle that he has survived.

(2) vi.& vt. 从(困难)中挺过来,艰难渡过

Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.

I’ve had tough few months, but I’ll survive.

 ( 3) vi.（靠很少的钱)v继续维持生活

常见用法: survive on sth.依靠……生活

How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?

 ( 4) vt. 比……活(或存在)的时间长

常见用法：survive sb. by +时间比某人多活……

She survived her husband by ten years.丈夫去世后她又活了十年。

survival n. 幸存，生存

survivor n. 幸存者，生还者

15. strike

(1) vi. & vt. (struck , struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打

常见用法：

be struck with/by被……打动

strike... into one's heart使……刻骨铭心

It strikes/hits sb. that. (=It occurs to sb. that...)某人突然想起……

strike a match划火柴

strike twelve (钟) 敲12点

You'll be struck by her beauty the moment you see her.你一见到她,就会被她的美丽打动。

It strikes me that the man was not telling the truth.我突然感觉到这个人没有说实话。

(2) n.罢工;罢课;袭击

常见用法：

be on strike在罢工(状态）

go on strike举行罢工(动作)

end/call off a strike 结束罢工

一、课文内容填空

1、   翻译这些短语。

 1. natural disaster  __________　6. 不被理睬  _____________

 2. pass by    __________　7. 盯着看  _____________

 3. stick with   __________　8. 惊讶地  _____________

 4. sit around   __________　9. 暂时   _____________

 5. have no time to do __________　10.救生包  _____________

2、   完成句子。

1. 我们公司有20条电话线路。

Our firm has twenty _____.

2. 我们的新老板是三个孩子的父亲。

Our new ____ is a father of three.

3. 计算机屏幕应该与眼睛齐平。

Computer _______ should be at eye level.

4. 阳光融化了积雪。

The sun had ______ the snow.

5.河水泛滥淹没了河谷。

The river ________ the valley.

6.他通过了考试，情绪好多了。

_______ the exam gave him a real lift.

3、   补全短文。

Last week in Geography class, Kevin learnt that if all the ice in the North and South Poles _______, sea level around the world would rise, and many cities would be ________ and _________! Then Kevin started to ___________ it.

He ____________ a great flood last night.

It was nine o’clock in the morning. Kevin’s bedroom floor was _____

____________. He _____________ the  window and saw the water was everywhere. He tried to tell everybody about the flood. But his cries _______________. In offices and homes, people just _____ and ________ their computer _______ and had _______ to think about the flood. Very soon the water ___________ people’s homes and offices. It was too late to escape!

二、根据题意和括号内的提示语，完成下列句子。

1. We all wonder you're still ______(活着).

2. She could be _____(死的) for all I know.

3. He was _____(聋的) to my requests for help.

4. They searched far and wide for the ________(失踪的) child.

5. Do you feel a sense of connection with your ________(同类的) men?

三、根据句子的意思，用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. A great sense of relief ________(flood) over him.

2. When the test ________(pass), you got it.

3. She sat and ________(stare) at the letter in front of her.

4. She ________(notice) several small errors in his work.

5. Her voice________(awake) the sleeping child.

四、用表格里的短语完成下列句子。

1. She looked up ___________.

2. It is rude to ___________ other people.

3. OK. That's enough from me ___________.

4. I hope that our appeals will not ___________.

5. What is the lasting back-up for this ___________?

答案

一、课文内容填空：

1、

1. 自然灾害  

2. 通过；经过 

3. 持续；坚持 

4. 闲坐 

5. 没时间做…

6. fall on deaf ears  

7. stare at  

8. in surprise  

9. for now   

10. survival kit

2、

1. lines  

2. boss  

3. screens  

4. melted  

5. flooded

6.Passing

3、

1. melted    
2. flooded    
3. disappear
4. worry about  
5. dreamt about
6. a pool of water 
7. looked out of  
8. fell on deaf ears
9. sat  
10.   stare at
11.   screens    
12.   no time  
13.   poured into

二、

1. alive   

2. dead   

3. deaf 

4.missing 

5.fellow

三、

1. flooded

2.passes  

3. stared 

4. noticed   

5. awoke