必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案及答案

指代

关系代词

例句

1.人

Who、whom、that

The man _____________ is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist. （作is speaking的主语）

在会上讲话的人是一位著名的科学家。

He _________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. （作does not reach的主语）

 不到长城非好汉。

This is the famous scientist (_____________) we visited last week. （作visited的宾语）

这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。

2.物

That、which

He finally worked out the problem ______________ puzzled him for a long time.（作puzzled的主语）

他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。

The fish (______________) we bought yesterday were not fresh.（作bought的宾语）

我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。

3.人的；

物的

whose

They rushed over to help the man ____________ car broke down.（whose car=the man’s car，作定语，修饰car）

他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。

There is a mountain ______________ top is always covered with snow. (whose top=the mountain’s top，作定语，修饰top)

有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山。

4.句子

（在非限制性定语从句中）

Which、as

The weather turned out very good, ____________ was more than we could expect.（which指代“天气最后晴朗起来”，作was的主语）

天气最后晴朗起来，这是我们没有料到的。

______________ everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.（As指代“中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家”，作knows 的宾语）

每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。

1.关系代词的省略

关系代词在定语从句中作_________时，不可省略；做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。

Is he the man who /that wants to see you? (作wants的主语不可省略)

他就是那个想见你的人吗？

Hangzhou is a beautiful city(___________)I always want to visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）

杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。

Hangzhou, _____________ I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）

杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。

2.从句中代词的重复多余

定语从句中的引导词指代先行词，并在从句中作成分，从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。

判断正误

The book that I read it yesterday is very interesting.（  ）

The book that I read yesterday is very interesting.（  ）

This is the woman who I met her last time.（  ）

This is the woman who I met last time.（  ）

3.关系代词和代词的误用

定语从句的引导词要用关系代词，而不能用一般代词。

判断正误

This is the boy he told me a story yesterday.（  ）

This is the boy who told me a story yesterday.（  ）

This is the boy his father is our headmaster.（  ）

This is the boy whose father is our headmaster.（  ）

4.what不引导定语从句

定语从句中有关系代词that和which，而没有what，what可以引导名词性从句。

All that we need is a supply of oil. (that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)

What we need is a supply of oil. (what引导主语从句)

我们需要的是石油供应。

5.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）

在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用关系代词who/ whom，指代“物”，用关系代词which。

The basketball star, _____ tried to make a comeback, attracted lots of attention. 这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。

Beijing, ____________ is the capital of China, is a beautiful city. 中国的首都北京是座美丽的城市。

He has become a doctor, _________ he wanted to be.

他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。

6.介词+which/whom

先行词在从句中作介词宾语，若介词提前，指代物时，只能用which，不用that； 指代人时，只能用whom，而不用who。介词不提前时，用that/which, who /whom都可以。

I have the book about ____________ you are talking.

= I have the book (that/ which) you are talking about.

我有你现在谈论的那本书。

The man with _____________ I talked just now is from Beijing University.

= The man (who/whom/that) I talked with just now is from Beijing University.

刚才和我谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。

7.whose+n.

=the+n

+of which

=of which

+the+n.

whose+n.可与the+n +of which

互换，而且of which也可置于名词之前，名词之前必须有定冠词the。

I live in the room _________ window faces south.( whose window=the room’s window)

I live in the room the window of _________/ of which the window faces south.( the window of which= the window of the room)

我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。

8.定语从句中的主谓一致：

关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句的谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。

注意：当先行词为“one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the (only/very)one of +复数名词”时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

He is a good student ____________ likes to help others.

他是一个乐于助人的好学生。

They are good students _____________ like to help others.

他们是乐于助人的好学生。

He is one of the students __________________ praised.

他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。

He is the one/ the only one of the students ______________ praised.

他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。

1.用that，不用which的情况

①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none等或当先行词被no, some, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。

To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。

Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?

He answered few questions that were asked by the reporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。

②当先行词被the only, the very, the same等词修饰时。

That’s the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。

This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。

He still lives in the same house that we visited ten years ago. 他还住在十年前我们参观的同一座房子里。

③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。

This was one of the most interesting books ______________ were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。

The first thing ________________ should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。

I’m going to talk about the countries and people _________________ I have visited.

我要谈论一下我所访问的国家和人民。

⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。

Which is the T-shirt _____________ fits me most?

那件体恤衫最适合我？

2.用which，不用that的情况

①在非限制性定语从句中

Football, ____________ is an interesting game, is played all over the world.

全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。

②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。

This is the room in __________ my father lived last year.

= This is the room (that/ which) my father lived in last year.

这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。

1.位置上的区别：

as引导的从句可放在主句首、句末或句中。而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。

 ______________ is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

The earth, __________ is known to us all, turns around the sun.

The earth turns around the sun, ___________ is known to us all.

众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。

2.语义的区别：

as有“正如”之意，因此主句和从句语义一致，而which表示“这一点”在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，在语义上可以不一致。

Mike won the first prize, _______ was expected.

正如所料想的, 迈克获得了一等奖。

Mike won the first prize, __________ was not expected.

迈克获得了一等奖，这一点没被料想到。

1.在限制性定语从句中，先行词有such, so, as, the same修饰时，引导词用as。

比较：

I have never read the book that you have talked about. 我从未读过你谈到的这本书。

I have never read such an interesting book as you have talked about.

= I have never read so/ as interesting a book as you have talked about.

我从未读过像你谈到的这样有趣的书。

2.在非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句内容。

As we know, she is a good teacher.

我们都知道她是一个好老师。

Lily, as we expected, won the first prize in the competition yesterday.

像我们所期望的那样，莉莉在昨天的比赛中获得了一等奖。

①such/so…as…表“像……这样的……”，用来引导定语从句（as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等）

②such/so…that…表示“如此……以致……”，用来引导结果状语从句。

This is such a heavy stone __________ no one can lift.（作lift的宾语，是定语从句）

This is such a heavy stone _____________ no one can lift it. （不缺成分，是结果状语从句）

这是一块如此重的石头，没人能搬得动。

①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）

②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性）

I have bought the same watch _____________ you have.

我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）

This is the same watch ______________ I lost.

这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）