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Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks - 八年级英语下册单元重点知识点讲解及巩固练习(人教版,,含解析)
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人教英语八年级下册Unit 2知识点讲解总结及练习(含答案)
一、生词讲解
- clean up 打扫干净 动副结构,代词放中间
clean adj. 干净的,无污染的 比较级;cleaner
v. 打扫
e.g:please keep the room ______
- cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来
cheer sb up
① cheer vi"欢呼;喝彩"。
e.g: The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 当这位著名的歌手到达时,女孩子们为之欢呼。
② cheer vt."为……欢呼,高呼"。
e.g:The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。
③ cheer cn"欢呼声;喝彩声"。常用口语;Cheers! 干杯!
e.g:We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声
- give out分发;散发
① give out作"分发"=hand out 动副结构 hand in 上交
e.g:Here are some new papers. Give them out. 这儿有些新试卷,把它们发下去吧
② give out"发出(光、热等)=give off
e.g: The flowers in my garden give out/off a sweet smell. 我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道
- volunteer v. 自愿做,义务做
cn. 志愿者 e.g: She was a volunteer
① 1)volunteer to do sth自愿做某事
② volunteer for /sth
e.g: she volunteer for a dangerous task.她自愿参加危险的任务
- come up with想出;提出
come up with还可意为"追赶上;比得上"=catch up with
- put off"推迟;拖延"+n/pron/doing
e.g:We can’t put off having the meeting. 我们不能推迟召开这次会议。
常见put构成的短语:
- notice cn. 通知;公告
e.g.There is a notice on the office gate saying "No Parking"
(1) notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事
(2) notice sb. doing sth注意到某人正在做某事
- used to do sth曾经做...过去常常做...
辨析;
be used to do sth/be used doing sth
- lonely adj. 孤独的,寂寞的,荒凉的 (比较级;lonelier; 最高级;loneliest)
e.g:I feel very lonely without my dog
e.g:Living on a lonely island can be very lonely
alone、lone、lonely辨析;
lonely adj “寂寞的”、“孤寂的”,作表语/定语,带有较强感情色彩
e.g:The story is about a lonely old man and his dog.
alone adj/adv.独自的,单独的,作表语 表示客观上的一个人或没有外人,而不表示寂寞或孤独等感情色彩
e.g:He doesn„t feel lonely when he is alone
lone “单独的”、“无伴的” 作定语,有时可与表示类似意义的lonely 换用,但是lone 一般不表示“寂寞的”、“偏僻的”等义
e.g:a lone house in the field 田野中的孤屋
- care for 照顾,非常喜欢
- several pron.几个;数个;一些
adj.几个的,数个的 I bought several books today.
pron.几个,数个 They complained that the salary is too low. Several have quit working
- strong adj.强壮的,强烈的; 结实的
- satisfaction un. 满足,满意
The winner smiled with/in satisfaction.
- try out 参加选拔;试用
① try out for sth(参加运动比赛或者角色甄选)
e.g:He will try out for the football team. 他要参加足球队的选拔
② try out sth试试某物/事
e.g:Let me try out my new shoes.让我试试这双新鞋子。
- journey cn长途旅行,旅程
辨析;
journey 一般指陆地旅行,着重指“长距离的陆上的旅行”
tour 周游,最终回到目的地 a five-day tour五日游
trip (尤指短程往返的)旅行
travel: 泛指旅行的行为,而不特指某次具体的旅行。一般指长途旅行,不强调旅行的目的地
- raise
① v.筹集,募集 raise money for... raise an army 招募军队
② vt.举起 if you know the answer ,you can raise your left hand.
③ v.养育 raise a family
- midnight n.午夜,子夜
at midnight
- repair v.修理;修补
get my car repaired
- fix up 修理;装饰 动副结构
- give away 捐赠;赠送
- take after (外貌或行为)像
辨析;
① take after 外貌或者性格像,多指有血缘关系的像
② look like 应用范围最广,指外表像
- broken adj:破损的
v.break 破坏 过去式 broke
e.g:My leg is broken.
- letter n.信;函;字母
- set up 建立;设立(组织,团体,机构) set-set-se
e.g.He set up a school for the poor.(否)
set out 出发
- disabled adj 丧失能力的;有残疾的
the disabled 残疾人 the blind 盲人 the deaf 聋子
- make a difference 有影响;有作用
make a/no difference to sb
- imagine v想象;设想 imagine doing sth
n.imagination
- train v.训练;培训
un.training
① train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事
② train sb in sth 在某方面训练某人
- excited adj.兴奋的
adj.exciting n. excitement
- kindness un .仁慈,善良
kind adj 善良的 be kind to sb
n.种类,类型 all kinds of 各种各样的
kind of+adj/adv有点儿...
- understand v.理解,领会 过去式 understood
n.理解力,谅解
- change n&v改变,变化 un.零钱
- interest cn.兴趣;关注
take an interest in =be interested in
二、重点句型及知识点
- how to care for animals 如何照顾动物们
(1)句中"how to care for animals"是"疑问词+不定式"结构作宾语,可以转化成宾语从句how I can care for animals。
"疑问词+不定式"结构的用法
(1)构成;"疑问词+不定式"结构是英语中常用的一种结构。疑问词是指疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose和疑问副词when,where,how等。
(2)句法作用;这种结构在句中常作主语、宾语和表语。当此结构作宾语时,可与宾语从句进行同义转换。
(3)常见的可跟此结构作宾语的动词有tell,know,decide,show,ask,consider,discover,explain, learn,understand等。
- You could help to clean up the city parks. 你可以帮着清洁城市公园
句中could用于提出建议,比can语气更为委婉
We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制订计划
- I take after my mother. 我像我的妈妈
- I fixed it up. 我把它修理好了
- You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 你帮助我, 使我能够拥有Lucky
make+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词);句中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后置的动词不定式复合结构for me to have Lucky
it作形式宾语的用法
(1)当不定式作宾语,且其后有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将动词不定式置于句末。
e.g:We find it important to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语很重要。
(2)常跟it作形式宾语的动词有;make/find/feel/consider/think等。
- Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties. 大多数人从没考虑过这一点,但是许多人有这样的困难
- I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. 因为我不能灵活地使用胳膊和腿, 因此像接电话、开关门或提东西等这些正常的事对我来说都很困难
carry作动词,意为"拿;提;扛",后接名词作宾语,含"负重"之意
- The ideas that he came up with worked out fine. 他想出的主意效果非常好
work out意为"产生结果;发展;成功"
work out的其他含义
(1)算出/做出
e.g. The math problem is too difficult. I can’t work it out. 这道数学题太难了,我不能算出来。
(2)解决
e.g. She worked out the problem with his help. 在他的帮助下,她解决了这个问题。
(3)制定
e.g. We worked out a plan very soon. 我们很快就制订出一项计划。
三、GRAMMER
不定式
非谓语动词形式,其结构为"to+动词原形"句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等
否定式是直接在to前加上not
用法:
一、做主语
e.g. To see is to believe.眼见为实
e.g. It’s important to learn English well.(通常It 替换不定式做形式主语,避免头重脚轻)
二、表语
e.g. My job is to help the patient.
三、作宾语:
通常根据动词短语的搭配,常跟不定式做宾语的词;(begin,want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,refuse,hope,choose, decide, manage, plan. warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force)
e.g. I want to go home.
e.g. You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己
注意;不定式充当复合宾语中的宾语时先用it代替不定式,把不定式至于补语之后“think/ consider/ find/make it + adj.+ to do ”
e.g. I found it necessary to talk to him again.
四、作宾语补足语;
heip/tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite / encourage / teach / depend on等+ sb + to do sth
e.g. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
e.g. I expect you to give me some help.
五、作状语:
(1)作目的状语。
e.g. He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。
(2)作结果状语。
e.g. He woke up only to find everybody gone. 他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了
(3)在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语
e.g. I’m happy to have found many things I can do. 很高兴找到了很多我能做的事
六、定语(后置)
e.g. He has a lot of homework to do .
e.g. He is looking for a room to live in .
e.g. There is nothing to worry about.
七、不定式的省略
1> help 后面的“to”可省去
e.g. They often help the grandma (to)carry water.
2> see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后面,不定式作宾语时要省“to” (注;被动语态不省to)
e.g. I made him do his work.
e.g. He was made to do his work (by me).
3> 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.
e.g. She could do nothing but cry.
e.g. I have no choice but to go.
e.g. What do you like to do besides sleep.
4>Why.../Why not ... 表示建议,后接省略to的动词不定式
e.g.Why not visit the World Expo?
八、动词不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等特殊疑问词连用可充当主语、表语、宾语等
e.g. He didn’t know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)
e.g. How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) e.g. My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)
试一试
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The teacher often tells us _____________ (not surf) the Internet.
2. Come on! I have something important _____________ (tell) you.
3. I haven’t decided when _____________ (take) a holiday yet.
4. _____________ (be) healthy, we should eat more vegetables and fruits.
5. My job is _____________ (study) hard.
6. That is the only way we can imagine _____________ (reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom.
7. Last year, she decided _____________ (try) out for a volunteer afterschool reading program.
8. Would you like _____________ (go) and have a picnic with us tomorrow?
9. She hopes _____________ (be) a volunteer during this summer vacation.
10. Please promise _____________ (not tell) lies any more, will you?
ANSWER:
- not to surf 2.to tell 3.to decide 4.To be 5.to study 6.to reduce
- to try 8.to go 9.to be 10.not to tell
八年级下unit2重点知识点巩固及答案
一、重要词汇
- 欢呼;喝彩v.___________
- 标志;信号cn.___________
- 通知、通告 n.
注意到;意识到v.___________
- 孤独的,寂寞的 adj.___________
- 几个,数个;一些 pron.___________
- 感觉;感触n___________
- 强烈的;强壮的adj.___________
- 尤指长途旅行;行程n.___________
- 募集;征集 v.___________
- 独自;单独adv.___________
- 修理;修补v.___________
- 修理;安装v.___________
- 破损的;残缺的 adj.___________
- 轮子;车轮 cn.___________
- 信;涵;字母n.___________
- 女生;小姐n.___________
- 瞎的;失明的adj.___________
- 聋的adj.___________
- 想象;设想v.___________
- 困难;难题 n.___________
- 开;打开 v.___________
- 门 n.___________
- 拿;提;扛v.___________
- 训练;培训 n.___________
- 训练;培训v.___________
- 激动的;兴奋的 adj.___________
- 聪明的;聪颖的adj.___________
- 理解;领会v.___________
- 变化;改变v/n.___________
- 头趣;关注n.
使感兴趣;使关注v.___________
- 先生n.___________
- volunteer v. & n.___________
- satisfaction n.___________
- joy n.___________
- owner n.___________
- midnight n.___________
- disabled adj.___________
- kindness n.___________
- madam n.___________
二、重点短语
- 打扫(或清除)干净___________
- 使振奋起来,使变得更高兴___________
- 发放;分发___________
- 想出,提出(问题)___________
- 清洁日___________
- 课外学习项目___________
- 距离现在只有两周了___________
- 推迟;延期___________
- 张贴___________
- 做一些公告牌___________
- 分发;发放___________
- 制定计划做某事___________
- 打电话___________
- 在养老院___________
- 帮助解决问题;帮助⋯⋯出来___________
- 过去(曾经)常常做某事___________
- 喜欢;照顾___________
- 放弃;把⋯…让给___________
- 了解___________
- 有⋯⋯感觉___________
- 在…岁的时候___________
- 尝试;试验___________
参加⋯⋯选拔;争取成为(某组织的一员)
- 去旅行___________
- 实现___________
- 同时___________
- 挣钱___________
- 例如___________
- 为⋯⋯筹钱___________
- 停止做某事___________
停止下来去做某事___________
- 耗尽,用光___________
- 与⋯…相像___________
- 修理___________
- 赠送;捐赠___________
- 与⋯…相似___________
- 建立;设立___________
- 对⋯……产生影响___________
- 我的一个朋友___________
- 对⋯⋯感到激动___________
- 能够/不能够做某事___________
- 立刻,马上___________
- 强项是...___________
- 在某人业余时间___________
- 产生结果;发展;成功;算出;解决___________
三、完成句子
- 我们需要现在开始。
We_____ ______start now.
- 他们跟我们讲过去的生活经历和过去是什么样子。
They_______usstories______the past and________thingsused to_____.
- 有了你的帮助,我才有可能切有“幸运儿”
You______(to) make______possible______me_____ _____Lucky.
- 我不能自如地用胳膊和腿。
I can't use my arms______legs well.
- 我觉得拥有他们很幸运。
I feel_____ _____ _______them.
重点知识点答案
一、重要词汇
1.cheer 2.sign 3.notice 4. lonely 5. several 6.strong 7.feeling 8.journey 9.raise 10. alone
11. repair 12. fix 13. broken 14. wheel 15. letter 16. Miss 17. blind 18.deaf 19.imagine 20.difficulty 21. open 22. door 23.carry 24. train 25. training 26. excited 27. clever
28.understand ( understood) 29. change 30. interest 31. sir 32. 义务做;自愿做 自愿者 33.满足;满意 34.高兴:偷快 35. 物主;主人 36. 午夜;子夜 37. 丧失能力的;有残疾的 38.仁慈;善良
39. 夫人;女士
二、重点短语
1. clean up
2. cheer up
3. give out
4.come up with
5.clean up day
6. an after school study program
7. only twoweeks from now
8. put off
9. put up
10. make some notices
11. hand out
12. make plans to do sth. = plan lo do sth.
13.call up
14. in an old people's home
15. help sb.out
16.used to do sth.
17. care for
18. give up
19. learn about
20. get a feeling of ...
21. at the age of...
22. try out; try outfor
23. go on a journey
24. come true
25. at the same time
26.make money
27. for example
28. raise money for
29. stop doing sth; stop to do sth.
30. run out of
31. take after
32. fix up
33. give away
34. be similar to
35. set up
36. make adifference to...
37. a friend of mine = one of my friends
38. beexcited about...
39. be able/unable to do sch.
40. at once
41. be strong in...
42. in one's free time
43. work out
三、完成句子
1. need to.
2. told; about; how; be
3. helped; it; for; to have
4. or
5. lucky to have
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