Day 4 2022高考英语思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡

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Day 4      2022高考3500词汇阅读打卡板块一：brainstorming板块二：高频词汇词义用法精析distribute vt.使分布,分散;分发,分配;分销考点必记(1)distribute...into把……分类,把……分组distribute sth to/among...把……发给……distribute sth over...把……散布于……,把……分配到……(2)distribution n.分发,分配;分布 contribution n.贡献,促成因素;捐赠考点必记(1)make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献/捐款(2)contribute vt.&vi.捐献;捐助;是……的原因之一;贡献;投稿contribute...to...把……贡献给……;向……投稿contribute to有助于;导致(=result in/lead to);把时间投入到……多词一义：contribute to,result in,be responsible for,bring about,lead to,cause distinguish vt.区分,辨别;使具有某种特征考点必记(1)distinguish between A and B　区分A和Bdistinguish A from B　使A有别于Bdistinguish among 在……之间辨别distinguish oneself(as sth)使出众;使著名;使受人青睐(2)distinguished adj.著名的;卓著的 participate vi.参加,参与考点必记(1)participate with sb in sth与某人一起参加(做)某事participate in sth/doing sth参加(做)某事(2)participation n.参加,参与participant n.参与者;参加者 Apart  adv. 相隔；分开；分离；成碎片，分裂；独特地；除外   adj. 有分歧的考点必记fall apart土崩瓦解far/wide apart离得很远joking apart别说笑话;认真地说;说正经的set/put sb/sth apart使某人/某物显得独特take...apart把……拆开tell...apart区分;分辨(两种事物) differ vi.相异,有区别考点必记(1)differ from不同于;和……不同differ in在……方面不同differ(with sb)on/about/over sth在……上(和某人)有分歧/异议(2)difference n.差别,差异make a difference to...对……有影响tell the difference between A and B分清A和B(3)different adj.不同的,个别的be different from...in...在……方面与…… suffer vt.&vi.受苦;遭受(磨难)考点必记      (1)suffer用作及物动词,意思是“遭受,经历”,宾语一般是loss,defeat,pain,damage,insult,punishment,hardship等抽象名词。(2)suffer用作不及物动词,常与from连用,后常接the war/the flood/a headache等作宾语,说明痛苦的原因,表示“遭受苦难、病痛”。(3)suffering n. 痛苦,苦难 disturb v.搅乱,弄乱,打扰,扰乱,使(人)心神不宁(常用被动语态)考点必记(1)It disturbs sb to do sth做某事使某人不安(2)disturbed adj.困扰的be disturbed about/by/at对……感到不安(3)disturbing adj.令人不安的,引起烦恼的(4)disturbance n.干扰;骚乱 bother vi.&vt.花费时间、精力(做某事);打扰,给某人造成麻烦考点必记(1)bother with/about sth花费时间/精力做某事bother sb with/about sth因某事打扰或烦扰某人have no/much/little bother(in)doing sth做某事不费力/很费力/几乎不费力it bothers sb that...使某人感到苦恼的是(2)bother常用于交际用语。 Regard   v. 认为，看待；注视    n. 尊敬，敬佩；关注；问候，致意考点必记in regard to=with regard to关于;至于in spite of=despite 不管,尽管,无论regardless of 不管despite the fact that...不管…… refer to 谈及,提到;与……相关,涉及;查阅,参考考点必记(1)refer to sb/sth as/to be...将某人/某物称为……(2)reference n.提及,涉及;参考a reference book参考书,工具书with/in reference to关于,有关for reference以备查阅(3)refer v.提到,涉及,将某人(物)送交至…… consider考点必记(1)give consideration to...考虑……show consideration for体谅;体贴under consideration正在考虑中out of consideration for出于对……的考虑(2)consider vt.考虑;认为consider (doing) sth考虑(做)某事consider+wh-clause+to do (sth)考虑做什么consider+宾语(+to be)+adj./n./as...把……认为/看作……(3)considerate adj.考虑周到的considerable adj.相当多的considering prep.& conj.考虑到;就……而言,鉴于 view n.观看;视野;景色;观点　vt.看;(彻底地)检查,考虑;仔细观看,查看考点必记(1)be in view=be in sight在视野中be on view=be on show在展览,在陈列着in view of鉴于,考虑到,由于in one’s view=in one’s opinion在某人看来point of view观点come into view进入视野out of view不在视野中(2)view...as...将……视为…… sight  v. 看到；瞄准；观察     n. 视力；景象考点必记out of sight 看不见　at first sight 初见;乍看at the sight of 一看见……就　catch sight of 看见lose sight of 看不见lose one’s sight 失明come into sight 进入视野 absence n.缺席,不在场;不存在考点必记(1)in one’s absence/in the absence of sb在某人不在的时候absence of mind心不在焉(2)absent adj.缺席的;不在的be absent from缺席……be present at出席……(3)absently adv.心不在焉地 apart  adv. 相隔；分开；分离；成碎片，分裂；独特地；除外adj. 有分歧的考点必记(1)take apart拆开tell...apart把……区别开来(2)apart from      amount n.金额;数量    考点必记“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。“large amounts of +不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。表示“大量的”的短语有:a great deal of,a large amount of 只能修饰不可数名词a large number of 只能修饰可数名词复数a lot of,plenty of 既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词 板块三：阅读训练Passage A The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September 1st.However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management, the number of death from these hazards (危险) has been almost three times less.According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water hazards accounted for50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms, floods and extreme temperatures.However, deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.“Weather,climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change,” says WMO Secretary- General Petteri Taalas.“That means more heatwaves, droughts and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and areas of existence of the most intense tropical storms.”“Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are better than ever before at saving lives,” Taalas said.1.What do we know from the first paragraph?A.Disasters connected with weather have gone up.B.The number of weather-related disasters has decreased.C.The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.D.Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.2.What will happen according to Petteri Taalas?A.There will be more extreme weather.B.Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.C.Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.D.Humans will conquer extreme weather in the end.3.What is hopeful behind the bad news?A.Improved warning systems will save economic losses.B.Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.C.Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.D.More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.4.Where may the text be taken from?A.A novel.           B. An advertisement.             C. A magazine.             D. A guidebook.参考答案： 本文说明虽然因为极端气候会导致自然灾害的增加，但是警告系统的发展可以减少经济方面损失和人们的伤亡。1. A。直接信息题。根据第一段第一句话The number of weather- related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years…可知，与天气相关的灾难的数量在过去的50年里上升了5倍。故选A项。2. A。直接信息题。根据第三段Taalas 的话“Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change” 可知，在世界的很多地方，由于气候的变化，天气、气候以及水域方面一直都在极端化而且将会变得更频繁、更严重。故选A项。3. D。直接信息题。根据题干关键词“hopeful behind the bad news”定位到最后一段“But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.”由“ Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to asignificant reduction in deaths.”可知，改进的多危险早期预警系统可以导致人员伤亡的极大减少。故选D项。4. C。文章出处题。根据文章的题材以及内容可知，本篇文章应该刊登在杂志上。故选C项。Passage B A paper published on November 15 in Current Biology suggests that a patch (小块)of cells developed for identifying human faces, the fusiform face area (FFA),is up and running in infants(婴儿) as young as two months old.RebeccaSaxe, a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her colleagues scanned 42 infants ranging in age from two to nine months using a special functional magnetic resonance（磁共振）imaging(MRI) helmet designed specifically for babies. Data from 16 of the infants had to be thrown out because it is extremely difficult to keep them happy, still and awake for long. For the 26 remaining infants, the scientists compared activity in visual areas of the brain while they watched 2.7-second video clips that described faces, body parts, landscapes, and other objects. Results showed more activity in the areas of the brain’s visual system that are specialized for recognizing faces, bodies and scenes than areas for other observed objects.“There’s every reason to think that babies are born expecting and looking for their most important social partners,” Saxe says. “Something in their brain makes them interested in faces actually before they’ve had any experience with faces at all. Babies look toward face-like images from hours after birth.”Other researchers are not convinced by Saxe’s conclusions.” I don’t believe that there are face patches present at birth,” Livingstone says. He views experience and learning are essential for the development of the FFA.To Kalanit Grill- Spector, a psychology professor at Stanford University, the most exciting part of the new paper is not about this question of learned versus inborn development. “I think the study is kind of attempting to address this question,but it doesn’t really provide a perfect answer one way or another What impressed me is the amount of babies that they’ve scanned and with a lot of new innovations in baby fMRI,” she says. “That’s going to push the field forward.”1.Why were the data from the 16 infants abandoned?A.Because the infants didn’t watch the video clipsB.Because the infants made no response to the objectsC.Because the infants couldn’t focus on objects for some time.D.Because the infants were unwilling to wear helmets for long.2.How did the researchers get the results?A.By listing figures.             B. By asking questions.C.By analyzing reasons.          D. By making comparisons.3.Which statement would Rebecen Saxe probably agree with?A.Infants can process facial patterns and give them meaning.B.Specialized areas for recognizing faces are present at birth.C.Some abilities of the visual system are gradually developed.D.Experience and learning are essential for the development of the FFA.4.Which word best describes Grill-Spector’m attitude to the way of the research?A.Objective.          B. SkepticalC.Favorable.         D. Disapproving参考答案：一篇出版的文章介绍了两个月大的婴儿能够辨别人类的面部。1. C。间接信息题。根据题干定位到第二段第二句Data from 16 of the infants had to be thrown out because it is extremely difficult to keep them happy, still and awake for long，可知16个婴儿因很难让他们开心、保持专注以及长时间清醒而退出了测试，故答案选C项。2. D。间接信息题。根据题干定位到第二段For the 26 remaining infants, the scientists compared activity in visual areas of the brain，可知通过比较获得检测数据，故答案选D项。3. B。观点态度题。理解第三段第一句There’s every reason to think that babies are born expecting and looking for their most important social partners,” Saxe says.” Something in their brain makes them interested in faces actually before they’ve had any experience with faces at all可知，Saxe认为有充分的理由认为，婴儿是在期待中出生的，并在寻找他们最重要的社会伴侣。在他们对脸有任何经验之前，他们大脑中的某种东西让他们对脸感兴趣。可知答案选B项。4. C。观点态度题。根据题干定位最后一段最后一句That’s going to push the field forward，可知Grill-Spector’m认为该项研究推动了这个领域的进步。故答案选C项。Passage C Friendships can bring joy or sorrow.  1  ，we talked to researchers，authors，and therapists to learn how to manage the common relationship difficulties we all face.Broken promisesFriends are vital for our physical and mental well­being but these relationships aren’t always smooth sailing.  2  .And a major way this happens is through broken promises.Perhaps he canceled plans at the last minute or she declined to take part in an important party.  3  ，the first thing to do is remember that no one is perfect，says Jan Yager，PhD，friendship coach.  4  “Sometimes jealousy reveals our deepest desires，”says Dr.Yager.“Healthy envy can motivate you to become better and be inspired by your friend’s success，”she says.She points out that it could be the other way around as well：Your friends might be jealous of you.Feeling left outThere’s no worse feeling than when you check Facebook Monday morning to find out that your friends went on a weekend getaway without you.Scott Christnelly，a therapist，says，“I encourage clients to express their feelings about it but also not to jump to conclusions.” Then find someone else to talk to—maybe a family member，or a close friend(not one who went on the trip)—to explain how you feel.  5  .A．Experiencing envyB．But while it may be painfulC．Stopping to feel jealous of themD．Friend breakups can be just as painful as a romantic splitE．In fact，it’s common to experience some serious hurt from your friendsF．Since there’s no rule book on what to do when things get tense or go southG．Maybe through that conversation，you can brainstorm how you will respond参考答案：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些如何处理我们大家常见与朋友相处时常见的难题的方法。1.根据后文we talked to researchers, authors, and therapists to learn how to manage the common relationship difficulties we all face.（我们与研究人员、作者和治疗师交谈，学习如何处理我们共同面临的人际关系难题。）作者请教了一些专业人士，他们寻求建议可知，此处指遇到这样的事很多人不知怎样应对。故答案为F，意为：因为当事情变得紧张或糟糕的时候，没有什么规则可循。故选F。2.此句为解释说明句。根据上文“Friends are vital for our physical and mental well-being but these relationships aren’t always smooth sailing.”（朋友对我们的身心健康至关重要，但这种关系并不总是一帆风顺。）”（与朋友的）关系并不总是一帆风顺的，可知，与朋友相处时，人应该会有挫折，故E选项“事实上，经历一些来自朋友的严重伤害是很正常的。”符合上下文语境。故选E。3.此句是对前面句子的解释说明。根据前面“Perhaps he canceled plans at the last minute or she declined to take part in an important party.（也许他在最后一刻取消了计划，或者她拒绝参加一个重要的聚会）”被朋友放鸽子，或者被人拒绝，这些都是痛苦的经历，故B选项“虽然这可能是痛苦的。”符合上下文语境。故选B。4.此句为主旨大意，根据下文“Sometimes jealousy reveals our deepest desires,” says Dr. Yager.（“有时候，嫉妒揭示了我们内心深处的渴望，”耶格尔博士说。）可知本段主要说明与朋友交往时出现的一些问题，朋友间会彼此嫉妒。故A选项“经历嫉妒”符合上下文语境。故选A。5.根据上文“Then find someone else to talk to — maybe a family member, or a close friend (not one who went on the trip)—to explain how you feel.（然后找其他人来解释你的感受——也许是你的家人，或者是你的好朋友(不是去旅行的人)。）”可知本句为说明谈话的效果，故G选项“也许通过这次谈话，你可以集体讨论你将如何回应。”符合上下文语境。故选G。