Day 1 2022高考英语思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡

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Day 1      2022高考3500词汇阅读打卡板块一：brainstorming 板块二：高频词汇词义用法精析debate n.辩论,讨论　vt.争论,思考　vi.商讨,辩论考点必记(1)debate about/on/over sth关于……的辩论debate whether to do sth/debate whether+从句 考虑/讨论是否……(2)have a debate进行讨论/辩论under debate在讨论中beyond debate无可争辩a heated debate激烈的辩论discuss    v. 讨论，商量；阐述考点必记discuss v. discuss sth with sbdiscussion n. under discussion have/ hold a discussion occur   vi (occurred, occurred) - happen 发生考点必记1).When exactly did the accident occur?  事故到底是什么时候发生的？2). Sth occurred to/hit/struck sb.  出现在头脑中，被想到 The idea occurred to him in a dream.   他在梦里想到了这个想法。3).It occurred to me that....某人突然想到...It occurred to me that I had left my keys in the room.  我突然想到，我把钥匙留在房间里了。It didn’t occur to her to ask for help.        她没有想到要寻求帮助。 declare  v.公布，宣布；声明，断言考点必记(1)declaration n.断言,宣称,宣布,宣告,声明(2)declare war against向(某国/不好的事)宣战declare for/against sth表态支持/反对某事declare sb/sth to be宣布某人或某事是……declare that 宣布…… defend vt.保卫,防御;辩解,辩护考点必记①defend sb/sth保护某人/某物defend against/from保卫;抵抗②defence n.防卫,防卫设备,辩护defensive adj.防御的,防卫的in defence of保卫……;为……辩护 taste   n. 味道；味觉；一小口；体验；品味；爱好      v. 尝出/有…味道；品尝考点必记I don’t like the taste of olives    我不喜欢橄榄的味道I have lost my sense of taste.     我已经失去了味觉。Taste it and you will find it delicious.  尝一尝，你会发现它很美味。 demand vt.要求,请求　n.需要,需求考点必记①demand to do sth要求做某事demand that...要求……in demand有需要,受欢迎on demand一经要求make demands on/of对……提出要求demand for需要……②demanding adj.要求高的 command n.[C]命令,指令;[U]指挥　vt.& vi.命令;指挥;支配考点必记at one’s command 可自由使用;可支配;奉某人之命in command of指挥;统帅under one’s command 由……指挥;支配take command of掌控,指控have a good command of很好地掌握,精通command sb to do sth命令某人做某事command that...(should)do...命令……做…… request n.& vt.请求;要求考点必记①make a request for sth./that... 请求;要求……at one’s request 应某人的要求②request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事③request that...(should) do sth. 请求……It is requested that ...(should) do sth.据要求…… requirement n.需要;要求考点必记①satisfy/meet one’s requirements满足/达到某人的要求②require vt.需要;要求require doing/to be done需要做require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事require that...(should)do sth.要求……做某事 depend on 根据,依据;依靠考点必记depend on doing sth指望做某事depend on sb to do sth指望/信赖某人做某事depend on sb/sth for依赖……(提供资金、帮助等)depend on it that指望……depend on+wh-clause/how-clause取决于That depends./It(all) depends.那得看情况。 design n.& v.设计,计划,构思,图案考点必记①design sb/sth to do sth打算让……从事……design sb/sth for...打算让……用作某种目的be designed for/to do sth计划做;打算用来做by design故意地②designer n.设计者,设计师 significance n.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义考点必记①be of significance=be significant to对……重要attach significance to认为……重要/重视②significant adj.重要的;明显的③significantly adv.重要地 determine vt.决心,决意,确定,决定考点必记determine sb against sth使某人决定不做某事determine+从句 决定……determine to do sth决定做某事be determined to do sth下决心做某事be determined that...下决心……determine on决定……,对……下定决心determination n.决心;确定;决定 devote vt.投身于;献身于,专心致志于(与介词to连用)考点必记①devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给……,把……用于……devote oneself to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事;献身于(做)某事be devoted to (doing) sth献身于(做)某事,专心于(做)某事②devotion n.关爱;奉献;专心devoted adj.忠诚的,全心全意的 elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人考点必记①elect sb.as/to be+职位(职位前无冠词)　选某人当……elect to do sth.选择/决定某事②election n.选举 decrease n.减少;减少量　v.减少,降低考点必记decrease sth使……减少decrease in...在……(方面)降低/减少decrease by...减少了……decrease to...减少到……on the decrease在减少 drop  v. 落下；（使）降低；使掉下；累倒；中途放下；停止；把…除名；急剧倾斜而下；给…送到；断绝往来n. 滴；少量；减少；糖豆；落差；空投考点必记drop behind/back落后,后退,落在……后面drop by/in/round顺便访问drop off (数量、兴趣等)下降;小睡;打盹儿;(让人)下车drop sb a line给某人写信drop in at a place顺便参观某地drop in on sb非正式访问某人;顺便拜访某人 destroy vt.破坏,毁坏考点必记①destroy one’s hope/confidence 毁掉某人的希望/自信completely/totally destroyed彻底毁掉②destroyer n.破坏者destruction n.破坏;毁坏;消灭destructive adj.毁灭性的;造成破坏的[词汇辨析]①destroy“彻底毁坏”,不能修复使用,有完全毁灭的意思。②damage“损坏”,可重新修好使用。③ruin“破坏,毁坏”,和destroy意义接近,还可指对美好的经历或希望等抽象事物的破坏,如梦想、未来、假期等的毁掉。④harm一般指对身心健康、名誉的损害。⑤hurt为普通用词,可以用以指对人身体的伤害,也可用以表示对人情感的伤害 develop v.发展，壮大； 疾病开始侵袭；冲洗考点必记developed & developing&development She developed the company from nothing.  她从一无所有到发展了这家公司。I had the film developed.                 我让人开发了这部电影。 Her son developed asthma when he was two develop a habit 她的儿子在两岁时患上了哮喘。养成一个习惯with the development of science and technology       随着科学技术的发展板块三：阅读训练Passage A A quarter of people make at least one New Year’s resolution, and most of those good intentions end in disappointment. Rationally speaking, I January should be no better than any other day to make a life change, so why put the needless pressure on ourselves to ‘upgrade’ our lives at the opening of a new calendar?Recent psychological research, however, suggests that there are many good reasons. People tend to see life as a story, which is divided into separate “chapters” that mark the different stages of our life. Your mind can also split those major chapters into smaller parts. “Any time you come to a major life event, your mind creates a sense that you have a fresh start, you’re turning the page.” says Milkman, a psychology professor. This helps you to create psychological distance from past failures, allowing you to feel that any mistake was the “old you” and that you’ll now do better.The way you make your resolutions could make a difference. Per Carl bring recently tracked the progress of 1,066 people who made New Year’s Resolutions. He categorised their intentions into two classes. Some were “avoidance goals”—which involved quitting something like sweets or social media. The others were “approach goals”—which involved adopting a new habit—such as swimming twice a week. On average, the participants were about 25% more likely to meet their approach goals than the avoidance goals. “Instead of stopping things, you should start doing things,” he concludes.Fortunately, Carl bring says we can often turn an avoidance goal into an approach goal. Supposing you want to lose weight, “Instead of saying that I want to stop eating a candy bar every day, I might instead say that I want to start eating carrots each afternoon,” he saysYou’ll still need perseverance, of course — but Milkman and Carl bring both argue that we should before giving of the failure. “If you face a setback, you can always try to look for another milestone that might mark a new beginning. If you’ve started to founder in February, for example, you might make a new commitment to start again at the beginning of March—a small act of restarting should give you the fresh-start effect again.1.Why do people make New Year’s resolutions         A. It helps avoid mistakes.                     B. It ensures a better selfC. It separates us from past failure.              D. It serves as a reminder of success2.What do we know about the “approach goals”        A. They include quitting bad habits.             B. They are more achievableC. They enjoy a higher popularity.              D. They are harder to stick to3.What does the underlined word “founder” in paragraph 5 probably mean        A. Fail.          B. Succeed.           C. Change.       D. Hesitate.4.What’s the author’s attitude to New Year’s resolution?A. Short-sighted.  B. Wait-and-see.       C.Favourable.     D. Skeptical.参考答案：本文是说明文,文章讲到四分之一的人会做新年愿景,但大部分都是美好的打算,失望的结局文章从最新的心理研究中找到了原因,并给出了建议。1.C。直接信息题。根据第二段最后一句This helps you to create psychological distance from past failures可知，这能帮助你创造远离过去的失败的心理距离,故答案选C项。2.B。直接信息题。根据第三段第六句On average, the participants were about25% more likely to meet their approach goals than the avoidance goals可知，比起避免目标,参与者平均大约25%更能达到临近目标。故答案选B项。3. A。词义猜测题。根据题干定位到第五段for example, you might make anew commitment to start again at the beginning of March3月的开头你可能要做心得承诺,再次开始。理解可知答案选A项。4. 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知,作者对新年愿景的态度是支持的,故答案选C项。Passage B I became aware of my stutter (结巴)when I was around 9, in the fourth grade. I began to see how other people viewed me. When the teacher asked the whole class questions, I never raised my hand though I knew the answer, because I knew I would stutter. Some kids would tell me that I talked funny, ask why I didn’t talk normally, or laugh at me. As soon as that started to happen, I became more introverted(内向的).It wasn’t until the summer of 2015. before freshman year at high school. All my friends and my parents encouraged me to join the high school football team. I owed much to them, especially Coach Lane who taught me how to play football. He took the time —and had the patience — to actually teach me what to do, how to do it and how to understand the concepts of play.In junior year, I started my first game for the high school team. I had a very good season and, in January 2018, I signed the University of North Carolina.The older we get, the more of an understanding we have about the world and other people. So the first time my teammates in college heard me talk and heard that I stuttered, they did not say a thing. That was a big deal to me because I was so used to people making comments. My teammates actually tell me to slowdown because talking faster causes me to stutter more. It’s really helped me develop confidenceWhenever I go back home to Georgia, I volunteer with children at my church, including those who have learning disabilities.I like to do that to inspire them with confidence. I had confidence issues when I was a kid because of my stutter, so I just don’t want them to have to go through what I did. In the future, I would like to start a foundation to giveback to people who stutter and create a program where kids all across the world who have a stutter can have a safe space.1.Why did NOT the author raise his hand in class?A.He didn’t know the answer.B.He was too shy to speak in public.C.He was upset about kids’ comments.D.He showed no interest in the question.2.What was one cause of the author’s decision to play football?A.Guidance from coaches.        B. Great interest in footballC.Expectations from parents.      D. Encouragement from friends3.Which of the following best describes the author?A.Grateful and caring.B.Helpful and talkative.C.Athletic and generous.D.Confident and patient.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.An Unconfident ChildB.An Introverted VolunteerC.An Admirable CoachD.An Inspiring Footballer参考答案：本文主要介绍了作者小时候因结巴而被同学嘲笑，从而失去了信心。后经过家人朋友鼓励加入足球队，改变了结巴的习惯，立志要帮助结巴的人。1.C。是非判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第三、四句，I never raised my hand though I knew the answer, because I knew I would stutter. Some kids would tell me that I talked funny, ask why I didn’t talk normally, or laugh at me. As soon as that started to happen, I became more introverted。可知作者因结巴而受到同学嘲笑，从而即使知道答案也不举手，变得更加内向。故答案选C项。2.D。直接信息题。根据题干定位到第二段二句All my friends and my parents encouraged me to join the high school football team。可知在得到家人朋友的鼓励后，我加入了足球队。故答案选D项。3.A。观点态度题。根据第二段最后一句He took the time-and had the patience-to actually teach me what to do, how to do it and how to understand the concepts of play，可知对于教练的付出作者十分感激。再根据最后一段可知，作者以后立志要帮助那些结巴的人，可知他是有爱心的人，故答案选A项。4.D。标题判断题。本文主要介绍了作者小时候因结巴而被同学嘲笑，从而失去了信心。后经过家人朋友鼓励加入足球队，改变了结巴的习惯，后做志愿者，鼓舞那些与他一样有学习障碍的孩子们。故答案选D项。Passage C Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load.    1   . It can ease your mind and quicken your pace. The findings show that natural settings may potentially reduce cognitive (认知的) tiredness and improve reaction times straight away.    2   The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15-metre room at their natural speed. The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene.    3    On the whole, when walking in city settings, people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace, indicating a higher cognitive load.    4   In the trial, participants were asked to distinguish between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image (the same ones from the first experiment). Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes.    5   Our brains take longer to process. However, more research is needed to prove that idea. A. Nature influences us in many ways. B. The second dug into some higher-level cognitive processes. C. A walk through nature does the opposite. though. D. They said they couldn’t concentrate properly after walking. E. After each. participants were asked to rate their discomfort. F. The reason is that urban environments are more distracting. G. The study includes two experiments with two different approaches.参考答案：1. C。设空句处于段中，需关注前后逻辑关系和词汇对应。文中第一句提到城里散步不同于公园散步。紧接着先阐明城里散步的研究结果，那么接下来应是对在”自然中散步”的情况进行对比，然后才能接下一句，故C符合题意。2. G。根据全文以及第二段第一句可知37空需要一个概括这两个实验的句子，故选G。3. E。根据此段对第一个实验的描述，特别是”to watch them repeatedly walk down a15-metre room at their natural speed”, 以及38空后句中的”people reported that they felt more uncomfortable”可知，参与者被要求报告他们在两种环境下不舒适度的感受。故选E。4. B。根据第一段段尾和第二段段首”The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. “对两个实验的提及可以推断出这里讲的是第二个实验，”higher-level cognitive’”是解题的关键字眼，和第一个实验形成递进关系，故选B。5. F。此句是对参与者在两种环境下散步产生差异性的分析。F选项分析了原因，故选F。