【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题13：六选四阅读 -精讲精练（上海用）

这是一份【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题13：六选四阅读 -精讲精练（上海用），文件包含备战2023高考英语全复习专题13六选四阅读高分技巧-精讲精练上海用解析版docx、备战2023高考英语全复习专题13六选四阅读高分技巧-精讲精练上海用原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。

►专题13 六选四阅读高分技巧+高考题型组合练
_________________________________________________________________________________________
考点精讲







【考情链接】
六选四阅读文章一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。

【要点梳理】
Ø 考点一：

1、结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断
1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句或承上启下作用。
这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
【例题】(2022徐汇二模)
____68____ She argues the process of discovering and pursuing beauty itself is a process that nourishes the body and mind. In her opinion, the value of something lies in the enhancement of its quality. Every piece of clothing, skincare or furniture has a unique meaning, even if it is not that deep, as long as it can bring happiness to people. Shopping should not be narrowly seen as a simple way of feeding emotions, rather she encourages people to spend rationally and within their means.
A. Fang writes that the pursuit of beauty is productive.
C. She aims to capture the coziness of women’s homes and their lifestyles through the camera.
D. Fang shares her journey and tips from a woman’s perspective.
【答案】68. A
【解析】由后文的“She argues the process of discovering and pursuing beauty itself is a process that nourishes the body and mind. In her opinion, the value of something lies in the enhancement of its quality. Every piece of clothing, skincare or furniture has a unique meaning, even if it is not that deep, as long as it can bring happiness to people. Shopping should not be narrowly seen as a simple way of feeding emotions, rather she encourages people to spend rationally and within their means.（她认为发现和追求美的过程本身就是一个滋养身心的过程。在她看来，某物的价值在于其品质的提升。每一件衣服、护肤品、家具，都有着独特的意义，哪怕没有那么深刻，只要能给人带来快乐就可以。她认为购物不应被狭隘地视为一种简单的情感宣泄方式，而是鼓励人们理性消费，量入为出。）”可知，A项“方写道，对美的追求是富有成效的”能够概括该段落内容，是本段的主题句，后文提到的理性购物也是发现和追求美的过程，与上文连接通顺。故选A项。

【例题】(2022金山二模)
Beyond the cottage windows the world is white and still. Snow-covered mountains stretch to the sea. It’s only 2 p.m., but already the light is fading, bathing the scene in a mysterious blue.
____67____ But instead of joining an organized and pricey aurora trip with a tour guide, I’m here on a DIY long weekend with friends.
C. There’s little light pollution here, but the night is cloudy and a little cold.
D. When we hike south along the river, the moon hangs above the peaks in the sky.
E. It’s the appeal of the Arctic winter that has brought me to the very north of Norway in January.
【答案】67. E
【解析】根据下文“But instead of joining an organized and pricey aurora trip with a tour guide, I’m here on a DIY long weekend with friends.(但是我没有参加一个有导游的有组织的昂贵的极光之旅，而是和朋友在这里DIY一个长周末。)”可知，空处和下文存在转折关系。选项E“It’s the appeal of the Arctic winter that has brought me to the very north of Norway in January.(是北极冬天的魅力让我在一月份来到了挪威最北部。)”承上启下，说明虽然受到北极之美的吸引，但是并没有跟团旅游。故选E。

2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。
A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
【例题】(2022宝山二模)
For up-and-coming artists, busking (街头卖艺), or street performance, is a great way to spread awareness of their talent. They may leave business cards out when they perform or sell CDs. Busking is also a way to practice playing in front of a crowd. ___68___.
A. But street performers often help each other out
B. And on a good day, artists can earn a good amount of money
C. Their purpose of performing is to make themselves known to others
D. Most, however, leave a hat or an instrument case out for tips
【答案】68. B
【解析】根据空前“For up-and-coming artists, busking (街头卖艺), or street performance, is a great way to spread awareness of their talent. They may leave business cards out when they perform or sell CDs. Busking is also a way to practice playing in front of a crowd.(对于崭露头角的艺术家来说，街头表演是传播他们才华的一种很好的方式。当他们表演或卖CDs的时候，他们可能会把名片留下。街头表演也是在人群面前练习演奏的一种方式)”可知空前是在讲街头表演对于崭露头角的艺术家的好处，空处位于段末，对本段内容进行总结，B项“And on a good day, artists can earn a good amount of money.(运气好的时候，艺术家可以赚很多钱。)”符合上下文语境。故选B项。

B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。
【例题】(2022青浦二模)
Stuart Duncan got the idea through a popular blog he ran about his own experiences with autism as well as bringing up a son with autism. Other parents with autistic children started telling him that their kids were crazy about a game that let them explore a randomly generated wilderness. ____67____
So, in 2013, Duncan, a web developer in Timmins, Canada, set up a server to run a version of Minecraft exclusively for children with autism and their families.
D. She has spent 60 hours inside this virtual world, watching how the kids play and chat to one another.
E “Autcraft” builds from the interests and passions of people with autism rather than trying to redirect or surprise them.
F. However, despite loving the game, many of the children were being bullied by other players.
【答案】67. F
【解析】空格前说“Other parents with autistic children started telling him that their kids were crazy about a game that let them explore a randomly generated wilderness.(其他有自闭症孩子的父母开始告诉他，他们的孩子非常喜欢一款让他们探索随机生成的荒野的游戏。)”，空格后说“So, in 2013, Duncan, a web developer in Timmins, Canada, set up a server to run a version of Minecraft exclusively for children with autism and their families.(因此，在2013年，加拿大Timmins的网页开发者Duncan建立了一个服务器，专门为自闭症儿童及其家庭运行一个版本的Minecraft。)”，因此空格处应说为什么会产生专为自闭症儿童设计的Minecraft，F选项“However, despite loving the game, many of the children were being bullied by other players.(然而，尽管很喜欢这个游戏，很多孩子还是被其他玩家欺负。)”是Duncan专为自闭症儿童设计游戏的原因，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。

3）若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。
【例题】(2022松江二模)
From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ___70___ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders.
A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females.
B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too?
C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone.
【答案】 70. A
【解析】根据上文“From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news?(由此可见，既有好消息，也有坏消息。这个坏消息？)”可知，本句承接上文说明坏消息是什么，故A选项“饮食失调领域必须根据只包括女性的研究来治疗男性”符合语境，故选A。

Ø 考点二：
2、逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断
1）因果关系 (Eg: As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such)…)
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。
2） 转折关系 (Eg: However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/in spite of/on the contrary /in contrast /by contrast/ in comparison/otherwise/not...but)
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
3）并列关系 (Eg: first/second/third/to begin with/to conclude)
并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。
4）递进关系 (Eg: also/ furthermore/ similarly/ moreover/ in addition/what’s more）
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
5） 例证关系 (Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is …)
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。

【典例1】The Bottom Line. ________70________ Consumer Reports recommends that adults eat no more than 1 to 2 cups of cooked (brown or white) rice a week. And here is a way to lessen risk: Rinse your rice, cook it in six parts water to one part rice until it reaches eating texture, and then pour off the extra water. This can remove about half the arsenic.
D. Until more studies are done, curb your consumption of arsenic.
F. Brown rice tends to have more arsenic because the metal concentrates in the outer layers, which are burnished off in white rice.
【解析】D。总起句为The Bottom Line.底线，而后文又提及到一系列具体做法，前后句为例证关系，所以判断为D，直到更多相关研究出来之前，控制你自身对于砷的消耗。

【典例2】"People tend to think in an either-or way. If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too," says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. . Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window. That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day.
C. Act in an optimistic way: smile, laugh, tell a joke.
D. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you' re setting yourself up for feeling down all day.
F. Being grateful and happy aren't always easy.

【解析】D。根据后句Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window.可知该空要填的句子应与instead内容相反，所以选D.

【典例3】Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety－five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _________.
►►A.That kept cities very small.
【分析】A 空格的上一句话提到了，即使在先进的农业社会，也需要大约95个农民养活5个城市人，这只有一个结果，就是使得城市很小，与A项信息呼应，前后句为因果关系。

【典例4】Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. ________. Today, instead of needing ninety－five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non－farmers.
►►F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.

【解析】F。解析　空格前面的一句话提到，在过去的两个世纪里，工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡。后一句话提到，现在的情况不需要95个农民养活5个城市人了，在美国一个农民就能养活一百多个非农民，与F项信息，即：“现代化把人们吸引到城市里来，并使得农民更加多产”一致。前后文为递进关系。

【典例5】Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself. _________. However: if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.
B. You'll fail to appreciate more important things in your life.
E. You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated.
【解析】E。根据By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.及空格后However: if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.可知空格应与前句构成并列与后句构成转折关系，所以选E.

Ø 考点三：
3、词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断
1）代词
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。
【例题】(2022宝山二模)
If you’re a musician and want to busk, have a variety of songs ready. This is especially important if you're performing in front of a shop or a seating area. Playing the same three songs over and over will get annoying really quickly. One performer recommends having at least an hour’s worth of music prepared.
Finally, have fun. Remember to look up, smile and interact with your audience wherever you are. ___70___.
D. Most, however, leave a hat or an instrument case out for tips
E. This will make the show more enjoyable for them and for you
F. In this way, they’re likely to be mature more quickly
【答案】70. E
【解析】
根据空前“Finally, have fun. Remember to look up, smile and interact with your audience wherever you are.(最后，玩得开心。无论你身在何处，都要记得抬头，微笑，与听众互动。)”可知段首句在讲街头艺术家们在表演时应该注意的事情，所以接下来应该总结这样做的好处。而且E项“This will make the show more enjoyable for them and for you.(这将使他们和你的表演更愉快。)中的“This”指代空前整句话的内容，符合上下文语境。故选E项。

【例题】(2022虹口二模)
From mountain peaks to ocean depths, biologists are planting audio recorders to eavesdrop (窃听) on the whistles and songs of whales, elephants, bats and especially birds. This summer, for example, over 2,000 electronic ears will record the sound scape of California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range. ____47____
B. They altogether will generate nearly a million hours of audio.
C. These machine-learning AI systems still have room for improvement.
D. Such recordings can create valuable snapshots (简介) of animal communities.
【答案】47. B
【解析】上文“This summer, for example, over 2,000 electronic ears will record the sound scape of California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range.(例如，这个夏天，超过2000只电子耳将会记录加利福尼亚州内华达山脉的声景)”提到这个夏天会有2000只以上电子耳记录内华达山脉的声景，B项“They”指代上文提到的“over 2,000 electronic ears”，B项“generate nearly a million hours of audio(生成将近一百万小时的音频)”是上文“record the sound scape of California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range”的结果，所以B项符合题意。故选B项。

2）同义词/反义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。

【例题】(2022浦东二模)
____69____ During the voyages from shores to shores, and inside the ships, we can find clues to a history little discussed, to stories that have been lost in the depths. We can begin to assemble long-lost threads that help us better understand our obligation to the past and to each other.
E. The information we gather from the depths tells a more inclusive history of us.
F. Unfortunately, the work can take place at sites home to marine life that shouldn’t be disturbed.
【答案】 69. E
【解析】
根据下文“During the voyages from shores to shores, and inside the ships, we can find clues to a history little discussed, to stories that have been lost in the depths.(在从一个海岸到另一个海岸的航行中，在船的内部，我们可以找到很少被讨论的历史的线索，以及在深海中消失的故事)”可知，本段讲述DWP成员在海底进行搜寻和记录工作的意义，E项“我们从海底收集到的信息讲述了我们更广泛的历史”符合语境。E项中的history与下文的history呼应。故选E项。

【例题】(2022黄埔二模)
Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns, which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some of us found it easier than others to adapt our routines to do many activities from home. ____70____ Others, however, struggled and eventually became more inflexible in their thinking. They stuck to the same routine activities, with little flexibility or change.
D. It is essentially about learning to learn and being able to be flexible about the way you learn.
E. That’s because people who are cognitively flexible are better recognizing potential faults in themselves and using strategies to overcome these faults.
F. Such flexible people may also have changed these routines from time to time, trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day.
【答案】 70. F
【解析】上文“Some of us found it easier than others to adapt our routines to do many activities from home. (我们中的一些人发现能够比其他人更容易地在家里做许多活动来调整我们的日常生活)”说明这些人在日常生活中更具灵活性，选项F“这些灵活的人也可能会不时地改变这些日常活动，试图找到更好、更多样化的方式来度过他们的一天”承接上文，对上文作进一步解释，说明这些灵活的人会改变日常生活更好地度过一天，引出下文“Others, however, struggled and eventually became more inflexible in their thinking. (然而，其他人却在挣扎，最终在他们的思维上变得更加僵化)”转折语义，说明对应灵活的人，还有其他思想僵化的人。选项中routines和上文routines词汇重叠，语义一致。故选F项。

3）同一范畴词（上下义词或平行词）
平行词是指词义范畴平行并列；上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

【例题】(2022嘉定二模)
First, you need to understand the different types of conflict, which can essentially be broken down into two categories: internal and external conflict. ____69____ An external conflict is one in which the character faces a challenge with an external force, like another character, an act of nature, or even society.
A. So how do you best create conflict?
B. From there, we can break down conflict into seven different examples.
D. An internal conflict tends to be one in which the main character struggles with himself, such as a decision he needs to make or a weakness he has to overcome.
E. When a conflict is resolved and the reader discovers which force or character succeeds, it creates a sense of closure.
【答案】 69. D
【解析】根据后文“An external conflict is one in which the character faces a challenge with an external force, like another character, an act of nature, or even society.(外部冲突指的是角色面临来自外部力量的挑战，就像另一个角色，一种自然行为，甚至是社会)”可知，后文提到了外部冲突的概念，可知本句是在说明内部冲突。故D选项“内部冲突往往是主角与自己的斗争，比如他需要做出的决定或他必须克服的弱点”符合语境，故选D。
_____

重点小练







1. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says "pathological gambling" involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
_________ Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.

A. Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings.
B. And in what sense was his will operative?
C. By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit.
D. Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.
E. David Williams's suit should trouble this gambling nation.
F. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

【答案】F
【分析】首先可以利用词汇同现的方法解答此题，试题前句的diagnostic(诊断上的),选项中的medicalize(医学化)以及空格后面的physical(身体上的)虽然不是近义词或同义词，但很明显它们属于同一医学范畴，因此属于同一范畴词汇对应；其次，还可以利用结构衔接法，选项中的defining as(注意选项中有倒装结构，原结构应该是define …as…)与空格后的reclassifying…as…是近义词表达法，都是表示"归类为，定义为"；再次，可以利用词汇复现法，选项中的weakness of will(意志上的弱点)和空格后句中的character flaws(性格的缺陷)是上下义词的关系，前者属于后者。

2. __________ You don't have to wear yourself out to get a day-long mood and brainpower boost. All you have to do is get up, get moving, and see your quick morning workout not as a chore but as a way to kick-start your day - it's like coffee, but much more effective and long-lasting.

A. Exercise for about five minutes and then take your pulse.
B. There are plenty of apps you can use but any timer is fine.
C. Exercise does more to enhance thinking than thinking does.
D. Work out early for about20 minutes, before you start your day.
E. Even five minutes of moderate exercise can create a mood-enhancement effect.
F. The key is to remember that your morning workout doesn't have to be draining or exhausting.
【答案】F
【分析】选项F是最后一段的总起句。最后一段说明有氧训练并不需要太激烈，本段第二句中的You don’t have to wear yourself out与选项中的your morning workout doesn’t have to be draining or exhausting对应。

3. Question: I have recently got a serious position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. There were many difficult questions. My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn't have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?
Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers is a hard task in itself, and it comes much more difficult when a question-and-answer per is required question-and-answer periods as a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points, __________
Show your true interest.
When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.
Buy time.
When facing a hard question, most people can't give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. You many also ask for clarification on the question. These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.
Suggest a private meeting.
A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.

B. Restate the question with respect.
C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.
D. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.
【答案】F
【分析】承上启下，引出后文的建议。

4. Behance, the New York City-based startup that developed a new platform for creative people and teams to share their work, has been acquired by Adobe. The San Jose, Calif.-based software giant is known for its suite of tools for creators, including Photoshop, Indesign and Illustrator.
Though terms of the deal weren't officially disclosed, news reports pegged(认定) the sale price at about $150 million.
Share ideas liberally. The idea was to give creative individuals the ability to share their designs and projects with the world - for free and on their own terms. The Behance Network allows users to share their multimedia projects with others in Behance's network, including sites like LinkedIn. With the "ProSite" tool, users can create a portfolio(代表作选集) website essentially from scratch, for only about $11 per month.
In all, Behance says it has hosted more than 2.3 million public projects from about 170 countries. Those projects have generated some 33.6 million "appreciations" - the equivalent of a "like" on Facebook.
Co-founder Belsky - who helped manage a leadership development initiative at investment banking firm Goldman, Sachs & Co. before launching Behance - sat down with Entrepreneur last year for a video interview. From that conversation, here are Belsky's tips for starting an innovative business:
__________ “Don't keep all the details of your startup idea secret until they're ready to be ‘shared with the world’,” Belsky said. The benefits of getting feedback on your plans and ideas always "outweigh the costs".
Improve rapidly. Being innovative means coming up with wild new ideas. But sometimes those ideas aren't always brilliant. When you have an idea, work hard and fast to make it even better.
Be willing to fail.
B.Share ideas liberally.
C.Innovation is about taking risks and having tolerance before you succeed.
D.Behance was founded in 2006 by Scott Belsky and Matias Corea, a graphic designer.
【答案】B
【分析】选项B为本段的主题句，与后文的Don’t keep all the details … secret和shared with the world相呼应。

5. __________ If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know noting.
A. The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known
B. Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils.
C.The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago.
D. The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures.
E. The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea.
F. When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud.
【答案】F
【分析】本题出现在一个段落的首句，从答题策略来看，应当重点看后文的叙述，后文中water重复了两遍，说明这一信息是本段落的重点信息。同时这一信息很可能会在上下文中，即我们要填入的信息中出现复现词或同现词。对比选项，选项F中出现了lake，stream，river，sea等同类词汇，因此可以判断这一选项为正确答案。
6. Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, It is putting confidence in someone. That is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore,
__________ It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
Learn to really trust yourself. having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
Stop regarding yourself as the victim. If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
【答案】E
【分析】本题空格位置在段中，是衔接句；Sometimes people simply can't trust any more(有时人们不再信任了)，为什么不再信任了呢？他们怎么啦？浏览各选项，E项中有they，是指代前面的名词people，将选项E(他们受过严重伤害，他们不能容忍这类伤害再次发生)代入文中，衔接通顺，逻辑合理。
_____


好题必测





2017年上海春考
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. The two types of comics are created in very different ways.
B. But for people who love comic books, they can be a fantastic escape from the tough realities of modem life.
C. They find it hard to understand why comic books appeal to so many people.
D. Comics have lost its charm in America.
E. In Japan, the contrast couldn't be greater.
F. Manga heroes look smaller, younger than all-conquering American heroes who have large muscles and lots of themed clothes.
Japanese and American Comic Book Heroes
To some people, the idea of reading comic books seem childish. _________67__________ Comics are published globally, but Japanese and American versions dominate the market despite fact—or perhaps because—they differ in a number of ways.
_________68__________ American comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines, dialogue, and color are added. Also, creators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams, who keep the superhero “alive”. This is in sharp contrast to manga（日本漫画) creators, who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines, dialogue, and artwork. When a manga creator decides to stop, so does the hero.
Another difference is the appearance of the heroes. _________69__________ Also, manga heroes rarely look Japanese and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context. However, American comic heroes, despite their masks, are proudly American and are admired for their readiness to defend U.S. cities.
Probably the biggest difference is the readership. Up until the 1950s, American comic books were read by both children and adults, with poplar titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month. The arrival of TV, however, led to a decline in sales so that now the average reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes. _________70__________ There manga sales are still booming, reaching as high as 7 billion dollars each year largely because readers range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women. Manga for men and boys, like the American comics, tend to be action-oriented, while manga for women and girls tend to be focused on relationships.
【答案】：67-70 BAFE
67.B。【解析】根据文中 But for people who love comic books, they can be a fantastic escape from the tough realities of modern life.但是对于喜欢漫画书的人来说，漫画书是对现代生活中艰难现实的一种奇妙的逃避，可知选B。
68.A。【解析】根据文中 The two types of comics are created in very different ways.这两种类型的漫画是以非常不同的方式创作的，可知选A。
69.F.【解析】由文章中 Manga heroes look smaller,younger than all-conquering American heroes who have large muscles and lots of themed clothes句意:漫画英雄看起来更小，比所有征服的美国英雄都年轻，他们有着巨大的肌肉和大量的主题服装。
70.E。【解析】根据上下文可知选E.In Japan the contrast couldn’t be greater在日本，这种对比再大不过了。

2017年上海秋考
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
B. Despite this, how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated.
C. Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room.
D. In developed countries, vegetarianism would bring all sorts of environmental and health benefits.
E. No matter how much their meat-loving friends might deny it, vegetarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits.
F. Though a relatively small increase in agricultural land, this would more than make up for the loss of meat.
What Would Happen if the World Suddenly Went Vegetarian?
People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do it to make animal suffering less severe, others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle. Still others wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 67 And the more who make the switch, the more those benefits would appear on a global scale.
Andrew Jarvis and other experts at Colombia’s International Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planet’s menu overnight.
First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the worst responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry. 68 In the US, for example, an average family of four produces more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars – but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming.
69 Of the world’s approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is devoted to livestock. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland (牧场) to the restoration of grasslands and forests, which would capture carbon and further relieve climate change.
The remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply. 70 That’s because one-third of the land currently used for crops is given to producing food for livestock—not for humans.
【答案】：67-70. EBCF
67.E。【解析】根据上文 People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do it to make animal suffering,others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle. 人们成为素食者的原因有很多。有些人这样做是为了让动物受苦，另一些人是因为他们想追求更健康的生活方式。以及下文And the more who make the switch, the more those perks would manifest on a global scale.而且，转换的人越多，所获得的好处在全球范围内越明显故选E。No matter how much their carnivorous friends might deny it,vegetarians have a point:cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits.不管他们的食肉朋友们有多大的拒绝，素食者有一个观点:切断肉可以带来多种好处。
68.B。【解析】根据上文First.they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide,and the worst of responsibility for those numbers falls to the lives to ck industry首先，他们研究了气候变化。粮食生产占全世界人类活动温室气体排放量的四分之一至三分之一，而对这些排放量最坏的责任落在畜牧业身上。故选 B。
69.C。【解析】根据下文Of the world’s approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land,68% is used for livestock.在全球约120亿英亩的农业用地中，68%用于畜牧业。故选 C。
70.F。【解析】根据上文The remaining 10to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply.剩下的10%到20%的以前的牧场可以用来种植更多的作物来填补粮食供应的缺口以及下文That’s because one-third of the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock-not for humans这是因为目前三分之一的农作物用地是专门为牲畜而非人类生产食物的。故正确答案为F。
_____
Section A：完型填空
高考题型组合练




There was a time when we thought humans were special in so many ways. Now we know better. We are not
The next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) promises to have an impact as big as the mobile revolution or the internet revolution. The positive opportunity before us is virtually ___21___—but for AI to meet its vast potential, it will require the right ___22___.
AI is already revolutionizing our lives. But though computers can assist us, they are not like us. Our health of experience gives us creativity—but it also makes us vulnerable to accumulating. Conscious and unconscious biases (偏见). ___23___, AI systems today receive their “training” using very specific collections of relevant data. These data sets can be large but are inherently much more ___24___than human experience. That can be a(n) ___25___—AI does not have the complex emotions that guide human decision making, so it could ___26___most if not all of these inherent biases.
Based on previous work involved in AI research, we believe that makers of AI should ___27___ the following principles. First, AI should benefit the many, not the few. In practical terms, it is possible for AI to help the doctor and the patient, the business and the employee. As a society, we should make use of this ___28___ and ensure that AI always aims for the common good.
Second, AI research and development should be open, responsible and socially ___29___. As we continue developing AI, new questions will continue to arise, and we will need to answer them ____30____, including everyone from engineers and scientists to philosophers and activists. In particular, those whose industries will ____31____ as result of AI will need to be part of this global conversation.
Third, those who design AI should establish best practices to avoid undesirable outcomes. Is a system doing what we need. Are we training is using the right data? Have we thought through the way any system might yield ____32____ side effects—and do we have a plan to correct for this? There should be check systems that ____33____whether an AI system is doing what it was built to do.
We are building tools that humans control. AI will reflect the values of those who build it. Ultimately our ____34____ for AI is to give people more choices about how they live their lives. Under our control, it can take the drudgery（辛苦乏味的）out of work and free up many more hours for creative pursuits. And ____35____properly and cooperatively, AI could help bring about solutions to the world’s most complex problems.
21. A. limitless B. timeless C. tireless D. hopeless
22. A. change B. conflict C. approach D. access
23. A. For example B. In contrast C. As a result D. In addition
24. A. diverse B. restricted C. advanced D. unreliable
25. A. aspect B. boom C. advantage D. downside
26. A. way B. justify C. challenge D. avoid
27. A. object to B. stick to C. refer to D. take to
28. A. potential B. benefit C. principles D. research
29. A. attached B. engaged C. touched D. launched
30. A. practically B. enthusiastically C. consciously D. cooperatively
31. A. change B. depress C. relieve D. enrich
32. A. unintended B. reasonable C. informative D. feasible
33. A. release B. infer C. evaluate D. qualify
34. A. likelihood B. dream C. challenge D. enthusiasm
35. A. applied B. created C. demonstrated D. adapted
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D
31. A 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，下一代人工智能（AI）有望产生与移动革命或互联网革命一样大的影响，为了更多地造福于多数人，人工智能制造者应该坚持一些原则。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们面前的积极机会实际上是无限的，但要让人工智能发挥其巨大的潜力，它需要正确的方法。A. limitless无限制的；B. timeless永久的；C. tireless不觉疲劳的；D. hopeless绝望的。由上文的“The next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) promises to have an impact as big as the mobile revolution or the internet revolution.”可知，下一代人工智能（AI）有望产生与移动革命或互联网革命一样大的影响，说明人工智能产生的影响将很巨大，其中蕴含的机会是无限的（暗指很多的机会）。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们面前的积极机会实际上是无限的，但要让人工智能发挥其巨大的潜力，它需要正确的方法。A. change改变；B. conflict冲突；C. approach方法；D. access通道。由上文的“but for AI to meet its vast potential”可知，要发挥人工智能的巨大的潜力，人们需要对人工智能有正确的方法。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：相反，今天，人工智能系统接受他们的“训练”使用非常具体的相关数据集合。A. For example例如；B. In contrast相反；C. As a result结果；D. In addition此外。由上下文语境可知，上文讲“丰富的人类经验给人带来的缺点，即人会有偏见”，下文讲“人工智能没有复杂的情绪/经验，帮人避免偏见”，上下文是相反的意思，用In contrast。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些数据集可能很大，但本质上比人类的经验更受限制。A. diverse多种多样的；B. restricted受限制的；C. advanced先进的；D. unreliable不可靠的。由上文“AI systems today receive their “training” using very specific collections of relevant data.”可知，如今的人工智能系统通过非常具体的相关数据收集来接受“培训”，说明人工智能在经验上比人类更受限制。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能是一个优势，人工智能没有复杂的情绪来指导人类的决策，所以它可以避免大多数甚至所有这些固有的偏见。A. aspect方面；B. boom繁荣；C. advantage优点、优势；D. downside缺点。由下文的“AI does not have the complex emotions that guide human decision making, so it could ___6___most if not all of these inherent biases.”可知，人工智能没有复杂的情绪/经验，从而帮人避免偏见，说明人工智能反而是一个优势。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能是一个优势，人工智能没有复杂的情绪来指导人类的决策，所以它可以避免大多数甚至所有这些固有的偏见。A. way方式；B. justify证明……正确；C. challenge挑战；D. avoid避免。由上文语境可知，丰富的人类经验会让人会有偏见，而人工智能在经验上受限反而是一个优势，可推断出没有复杂的情绪来指导人类的决策，人工智能能避免很多偏见。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：基于以往人工智能研究的成果，我们认为人工智能制造者应该坚持以下原则。A. object to反对；B. stick to坚持；C. refer to涉及；D. take to喜欢上。由下文语境可知，下文在讲人们制造人工智能是应该要坚持的三条原则。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个社会，我们应该利用这一潜力，确保人工智能始终以共同利益为目标。A. potential潜力；B. benefit益处；C. principles原则；D. research研究。由上文的“but for AI to meet its vast potential”可知，我们应该利用这一潜力。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二，人工智能的研发应该是开放的、负责任的和社会参与的。A. attached重视；B. engaged从事、参与；C. touched触摸；D. launched发起。由上文文的“Second, AI research and development should be open, responsible说明人工智能的研发要全社会共同参与。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的不断发展，新的问题将不断出现，我们需要合作地回答这些问题，包括从工程师、科学家到哲学家和活动家的每个人。A. practically实际地；B. enthusiastically热情地；C. consciously有意识地；D. cooperatively合作地。由上文的“人工智能的研发要社会参与”，本处的“, including everyone from engineers and scientists to philosophers and activists”和下文的“And ___15___properly and cooperatively”可知，人工智能的研发要社会参与，随着新问题的出现，工程师、科学家到哲学家和活动家都要加入进来，合作地回答这些问题。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：特别是那些因人工智能而改变行业的企业，将需要成为这场全球对话的一部分。A. change变化；B. depress沮丧；C. relieve缓解；D. enrich丰富。由常识和下文的“as result of AI”可知，人工智能的出现会改变产业。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们是否考虑过任何系统可能会产生意外的副作用，我们是否有计划来纠正这种情况？A. unintended无意的、意外的；B. reasonable合理的；C. informative提供有用信息的；D. feasible可行的。由上文的“those who design AI should establish best practices to avoid undesirable outcomes”可知，设计人工智能的人应该建立最佳实践来避免不想要的结果，说明设计系统时可能会产生意外的副作用。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：应该有一个检查系统来评估一个人工智能系统是否正在做它所要做的事情。A. release释放；B. infer推断；C. evaluate评估；D. qualify具有资格。由上文的“check systems”和下文的“whether an AI system is doing what it was built to do”可知，检查系统的目的是来评估一个人工智能系统是否正在做它所要做的事情。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们对人工智能的梦想是给人们更多关于如何生活的选择。A. likelihood可能性；B. dream梦想；C. challenge挑战；D. enthusiasm热情。由上文的“We are building tools that humans control.”和下文的“to give people more choices about how they live their lives”可知，人工智能将给人们更多关于如何生活的选择，这是人们对人工智能的梦想。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过适当地合作地应用，人工智能可以帮助解决世界上最复杂的问题。A. applied应用；B. created创造；C. demonstrated证明；D. adapted适应。由下文的“AI could help bring about solutions to the world’s most complex problems”可知，只有适当地合作地应用人工智能，人工智能才能帮助解决世界上最复杂的问题。故选A项。
Section B：句子翻译



1. 你觉得在房价那么高的时候花巨资买房值得吗？(worthwhile)
Do you find it worthwhile to spend a lot of money on houses/in buying houses while the housing/house prices are so high?
2. 使我感动的是那个爱国运动员把他的奖金都捐献给了灾区。(donate)
What moved me was that the patriotic athlete/sportsman donated all his award/prize to the disaster-hit/disaster-stricken/disaster area.
3. 家长一再嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear)
Parents tell/ask their kids repeatedly/again and again not to play by the river for fear that something terrible/horrible should/might happen.
4. 想一夜成名的想法使许多年轻时装设计师积极参加各种各样的电视竞赛。(take)
The idea that a person can become famous overnight makes many young fashion designers take an active part in various competition for TV.
5. 唯有亲临这部音乐剧的现场，你才会明白为何六十年来每场演出都座无虚席。(Only)
Only when you enjoy the musical on the spot can you figure out/ understand why there were no empty seats/ all seats were occupied when each performance was on for sixty years.