人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 2 Bridging Cultures学案及答案

Section Ⅱ Learning About Language

Grammar —— 复习名词性从句

1．Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it，too.

2．The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!

3．Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.

4．At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.

5．What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.

[我的发现]

(1)句1中 she always feels hungry是省略that的宾语从句。

(2)句2中黑体部分的四个引导词引导的皆为宾语从句。

(3)句3中she knew less than other people为宾语从句，作thought的宾语。

(4)句4中第一个what引导的为同位语从句；第二个what引导的为主语从句；that引导的为表语从句。

(5)句5中What引导的为主语从句。

一、主语从句

1．that引导的主语从句

(1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，但不可省略。

That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.

众所周知，地球围着太阳转。

(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句后置，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：

①It＋be＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句

It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.

我不可能接受像那样的帮助。

②It＋be＋名词短语(a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder，good news,  no wonder等)＋that从句

It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.

难怪他不想去。

③It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought, considered, well­known, announced等)＋that从句

It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.

会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。

[点津]　在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required ...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)＋动词原形”。

To master Mandarin，it is suggested that you (should) practice with Chinese people.

为了掌握普通话，建议你和中国人一起练习。

④It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句

It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.

她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。

2．whether与if引导的主语从句

whether与if引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。

主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。Whether they will put off the meeting hasn't been decided.

他们是否推迟会议还没有决定下来。

It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.

他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。

3．wh­类连接词引导的主语从句

wh­类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等)。

连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。

What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。

How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer.

电话是怎样工作的，这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。

Whoever breaks the school windows will be punished.

无论谁打破了学校的窗子，都要受罚。

　补全句子/句型转换

①Whether the sports meet will be held is not certain now.

运动会是否会举行现在不能确定。

②How the book will sell depends on its author.

这本书销售如何取决于作者本人。

③Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.

我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。

④That she will do well in her exam is certain.

→It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

二、宾语从句

1．that引导的宾语从句

that引导宾语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：

(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。

I don't know exactly where he lives，except that it's somewhere out in the wilds.

我不是很清楚他住在哪里，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。

(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。

He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.

他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。

(3)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。

①一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。

He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.

他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。

②hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。

I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.

你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。

2．whether与if引导的宾语从句

whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。一般情况下if和whether可以互换，在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：

(1)宾语从句中与or not连用时，只能用whether。

I don't know whether or not the report is true.

＝I don't know whether/if the report is true.

我不知道这个报道是否是真的。

(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether。

It depends on whether we have enough time.

这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。

3．连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。

Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.

我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。

Do you know when the meeting will begin?

你知道会议什么时候开始吗？

[点津]　在动词suggest, advise, recommend, insist, order, command, request, require等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。

The manager requires that everyone (should) go to work on time every day.

经理要求每人每天要按时上班。

　单句语法填空

①Is there anything wrong in what I said?

②These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer.

③I'm not certain whether/if the train will arrive on time.

④I believe you have done your best and that things will improve.

⑤I recommend (that) we (should) try (try) our best to practice speaking English every day.

三、表语从句

1．连词that/whether/because/why/as if/as though引导的表语从句

(1)在表语从句中，that不作任何成分，也无词义，但是不能省略。

The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.

你犯错误的原因是你对自己缺乏信心。

(2)whether引导表语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”，且在表语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

问题是这部电影是否值得看。

(3)because/why引导的表语从句。

That was why I asked for three days' leave.

那就是我请了三天假的原因。

(4)as if/though引导的表语从句，常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面。

It looked as if it was going to rain.

看起来天好像要下雨了。

2．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句

(1)连接代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever,  whatever, whichever等；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

(2)连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等；连接副词在从句中作状语。

This dictionary is just what I want for my study.

这部字典正是我学习要用到的。

That was where we camped last time.

那就是上次我们野营的地方。

[点津]　在表示“建议”“命令”“要求”的名词suggestion, advice, request, order等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。

My advice is that we (should) make a new plan at once.

我的建议是我们应该马上制定一个新计划。

　补全句子

①The question is whether we can finish the work in time．

问题是我们是否能及时完成这项工作。

②You look as if you slept badly．

看你那样子仿佛没睡好觉。

③The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough．

事实依然是我们还是不够先进。

④The fact is that he didn't notice the car until too late．

事实是他注意到汽车时已经太晚了。

⑤My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion this matter instead of setting it aside.

我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。

四、同位语从句

1．同位语从句的概念

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。

His accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner.

他的口音立刻暴露出他是一个外国人。

The news that he was in trouble made me decide to act at once.

他陷入困境的消息让我决定马上行动。

2．同位语从句的连接词

(1)连接词that, whether

that引导同位语从句时仅仅起连接作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，仅起连接作用，并不作成分，不可以用if替换。

The news that our team has won the match is true.

我们队获胜的消息是真实的。

There is some doubt whether John will come on time.

有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到来。

(2)连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose

连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等；其意义分别为“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。

I have no idea what he is up to now.

我不知道他现在干什么。

With time going by, the doubt which of the team would win disappears.

随着时间的推移，哪支队伍会赢的疑问消失了。

The problem whom/who he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again.

在会议上反复讨论了他将代替谁这个问题。

(3)连接副词when, where, why和how

连接副词when, where, why, how引导同位语从句时，在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语；其意义分别为“什么时间”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。

They have no idea when I will go back.

他们不知道我什么时候回去。

I have no idea where he has gone.

我不知道他去了哪里。

[点津]　名词suggestion, advice, order, demand, command, request等后的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形。”

The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to make our country stronger is necessary.

每个人都应努力来使我们的国家变得更强的建议是有必要的。

(1)在下列句中填入恰当的连接词

①The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.

②—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

—Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.

③The only way to succeed is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

(2)将下面两个句子合并为同位语从句

Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet.

The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.

→The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.

1．expectation n．期望；预期；期待；预料

(教材p.17) The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad.

这位顾问谈到在国外学习时要保持合理的期望。

[佳句]

I didn't let my parents down.In other words, I lived up to their expectations.

我没让我的父母失望。换句话说，我没有辜负他们的期望。

[练透]　补全句子

①You should take advantage of this good opportunity, and live/come up to/meet your teachers' expectations．

你应该利用好这个机会，不辜负老师们的期望。

②His father has high expectations of Jackson，so he is strict with him.

杰克逊的父亲对他有很高的期望，所以对他很严格。

[写美]　翻译句子

③天气通常是变化无常的，有时出乎我们的意料。

The weather is often changeable, sometimes beyond our expectations.

2．applicant n．申请人

(教材p.17)Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm?

谁将是律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请人？

[佳句]

Helen stood out among so many applicants for her competence.

海伦因她的能力在众多申请者中脱颖而出。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①The ten women astronauts were selected from among 1，000 applicants (applicant).

②We have received hundreds of job applications (application) so far.

③He has applied to the top company for a job.

④He applied for the position as a senior administrator of the department, but his application (apply) was not approved.

[写美]　翻译句子

⑤这项新技术已应用于农业。

The new technology has been applied to agriculture.

3．exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露

(教材p.17)Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world.

接触另一种文化和当地人可以让交换生对世界有深刻的了解。

[佳句]

Exposure to the sun at the beach for a long time will burn your skin.

在海滩上暴晒很长时间会灼伤你的皮肤。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①The woman scientist later died of injuries related to the exposure (expose) to the harmful substance.

②Don't have your skin exposed (expose) to the strong sunlight.

[写美]　翻译句子

③这种药不能暴露在强光下。

This medicine should not be exposed to the bright light.