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2020-2021学年Module 5 Great people and Great Invention教案配套课件ppt
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这是一份2020-2021学年Module 5 Great people and Great Invention教案配套课件ppt，文件包含Module5第2课时ppt、Module5第2课时doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
Great Peple and Great Inventins f Ancient China
1.1.1 集合的概念
第二课时 Grammar I—Everyday English and Functin
选词填空。(wh/that/whse/where/when/why/in which/t whm)①Mencius was a thinker________teachings were very similar t thse f Cnfucius.②Mencius believed that the reasn________man is different frm animals is that man is gd.③Ancient China was a place________states were ften at war with each ther.
④It was als a time________there were many great philsphers.⑤He is an English teacher________likes singing sngs.⑥This is the park________we first met him thirty years ag.⑦Is he the persn________yu ften turn fr help?
1.sense1)n. 观念，意识，辨认力；意思，意味；见识，常识；感觉，知觉，官能①His speech left me with the sense that we wuld never be friends.他说的话让我感到我和他绝对无法做朋友。
②The five senses are sight，hearing，smell，taste and tuch.五种感觉是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。③Dgs have a keen sense f smell.狗有灵敏的嗅觉。2)v. 感觉；感知；意识；察觉She sensed what her husband was thinking.她感觉出她丈夫内心在想什么。
知识拓展senseless adj. 不省人事的；失去感觉的；愚昧的；无常识的sensible adj. 通晓事理的；明智的；可察觉的sensitive adj. 敏感的；神经过敏的a sense f directin 方向感a sense f hunger 饥饿感a sense f humur 幽默感cmmn sense 常识
the sixth sense 第六感觉in every sense 就各种意义来说；就各方面来说in a sense 在某种意义上；多少有一点make sense 有意义；讲得通；能理解
即学即用语法填空The elderly need special care in winter，as they are__________(sense)t the sudden change f weather.答案：sensitive 本题考查形容词。sensitive“敏感的”，句意是：老年人在冬天需要特别护理，因为他们对突然的天气变化很敏感。be sensitive t...“对……灵敏的/敏感的”。
2．respnsibility n. 责任；责任心；职责Anyne with a sense f respnsibility wuldn't leave the rbbery alne.任何一个有责任感的人是不会对抢劫置之不理的。知识拓展1)have the respnsibility fr...对……有责任；对……负责The Health Minister have verall respnsibility fr hspitals.卫生部长全面负责医院。
2)take n/take/accept/assume/shulder the respnsibility fr...担当对……的责任；为……负责The management accepts n respnsibility fr cars left in the car park.管理部门对停车场内的汽车不承担责任。
3)respnsible adj. 有责任的；负责任的①Yu can always trust Mary wh I think is a respnsible mnitr.你可以信任玛丽，我认为她是一个负责任的班长。②The headmaster decided t have a wrd with the persn that is respnsible fr this matter.校长决定与此事的负责人谈一谈。
即学即用完成句子The driver shuld ________ ________ ________ the injured.司机应对受伤人员负责。答案：be respnsible t
3．respect n．[U]尊敬，敬意vt.尊敬，敬重①We have great respect fr ur grandfather.我们非常尊敬祖父。②We shuld all treat lder peple with mre respect.所有人都应该更加尊重老人。③I respect her fr her hnesty.她的诚实让我对她的尊重。④Be sure t respect ther peple's rights.请尊重他人的权利。
搭配have/shw respect fr对……尊敬pay respect t对……尊敬win/gain/earn the respect f赢得……的尊敬respect sb.fr sth.因某事尊敬某人拓展respectable adj.体面的，正派的；值得尊敬的respectful adj.表示尊敬的，有礼貌的，谦恭的
即学即用语法填空The new teacher sn wn the________f his students.答案：respect 句意：这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。respect“尊敬，敬重”，符合题意。
4．justice n．[U]公正；公平；正义①They are demanding equal rights and justice.他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。②I say，in justice t him，he is a gd teacher.秉公而论，我认为他是位优秀的教师。③Withut justice，curage is weak.假如无正义，勇气也无力。
即学即用翻译句子他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。_______________________________________________答案：They are demanding equal rights and justice.
5．affrd1)vt.(有财力)买得起；付得起(可用于can，culd或be able t之后)①I'm nt sure hw they are able t affrd such expensive hlidays.我不太清楚他们怎么能负担得起这么昂贵的假期。②We need a bigger huse，but we just can't affrd the rent.我们需要一座更大的房子，只是我们付不起房租。
2)vt.有能力；足以承担(可用于can或culd之后)①I'm s busy.I can rarely affrd the luxury f a restful weekend.我太忙了。我很少能享受一个轻松的周末的奢侈。②N plitician can affrd t ignre the pwer f televisin.没有哪个政治家能无视电视的力量。知识拓展affrd sth.负担得起某物的费用affrd t d sth.负担得起做某事
即学即用翻译句子(1)我不能担负得起买一辆新车。_______________________________________________答案：I can't affrd t buy a new car.
语法填空(2)Thse pr and needy teenagers were excited t find a shp at the crner where they culd buy________(affrd)priced bikes.答案：affrdably 句意：那些贫困的青少年看到在拐角处的那家商店时很兴奋，在那里他们可以买到支付得起的自行车。affrdably“买得起地”，符合题意。
6．cntributin n. [U]捐献；贡献；[C]捐助的钱或物①Charlie Chaplin made a great cntributin t the film industry.查理·卓别林对电影业做出了巨大贡献。②I will devte my whle life t scientific research，and make cntributins t the cuntry where I was brn and the peple wh brught me up.(Pavlv)我愿用我全部的生命从事科学研究，贡献给生育我栽培我的祖国和人民。(巴甫洛夫)
知识拓展cntribute v. 贡献；有助于；捐赠①Everyne shuld cntribute what he r she can affrd.人人都应该尽自己的能力做出贡献。②He cntributed a large sum f mney t the hspital.他向医院捐了一大笔钱。③His research cntributed greatly t the prgress f science.他的研究对科学的进步有很大的贡献。
搭配1)(ding)sth.贡献He cntributed sme mney t the fld victims.他捐出一些钱给受水灾的难民。
2)cntribute t(ding)sth.有助于；导致①Yur suggestin has greatly cntributed t the accmplishment f ur wrk.你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。②I'm sure yur suggestin will cntribute t slving the prblem.我确信你的建议将有助于解决问题。 注意：以上搭配中，t是介词。此外，cntribute有时也与tward(s)或fr连用。
词语辨析cntribute，devte
①Our teacher tells us that exercise cntributes t gd health.老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。②Everyne is called n t cntribute ideas.要求人人出主意，想办法。③He devted his life t prmting wrld peace.他一生致力于促进世界和平。
即学即用完成句子(1)纸的发明是人类文明史上一项重要贡献。The inventin f paper was a great________________human civilizatin.(2)他很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。It was generus f him t________such a large sum.答案：(1)cntributin t (2)cntribute
7．invent vt. 发明；创造①He has invented a new way f making silk.他发明了一种制造丝绸的新方法。②D yu knw wh invented cmputers?你知道谁发明的电脑吗？
辨析invent，discver，find ut, find
①Gilbert discvered electricity，and Edisn invented the electric light bulb.吉尔伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了电灯。②Have yu fund ut why he was absent?你弄清他没来的原因了吗？③She fund a necklace lying n the grund.她发现地上有一条项链。拓展inventin n. [U]发明；[C]发明物inventr n. [C]发明家
即学即用语法填空用discver，invent，create的相应形式填空。(1)Wh________the telephne in 1876?(2)A new kind f animal________in Guangxi Prvince last year.(3)He is a musician and likes________music.
(4)It's knwn t us all that the Chinese first________the cmpass.(5)Say five________that are related t fd and cking.答案：(1)invented (2)was discvered (3)creating (4)invented (5)inventins
8．argument n. [C]争论；辩论；议论①It's beynd argument that his thery is true.无可争辩，他的理论是正确的。②The students had an argument with their teachers abut their unifrms.学生们就校服问题与老师们进行了一场辩论。
搭配have an argument with sb.与某人争论I had an argument with my neighbur abut a tree in his garden.我和邻居因其花园里一棵树而争了起来。
知识拓展argue v. 争论；辩论词语辨析argue，quarrelPeple generally quarrel because they cannt argue.(Chestertn)人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。(切斯特顿)
即学即用语法填空He gt int an________(argue)with Jeff in the pub last night and they didn't reach any cnclusin.答案：argument 句意：昨天晚上他跟杰夫在酒吧里发生了争论，但他们没有得出任何结论。argument“争论；辩论”，符合题意。
1.n faster than“和……一样不快”；相当于as slwly as。“n＋比较级＋than”否定两者，相当于“as＋该词的反义词＋as”。含义是“前者跟后者一样不……”。①She has n mre bks than him.她的书和他的一样少。②I'm n richer than a beggar.我穷得像个乞丐。
知识拓展“nt＋比较级＋than”表示“不如……”。①The questin is nt mre difficult than that ne.这个问题不如那个难。②I have nt mre than five yuan.我有不到5元钱。③I have n mre than five yuan.我只有5元钱。
即学即用语法填空Mr.Black is very happy because the clthes made in his factry have never been ________ppular.答案：mre 考查比较级的使用。否定比较级相当于最高级。类似的还有t，enugh。
2．billins f表达不确切的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式。又如：dzens f 许多；十几个thusands f 好几千；成千的scres f 许多；好几十tens f millins f 千百万hundreds f 好几百；成百的billins f 好几十亿tens f thusands f 好几万；成千上万hundreds f thusands f 好几十万；成几十万hundreds f millins f 好几亿；成亿的
注意：1)表达确切的数目时，用具体的数字与hundred，thusand，millin等词的单数形式连用，之后不加f，接可数名词的复数。2)表达笼统的数目时，复数hundreds，thusands，millins等词之后加f，不与具体数字连用，接可数名词的复数。
3)several或具体数字与dzen，hundred，thusand，millin等词连用表达具体数目时，若使用f，必须后接“the/thse/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋名词复数”。4)many可以和表达笼统数目的hundreds f，thusands f，millins f，billins f等连用。
即学即用语法填空Several________(millin)peple in the wrld are sending infrmatin by email every day.答案：millin several或具体数字与dzen，hundred，thusand，millin等词连用表达具体数目时，若使用f，必须后接“the/thse/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋名词复数”。
3．in cnclusin 最后；总之I will in cnclusin say a few wrds abut discipline.最后我要简单谈一下有关纪律的问题。知识拓展cnclude v. 结束；下结论；推断cnclusive adj. 确定的；最后的；结论的reach/draw a cnclusin 得出结论；下结论jump t a cndusin妄下断论cme t a cnclusin 得出结论；结束We have reached the cnclusin that this is a true stry.我们获得的结论是，这是一个真实的故事。
即学即用句型转换(1)It was cncluded that we needn't change ur plan.We ________ ________ ________ ________ that we needn't change the plan.答案：came t the cnclusin
根据提示完成句子(2)他看到我的手提箱摆在大厅，就妄断我要离开。He saw my suitcase in the hall and ______________________ ________that I was leaving.(3)从她的话中我得不出任何结论。I can't________________________frm what she said.答案：(2)jumped t a cnclusin (3)draw a cnclusin
Hwever，we d knw that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clck.然而，我们的确知道他在公元1092年发明了第一块时钟。本句为“d/des/did＋动词原形”强调句型，其中的d/des/did在句中要重读。
a)本句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式，只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定和疑问形式。①She did tell me abut her address，but I frgt all abut it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。②She des cme frm a Eurpean cuntry.她的确来自欧洲的一个国家。
b)在祈使句中运用“d＋动词原形”，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。①D cme n time next time.下次请务必按时来。②D cme in and sit dwn.请快进来坐下。知识拓展“强调句型”种种：It ＋动词原形
即学即用语法填空(1)—Why didn't yu call Mary last week?—I________call her，but the line was busy then.答案：did 句意：“你上个星期为什么没有给玛丽打电话？”“我确实打过，但是那时候占线。”强调谓语动词时要用助动词d的不同形式加动词原形，而且只能用于肯定句中。
(2)—I'd like t，but...—________cme please!答案：D 句意：“我很想去，但是……”“请一定要来！”为了加强祈使句的语气，在动词前加d，表示恳求。
表解语法助记定语从句1．关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。关系副词的具体用法见下表：
2.关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下两种方式判断：
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词which，whm作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词之前，形成“介词＋which/whm”结构。
注意：(1)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如lk after，call n等不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。(2)“介词＋关系代词”中的代词指人时用whm，指物时用which，不能用that和wh。
语法填空(1)When deeply absrbed in wrk，______he ften was，he wuld frget all abut eating r sleeping.答案：which/in which 本题考查定语从句。 句意：当他全心投入工作时，他常常忘记吃饭和睡觉。从句中缺表语，由which充当。
(2)The air quality in the city，________is shwn in the reprt，has imprved ver the past tw mnths.答案：as 本题考查关系代词的用法。句意：就像报告中所表明的那样，这城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已有改善。as 引导非限制性定语从句，且as代表整个主句的意思。常用于句型as is shwn/reprted/annunced...等等。
(3)Care f the sul is a gradual prcess________even the small details f life shuld be cnsidered.答案：in which/where 考查定语从句。句意：心灵的养护是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中即使小细节也应被考虑到。定语从句不缺主语、宾语，in which相当于where。(4)After the flding，peple were suffering in that area，________urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter t survive.答案：wh 考查定语从句。本句的先行词是peple，故用wh引导定语从句。
(5)By 1630，________was almst clsing time，nearly all the paintings had been sld.答案：which 考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语。(6)It is the third time that she has wn the race，________has surprised us all. 答案：which 本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使得我们大家非常吃惊。本题为非限制性定语从句，且关系词代表整个主句的意思，故只能用which。
(7)In ur class there are 46 students，________half wear glasses.答案：f whm 本题考查非限制性定语从句的“介词＋关系代词”结构。分析句子结构可知，后一分句是非限制性定语从句，此处表示所属关系，故用介词f。句意：我们班里有46名同学，其中有一半戴眼镜。
(8)We live in an age________mre infrmatin is available with greater ease than ever befre.答案：when 本题考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个比过去更容易获取信息的时代。先行词是age，表示时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，故用when。如果使用“介词＋关系代词”，应是in which。
(9)Sales directr is a psitin________cmmunicatin ability is just as imprtant as sales skills.答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。psitin职位，在此处相当于抽象地点；其后的定语从句不缺主语或宾语；where在这里相当于in which。(10)Everyne has perids in their lives________everything seems very hard.答案：when/in which 句意：每个人在生活当中都会有一切事情都不顺心的时期。所填关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词perids，并在从句中作时间状语，所以用when/in which。
(11)D yu knw the year________the Chinese Cmmunist Party was funded?答案：in which/when 句意：你知道中国共产党是在哪一年成立的吗？时间名词the year是定语从句先行词，并且从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故须用表示时间的关系副词when或in which引导，在定语从句中作时间状语。
(12)When night fell，we finally reached an ld temple______the villagers used as a schl.答案：which/that 句意：夜幕降临时，我们终于到达了村民们用作学校的一座旧庙。定语从句先行词是an ld temple，且从句中动词used缺宾语，故须用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。
(13)The factry________Mr Li used t wrk was clsed last week.答案：where/in which 句意：李先生过去工作的那家工厂上周关闭了。the factry为先行词，表示地点，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应填关系副词where或in which。 (14)Duncan didn't tell me the reasn________their team had failed t win the game.答案：why 句意：邓肯没有告诉我他们队输掉比赛的原因。所填关系词引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示原因的名词reasn，故用why。
(15)The tl________he is wrking is called a hammer.答案：with which 句意：他干活时用的那个工具叫锤子。由定语从句中的谓语动词wrk可判断用with，将其放到从句中即“he is wrking with”。(16)He asked me a few questins________there were n answers.答案：t which 句意：他问了我一些根本没有答案的问题。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的介词在本题中由answer与t搭配而定，故引导词用t which。
(17)The ld wrker________we knw much is ur parttime teacher.He is in his seventies.答案：abut whm 句意：这位我们很了解的老工人现在是我们的兼职教师，他现在70多岁了。此题为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。knw abut意为“了解”，故用abut whm。
(18)It's ne f the few cuntries________peple drive n the left.答案：where/in which 句意：这是为数不多的几个靠左行驶的国家之一。所填关系词引导定语从句修饰cuntries，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where或in which引导。
(19)I was brn in New Orleans，Luisiana，a city________name will create a picture f beautiful trees and green grass in ur mind.答案：whse 本题考查定语从句。句中name是city一个特征或构成部分，是从属关系，因此用whse引导定语从句修饰先行词New Orleans。
(20)Gun cntrl is a subject________Americans have argued fr a lng time.答案：abut which 考查定语从句，先行词是a subject，指物，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue abut sth。
(21)A persn________email accunt is full wn't be able t send r receive any emails.答案：whse 考查定语从句，________email accunt is full是从句部分，所以填引导词whse。句意：电子邮箱账户满了的话，人们就不能发送或者接收邮件了。(22)It's helpful t put children in a situatin________they can see themselves differently.答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。先行词是situatin，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where或in which。
(23)Children wh are nt active r ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.答案：whse 本题考查定语从句关系词。句意：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。本定语从句中缺少定语，故用引导词whse。(24)The girl arranged t have pian lessns at the training centre with her sister ________ she wuld stay fr an hur.答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。先行词为centre，she wuld stay fr an hur 不缺宾语或主语，故要填状语，表地点用where或in which。
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Edisn is a famus________(发明家)all ver the wrld.2．His________(诚实)makes him very ppular amng his friends.3．This kind f clth feels________(柔软的)．4．The________(皮革)shes made in this factry are very ppular.5．He has made great________(贡献)t his hmetwn.6．They are fighting fr better wrking________(环境)．
7．He has a sense f________(公正)，s we all like him.8．They had an________(争辩)abut where t spend the hliday.9．During the summer hliday，we can enjy sme ______________(自由)．10．It is knwn that________(燃料)like cal and il cause a lt f pllutin.答案：1.inventr 2.hnesty 3.sft 4.leather 5.cntributin(s) 6.cnditins 7.justice 8.argument 9.freedm 10.fuels
4．As a result f the________f cmputers，much wrk can easily and crrectly be dne.5．The lnglasting meeting，filled with________，ended in disrder.答案：1.Hnesty 2.justice 3.cntributins 4.inventin 5.arguments
Ⅲ.语法填空1．Frm May 1，smking will be banned in indr public places in China.Fr________(第一次)，China has put smking cntrl int its natinal ecnmic and scial develpment prgram.答案：the first time 句意为：从五月一号起，中国将禁止在室内公共场所吸烟。这是中国第一次把控制吸烟纳入国民经济和社会发展议程。fr the first time意为“第一次”，在句中独立作状语；the first time意为“第一次……的时候”，用作连词引导时间状语从句。
2．As we all knw，the present wrld financial crisis(危机)has a serius________n the develpment f the ecnmy f every cuntry.答案：effect 句意为：众所周知，目前的世界经济危机对于每一个国家的经济发展都有严重的影响。have an effect n意为“对……有影响”。
3．Smking t much may cntribute________lung cancer and cause ther diseases.答案：t 句意为：吸烟太多可能会促成肺癌和引起其他疾病。cntribute t意为“促成”，是固定词组。4．It rained heavily；________a result，the river rse by 0.5 metre.答案：as 句意为：雨下得很大，结果，河水上涨了0.5米。as a result意为“结果”，符合题意。
5．—What happened ver there?—They argued________the waiter________the price f the meal.答案：with；abut argue with sb.abut sth.是固定用法，意为“就某事和某人争论”。6．It is well knwn that Thmas Edisn________the light bulb.答案：invented 句意为：众所周知，爱迪生发明了电灯泡。invent意为“发明”，符合句意。
7．His wife is in bad________nw and he has t present a smiling face thugh heavyhearted in the cmpany.答案：cnditin 句意为：他的妻子身体状况很不好，尽管心情沉重，在公司他还要强装笑脸。in bad cnditin意为“身体状况不好”，符合题意。8．The lcal gvernment is making effrts t________its peple frm pverty sn.答案：free 句意为：当地政府正在努力尽快使它的人民脱贫。free 意为“使某人摆脱”，符合题意。
9．________hnest，I didn't agree with what yu said.答案：T be “说实话”可用英语表达为：t be hnest。10．—D yu knw wh first________electricity?—As we all knw，Benjamin Franklin did.答案：discvered 问句意为：你知道谁最先发现了电吗？discver意为“发现”，符合题意。
Great Peple and Great Inventins f Ancient China
1.1.1 集合的概念
第二课时 Grammar I—Everyday English and Functin
选词填空。(wh/that/whse/where/when/why/in which/t whm)①Mencius was a thinker________teachings were very similar t thse f Cnfucius.②Mencius believed that the reasn________man is different frm animals is that man is gd.③Ancient China was a place________states were ften at war with each ther.
④It was als a time________there were many great philsphers.⑤He is an English teacher________likes singing sngs.⑥This is the park________we first met him thirty years ag.⑦Is he the persn________yu ften turn fr help?
1.sense1)n. 观念，意识，辨认力；意思，意味；见识，常识；感觉，知觉，官能①His speech left me with the sense that we wuld never be friends.他说的话让我感到我和他绝对无法做朋友。
②The five senses are sight，hearing，smell，taste and tuch.五种感觉是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。③Dgs have a keen sense f smell.狗有灵敏的嗅觉。2)v. 感觉；感知；意识；察觉She sensed what her husband was thinking.她感觉出她丈夫内心在想什么。
知识拓展senseless adj. 不省人事的；失去感觉的；愚昧的；无常识的sensible adj. 通晓事理的；明智的；可察觉的sensitive adj. 敏感的；神经过敏的a sense f directin 方向感a sense f hunger 饥饿感a sense f humur 幽默感cmmn sense 常识
the sixth sense 第六感觉in every sense 就各种意义来说；就各方面来说in a sense 在某种意义上；多少有一点make sense 有意义；讲得通；能理解
即学即用语法填空The elderly need special care in winter，as they are__________(sense)t the sudden change f weather.答案：sensitive 本题考查形容词。sensitive“敏感的”，句意是：老年人在冬天需要特别护理，因为他们对突然的天气变化很敏感。be sensitive t...“对……灵敏的/敏感的”。
2．respnsibility n. 责任；责任心；职责Anyne with a sense f respnsibility wuldn't leave the rbbery alne.任何一个有责任感的人是不会对抢劫置之不理的。知识拓展1)have the respnsibility fr...对……有责任；对……负责The Health Minister have verall respnsibility fr hspitals.卫生部长全面负责医院。
2)take n/take/accept/assume/shulder the respnsibility fr...担当对……的责任；为……负责The management accepts n respnsibility fr cars left in the car park.管理部门对停车场内的汽车不承担责任。
3)respnsible adj. 有责任的；负责任的①Yu can always trust Mary wh I think is a respnsible mnitr.你可以信任玛丽，我认为她是一个负责任的班长。②The headmaster decided t have a wrd with the persn that is respnsible fr this matter.校长决定与此事的负责人谈一谈。
即学即用完成句子The driver shuld ________ ________ ________ the injured.司机应对受伤人员负责。答案：be respnsible t
3．respect n．[U]尊敬，敬意vt.尊敬，敬重①We have great respect fr ur grandfather.我们非常尊敬祖父。②We shuld all treat lder peple with mre respect.所有人都应该更加尊重老人。③I respect her fr her hnesty.她的诚实让我对她的尊重。④Be sure t respect ther peple's rights.请尊重他人的权利。
搭配have/shw respect fr对……尊敬pay respect t对……尊敬win/gain/earn the respect f赢得……的尊敬respect sb.fr sth.因某事尊敬某人拓展respectable adj.体面的，正派的；值得尊敬的respectful adj.表示尊敬的，有礼貌的，谦恭的
即学即用语法填空The new teacher sn wn the________f his students.答案：respect 句意：这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。respect“尊敬，敬重”，符合题意。
4．justice n．[U]公正；公平；正义①They are demanding equal rights and justice.他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。②I say，in justice t him，he is a gd teacher.秉公而论，我认为他是位优秀的教师。③Withut justice，curage is weak.假如无正义，勇气也无力。
即学即用翻译句子他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。_______________________________________________答案：They are demanding equal rights and justice.
5．affrd1)vt.(有财力)买得起；付得起(可用于can，culd或be able t之后)①I'm nt sure hw they are able t affrd such expensive hlidays.我不太清楚他们怎么能负担得起这么昂贵的假期。②We need a bigger huse，but we just can't affrd the rent.我们需要一座更大的房子，只是我们付不起房租。
2)vt.有能力；足以承担(可用于can或culd之后)①I'm s busy.I can rarely affrd the luxury f a restful weekend.我太忙了。我很少能享受一个轻松的周末的奢侈。②N plitician can affrd t ignre the pwer f televisin.没有哪个政治家能无视电视的力量。知识拓展affrd sth.负担得起某物的费用affrd t d sth.负担得起做某事
即学即用翻译句子(1)我不能担负得起买一辆新车。_______________________________________________答案：I can't affrd t buy a new car.
语法填空(2)Thse pr and needy teenagers were excited t find a shp at the crner where they culd buy________(affrd)priced bikes.答案：affrdably 句意：那些贫困的青少年看到在拐角处的那家商店时很兴奋，在那里他们可以买到支付得起的自行车。affrdably“买得起地”，符合题意。
6．cntributin n. [U]捐献；贡献；[C]捐助的钱或物①Charlie Chaplin made a great cntributin t the film industry.查理·卓别林对电影业做出了巨大贡献。②I will devte my whle life t scientific research，and make cntributins t the cuntry where I was brn and the peple wh brught me up.(Pavlv)我愿用我全部的生命从事科学研究，贡献给生育我栽培我的祖国和人民。(巴甫洛夫)
知识拓展cntribute v. 贡献；有助于；捐赠①Everyne shuld cntribute what he r she can affrd.人人都应该尽自己的能力做出贡献。②He cntributed a large sum f mney t the hspital.他向医院捐了一大笔钱。③His research cntributed greatly t the prgress f science.他的研究对科学的进步有很大的贡献。
搭配1)(ding)sth.贡献He cntributed sme mney t the fld victims.他捐出一些钱给受水灾的难民。
2)cntribute t(ding)sth.有助于；导致①Yur suggestin has greatly cntributed t the accmplishment f ur wrk.你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。②I'm sure yur suggestin will cntribute t slving the prblem.我确信你的建议将有助于解决问题。 注意：以上搭配中，t是介词。此外，cntribute有时也与tward(s)或fr连用。
词语辨析cntribute，devte
①Our teacher tells us that exercise cntributes t gd health.老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。②Everyne is called n t cntribute ideas.要求人人出主意，想办法。③He devted his life t prmting wrld peace.他一生致力于促进世界和平。
即学即用完成句子(1)纸的发明是人类文明史上一项重要贡献。The inventin f paper was a great________________human civilizatin.(2)他很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。It was generus f him t________such a large sum.答案：(1)cntributin t (2)cntribute
7．invent vt. 发明；创造①He has invented a new way f making silk.他发明了一种制造丝绸的新方法。②D yu knw wh invented cmputers?你知道谁发明的电脑吗？
辨析invent，discver，find ut, find
①Gilbert discvered electricity，and Edisn invented the electric light bulb.吉尔伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了电灯。②Have yu fund ut why he was absent?你弄清他没来的原因了吗？③She fund a necklace lying n the grund.她发现地上有一条项链。拓展inventin n. [U]发明；[C]发明物inventr n. [C]发明家
即学即用语法填空用discver，invent，create的相应形式填空。(1)Wh________the telephne in 1876?(2)A new kind f animal________in Guangxi Prvince last year.(3)He is a musician and likes________music.
(4)It's knwn t us all that the Chinese first________the cmpass.(5)Say five________that are related t fd and cking.答案：(1)invented (2)was discvered (3)creating (4)invented (5)inventins
8．argument n. [C]争论；辩论；议论①It's beynd argument that his thery is true.无可争辩，他的理论是正确的。②The students had an argument with their teachers abut their unifrms.学生们就校服问题与老师们进行了一场辩论。
搭配have an argument with sb.与某人争论I had an argument with my neighbur abut a tree in his garden.我和邻居因其花园里一棵树而争了起来。
知识拓展argue v. 争论；辩论词语辨析argue，quarrelPeple generally quarrel because they cannt argue.(Chestertn)人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。(切斯特顿)
即学即用语法填空He gt int an________(argue)with Jeff in the pub last night and they didn't reach any cnclusin.答案：argument 句意：昨天晚上他跟杰夫在酒吧里发生了争论，但他们没有得出任何结论。argument“争论；辩论”，符合题意。
1.n faster than“和……一样不快”；相当于as slwly as。“n＋比较级＋than”否定两者，相当于“as＋该词的反义词＋as”。含义是“前者跟后者一样不……”。①She has n mre bks than him.她的书和他的一样少。②I'm n richer than a beggar.我穷得像个乞丐。
知识拓展“nt＋比较级＋than”表示“不如……”。①The questin is nt mre difficult than that ne.这个问题不如那个难。②I have nt mre than five yuan.我有不到5元钱。③I have n mre than five yuan.我只有5元钱。
即学即用语法填空Mr.Black is very happy because the clthes made in his factry have never been ________ppular.答案：mre 考查比较级的使用。否定比较级相当于最高级。类似的还有t，enugh。
2．billins f表达不确切的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式。又如：dzens f 许多；十几个thusands f 好几千；成千的scres f 许多；好几十tens f millins f 千百万hundreds f 好几百；成百的billins f 好几十亿tens f thusands f 好几万；成千上万hundreds f thusands f 好几十万；成几十万hundreds f millins f 好几亿；成亿的
注意：1)表达确切的数目时，用具体的数字与hundred，thusand，millin等词的单数形式连用，之后不加f，接可数名词的复数。2)表达笼统的数目时，复数hundreds，thusands，millins等词之后加f，不与具体数字连用，接可数名词的复数。
3)several或具体数字与dzen，hundred，thusand，millin等词连用表达具体数目时，若使用f，必须后接“the/thse/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋名词复数”。4)many可以和表达笼统数目的hundreds f，thusands f，millins f，billins f等连用。
即学即用语法填空Several________(millin)peple in the wrld are sending infrmatin by email every day.答案：millin several或具体数字与dzen，hundred，thusand，millin等词连用表达具体数目时，若使用f，必须后接“the/thse/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋名词复数”。
3．in cnclusin 最后；总之I will in cnclusin say a few wrds abut discipline.最后我要简单谈一下有关纪律的问题。知识拓展cnclude v. 结束；下结论；推断cnclusive adj. 确定的；最后的；结论的reach/draw a cnclusin 得出结论；下结论jump t a cndusin妄下断论cme t a cnclusin 得出结论；结束We have reached the cnclusin that this is a true stry.我们获得的结论是，这是一个真实的故事。
即学即用句型转换(1)It was cncluded that we needn't change ur plan.We ________ ________ ________ ________ that we needn't change the plan.答案：came t the cnclusin
根据提示完成句子(2)他看到我的手提箱摆在大厅，就妄断我要离开。He saw my suitcase in the hall and ______________________ ________that I was leaving.(3)从她的话中我得不出任何结论。I can't________________________frm what she said.答案：(2)jumped t a cnclusin (3)draw a cnclusin
Hwever，we d knw that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clck.然而，我们的确知道他在公元1092年发明了第一块时钟。本句为“d/des/did＋动词原形”强调句型，其中的d/des/did在句中要重读。
a)本句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式，只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定和疑问形式。①She did tell me abut her address，but I frgt all abut it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。②She des cme frm a Eurpean cuntry.她的确来自欧洲的一个国家。
b)在祈使句中运用“d＋动词原形”，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。①D cme n time next time.下次请务必按时来。②D cme in and sit dwn.请快进来坐下。知识拓展“强调句型”种种：It ＋动词原形
即学即用语法填空(1)—Why didn't yu call Mary last week?—I________call her，but the line was busy then.答案：did 句意：“你上个星期为什么没有给玛丽打电话？”“我确实打过，但是那时候占线。”强调谓语动词时要用助动词d的不同形式加动词原形，而且只能用于肯定句中。
(2)—I'd like t，but...—________cme please!答案：D 句意：“我很想去，但是……”“请一定要来！”为了加强祈使句的语气，在动词前加d，表示恳求。
表解语法助记定语从句1．关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。关系副词的具体用法见下表：
2.关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下两种方式判断：
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词which，whm作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词之前，形成“介词＋which/whm”结构。
注意：(1)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如lk after，call n等不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。(2)“介词＋关系代词”中的代词指人时用whm，指物时用which，不能用that和wh。
语法填空(1)When deeply absrbed in wrk，______he ften was，he wuld frget all abut eating r sleeping.答案：which/in which 本题考查定语从句。 句意：当他全心投入工作时，他常常忘记吃饭和睡觉。从句中缺表语，由which充当。
(2)The air quality in the city，________is shwn in the reprt，has imprved ver the past tw mnths.答案：as 本题考查关系代词的用法。句意：就像报告中所表明的那样，这城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已有改善。as 引导非限制性定语从句，且as代表整个主句的意思。常用于句型as is shwn/reprted/annunced...等等。
(3)Care f the sul is a gradual prcess________even the small details f life shuld be cnsidered.答案：in which/where 考查定语从句。句意：心灵的养护是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中即使小细节也应被考虑到。定语从句不缺主语、宾语，in which相当于where。(4)After the flding，peple were suffering in that area，________urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter t survive.答案：wh 考查定语从句。本句的先行词是peple，故用wh引导定语从句。
(5)By 1630，________was almst clsing time，nearly all the paintings had been sld.答案：which 考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语。(6)It is the third time that she has wn the race，________has surprised us all. 答案：which 本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使得我们大家非常吃惊。本题为非限制性定语从句，且关系词代表整个主句的意思，故只能用which。
(7)In ur class there are 46 students，________half wear glasses.答案：f whm 本题考查非限制性定语从句的“介词＋关系代词”结构。分析句子结构可知，后一分句是非限制性定语从句，此处表示所属关系，故用介词f。句意：我们班里有46名同学，其中有一半戴眼镜。
(8)We live in an age________mre infrmatin is available with greater ease than ever befre.答案：when 本题考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个比过去更容易获取信息的时代。先行词是age，表示时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，故用when。如果使用“介词＋关系代词”，应是in which。
(9)Sales directr is a psitin________cmmunicatin ability is just as imprtant as sales skills.答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。psitin职位，在此处相当于抽象地点；其后的定语从句不缺主语或宾语；where在这里相当于in which。(10)Everyne has perids in their lives________everything seems very hard.答案：when/in which 句意：每个人在生活当中都会有一切事情都不顺心的时期。所填关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词perids，并在从句中作时间状语，所以用when/in which。
(11)D yu knw the year________the Chinese Cmmunist Party was funded?答案：in which/when 句意：你知道中国共产党是在哪一年成立的吗？时间名词the year是定语从句先行词，并且从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故须用表示时间的关系副词when或in which引导，在定语从句中作时间状语。
(12)When night fell，we finally reached an ld temple______the villagers used as a schl.答案：which/that 句意：夜幕降临时，我们终于到达了村民们用作学校的一座旧庙。定语从句先行词是an ld temple，且从句中动词used缺宾语，故须用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。
(13)The factry________Mr Li used t wrk was clsed last week.答案：where/in which 句意：李先生过去工作的那家工厂上周关闭了。the factry为先行词，表示地点，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应填关系副词where或in which。 (14)Duncan didn't tell me the reasn________their team had failed t win the game.答案：why 句意：邓肯没有告诉我他们队输掉比赛的原因。所填关系词引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示原因的名词reasn，故用why。
(15)The tl________he is wrking is called a hammer.答案：with which 句意：他干活时用的那个工具叫锤子。由定语从句中的谓语动词wrk可判断用with，将其放到从句中即“he is wrking with”。(16)He asked me a few questins________there were n answers.答案：t which 句意：他问了我一些根本没有答案的问题。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的介词在本题中由answer与t搭配而定，故引导词用t which。
(17)The ld wrker________we knw much is ur parttime teacher.He is in his seventies.答案：abut whm 句意：这位我们很了解的老工人现在是我们的兼职教师，他现在70多岁了。此题为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。knw abut意为“了解”，故用abut whm。
(18)It's ne f the few cuntries________peple drive n the left.答案：where/in which 句意：这是为数不多的几个靠左行驶的国家之一。所填关系词引导定语从句修饰cuntries，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where或in which引导。
(19)I was brn in New Orleans，Luisiana，a city________name will create a picture f beautiful trees and green grass in ur mind.答案：whse 本题考查定语从句。句中name是city一个特征或构成部分，是从属关系，因此用whse引导定语从句修饰先行词New Orleans。
(20)Gun cntrl is a subject________Americans have argued fr a lng time.答案：abut which 考查定语从句，先行词是a subject，指物，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue abut sth。
(21)A persn________email accunt is full wn't be able t send r receive any emails.答案：whse 考查定语从句，________email accunt is full是从句部分，所以填引导词whse。句意：电子邮箱账户满了的话，人们就不能发送或者接收邮件了。(22)It's helpful t put children in a situatin________they can see themselves differently.答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。先行词是situatin，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where或in which。
(23)Children wh are nt active r ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.答案：whse 本题考查定语从句关系词。句意：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。本定语从句中缺少定语，故用引导词whse。(24)The girl arranged t have pian lessns at the training centre with her sister ________ she wuld stay fr an hur.答案：where/in which 考查定语从句。先行词为centre，she wuld stay fr an hur 不缺宾语或主语，故要填状语，表地点用where或in which。
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Edisn is a famus________(发明家)all ver the wrld.2．His________(诚实)makes him very ppular amng his friends.3．This kind f clth feels________(柔软的)．4．The________(皮革)shes made in this factry are very ppular.5．He has made great________(贡献)t his hmetwn.6．They are fighting fr better wrking________(环境)．
7．He has a sense f________(公正)，s we all like him.8．They had an________(争辩)abut where t spend the hliday.9．During the summer hliday，we can enjy sme ______________(自由)．10．It is knwn that________(燃料)like cal and il cause a lt f pllutin.答案：1.inventr 2.hnesty 3.sft 4.leather 5.cntributin(s) 6.cnditins 7.justice 8.argument 9.freedm 10.fuels
4．As a result f the________f cmputers，much wrk can easily and crrectly be dne.5．The lnglasting meeting，filled with________，ended in disrder.答案：1.Hnesty 2.justice 3.cntributins 4.inventin 5.arguments
Ⅲ.语法填空1．Frm May 1，smking will be banned in indr public places in China.Fr________(第一次)，China has put smking cntrl int its natinal ecnmic and scial develpment prgram.答案：the first time 句意为：从五月一号起，中国将禁止在室内公共场所吸烟。这是中国第一次把控制吸烟纳入国民经济和社会发展议程。fr the first time意为“第一次”，在句中独立作状语；the first time意为“第一次……的时候”，用作连词引导时间状语从句。
2．As we all knw，the present wrld financial crisis(危机)has a serius________n the develpment f the ecnmy f every cuntry.答案：effect 句意为：众所周知，目前的世界经济危机对于每一个国家的经济发展都有严重的影响。have an effect n意为“对……有影响”。
3．Smking t much may cntribute________lung cancer and cause ther diseases.答案：t 句意为：吸烟太多可能会促成肺癌和引起其他疾病。cntribute t意为“促成”，是固定词组。4．It rained heavily；________a result，the river rse by 0.5 metre.答案：as 句意为：雨下得很大，结果，河水上涨了0.5米。as a result意为“结果”，符合题意。
5．—What happened ver there?—They argued________the waiter________the price f the meal.答案：with；abut argue with sb.abut sth.是固定用法，意为“就某事和某人争论”。6．It is well knwn that Thmas Edisn________the light bulb.答案：invented 句意为：众所周知，爱迪生发明了电灯泡。invent意为“发明”，符合句意。
7．His wife is in bad________nw and he has t present a smiling face thugh heavyhearted in the cmpany.答案：cnditin 句意为：他的妻子身体状况很不好，尽管心情沉重，在公司他还要强装笑脸。in bad cnditin意为“身体状况不好”，符合题意。8．The lcal gvernment is making effrts t________its peple frm pverty sn.答案：free 句意为：当地政府正在努力尽快使它的人民脱贫。free 意为“使某人摆脱”，符合题意。
9．________hnest，I didn't agree with what yu said.答案：T be “说实话”可用英语表达为：t be hnest。10．—D yu knw wh first________electricity?—As we all knw，Benjamin Franklin did.答案：discvered 问句意为：你知道谁最先发现了电吗？discver意为“发现”，符合题意。
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