外研版必修3Module 3 The Violence of Nature示范课ppt课件

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The Vilence f Nature
1.1.1　集合的概念
第二课时　Grammar I—Everyday English and Functin
Ⅰ.过去完成时的被动结构根据汉语完成句子。①By the time the trnad ended，mre than 700 peple______________.到龙卷风结束时，700多人已经死亡了。②Cghlan travelled back t Canada—after he___________________in Texas!科格伦在埋葬在得克萨斯州之后又回到了加拿大！
had been killed
had been buried
③Many tall buildings had been built in this city____________last year.到去年年底这个城市建起了许多高楼大厦。④Six hundred trees had been planted by them_____________________.到上星期三之前他们已经种了600棵树了。
by the end f
befre last Wednesday
Ⅱ.间接引语根据汉语完成句子。①He said，“I am wrking nw.”→He said that he_____________then.他说他那时正在工作。②She said，“D yu ften cme here t read newspapers？”→She________me if/whether I ften________there t read newspapers.她问我是不是经常去那里读报。
③He asked，“Where d yu live？”→He asked me_____________.他问我住在哪里。④“G ut！”the man said t the by.→The man________the by________g ut.那人命令男孩出去。
where I lived
1.ruin1)n. 倒塌的建筑物；废墟常用于结构：be/lie in ruins 破烂不堪；呈一片废墟①Did yu see the ruins f a bmbed­ut ffice blck?你见到过被炸毁的办公楼的废墟吗？ ②The castle nw lies in ruins.这座城堡已成为一片废墟了。
2)vt.(完全地)毁坏；毁掉；使破产①She pured water all ver the painting and ruined it.她把水倒在这幅画上，把画毁了。②I was ruined by that law case.我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
知识拓展be in ruins 呈一片废墟fall int ruin 已成废墟bring sth.t ruin 使毁灭cme t ruin 毁灭；落空g t ruin 毁灭ruin neself 自我毁灭
词语辨析　ruin，destry
即学即用语法填空Her injury________(ruin)her chances f winning the race this time but she will keep n ding her best t achieve her dream.答案：has ruined　句意：她的伤病毁灭了她这次赢得比赛的机会，但是她会为了实现自己的梦想继续努力。ruin“毁坏；毁灭”，后可接抽象名词，符合题意。
2．erupt vi.(火山的)爆发；喷发；突然发生①The vlcan erupted and killed all the dinsaurs.火山爆发，杀死了所有的恐龙。②Laughter erupted frm the audience.观众爆发出笑声。③Vilence erupted in the city after the ftball match.足球赛后城市发生了暴力事件。
词语辨析erupt，explde，burst
知识拓展eruptin n. [U，C](火山的)爆发；喷发；突发①The eruptin f vlcan makes many peple lse their lives.火山的爆发使许多人丧失了生命。②It resulted in the eruptin f the crisis in Asia.那件事促成了亚洲危机的发生。
即学即用语法填空It was during the night that the vlcan ________(erupt)suddenly，s few peple survived.答案：erupted　句意：火山是在晚上突然爆发的，所以几乎没人活下来。erupt指火山的“喷发”。符合题意。
3．previus adj. 先的；前的；以前的①Wh was the previus wner f the car?这辆汽车以前的车主是谁？②Have yu had previus career experience?你过去有过工作经验吗？
搭配previus t 在……之前①His father died tw hurs previus t his arrival.他父亲在他到达之前两小时去世了。②Previus t leaving fr France，he studied a lt abut the cuntry.他在启程去法国前，对有关法国的事情作了相当多的研究。
词语辨析previus，frmer①He said he had arrived n the previus night.他说他是前一天夜里到达的。②She is my frmer landlady.她是我以前的房东。
即学即用语法填空In the pening ceremny，the________champinship，wearing his gld medal，lit the flame gladly.答案：previus　句意：在开幕式上，上一届冠军戴着金牌高兴地点燃了圣火。previus“先前的；早先的”，符合题意。
4．pssibility n. 可能；可能性；可能发生的事(常用复数)①Is there any pssibility f yur getting t Lndn this week?本周你有可能去伦敦吗？②What seemed impssible seems a distinct pssibility.过去看似不可能的事现在显然有可能了。知识拓展pssible adj. 可能的I'll d everything pssible t help yu.我会尽一切可能帮助你。
词语辨析pssible，prbable，likely
①Frst is pssible，althugh unlikely，at this time f year.在一年中的这个时候，下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性并不大。②It's highly prbable that they will win the match.他们很可能会赢得这场比赛。③It's very likely t clear up by and by.很可能不久要放晴了。
即学即用语法填空(1)—Is there any pssibility________yu culd pike me up at the airprt?—N prblem.答案：that　题意：“你有可能去机场接我吗？”“没问题。”pssibility后是说明其内容的同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，故用that引导。
根据汉语提示完成句子(2)人们在进行滑板运动时，会意识到可能受伤吗？Is everyne aware f________________________injury when skatebarding?答案：the pssibility f
5．terrifying adj. 吓人的；可怕的Last night I heard a terrifying sund.昨晚我听到了可怕的声音。知识拓展1)terrified adj. 恐惧的；受惊吓的He was terrified at the sight.看到这景象他吓了一跳。2)terrify vt. 使恐怖；恐吓The nise which he had made terrified me.他弄的这些声音吓了我一跳。
3)英语中一些表心理变化的动词，其­ing和­ed形式通常起形容词作用，在句中作定语或表语。­ing形式表示“令人……的”；ed形式表示“某人感到……的”。常见的成对的形容词有：interesting 有趣的；引起兴趣的/interested 对……感兴趣的surprising 令人惊奇的/surprised 对……感到惊奇的exciting 令人兴奋的/excited 对……感到兴奋的mving 感动人的/mved 受感动的inspiring 鼓舞人心的/inspired 受到鼓舞的puzzling 令人迷惑的/puzzled 感到迷惑的
即学即用语法填空The little girl std there，nt knwing what t d，______(terrify)by what she had seen.答案：terrified　根据句子结构可知，该句不是并列句。terrify意为“使害怕”，与句子主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用动词­ed形式。
6．luckily/frtunately 幸运地是(常用作插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开)Luckily/Frtunately，I passed the exam.幸运的是，我考试及格了。知识拓展1)反义词：unluckily/unfrtunatelyUnluckily/Unfrtunately，he didn't get the jb.不幸的是，他没有得到这份工作。
2)lucky/frtunate adj. 好运的，幸运的①It was lucky/frtunate that I met yu here.我在这儿见到你真走运。②I was very lucky(frtunate)t get a cpy s cheap.我这么便宜地买到一本，真是幸运极了。3)luck n. 运气　frtune n. 运气；财富4)常用来修饰全句的副词有：frtunately/luckily(幸运地)；unfrtunately/unluckily(不幸的是)；thankfully(感谢地)；hpefully(满怀希望地)；sadly(悲伤地)；happily(高兴地)。
即学即用语法填空________(frtunate), the fire was discvered sn after it had started.答案：Frtunately　题意：幸运的是，大火刚着不久就被发现了。frtunately“幸运地”，符合题意。
7．warning n. 警告；告诫①Thanks t my mther's warning，I didn't get caught in the rain.多亏了妈妈的警告，我没有挨雨淋。②There is a warning n the bttle f the medicine.那药瓶上标有注意事项。
知识拓展warn vt.1)(常与f，against/abut连用)警告；提醒；告诫①I was warned f the man.有人警告我要提防那个男人。②Our teacher warned him against smking.我们老师警告他不要吸烟。上句也可说成：Our teacher warned him nt t smke.
②I warned him f the danger.我提醒他有危险。③He had been warned nt t talk t anyne.已警告过他不要与任何人交谈。④He warned me against crssing the street at that place.他警告我不要在那个地方过马路。
即学即用语法填空My father warned me________ging t the West Cast because it was crwded with turists.答案：against　考查介词用法。句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb.against ding sth.相当于warn sb.nt t d sth, 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。
8．thankfully1)adv. 幸亏①There was a fire in the building，but thankfully n ne was hurt.大楼失火了，但幸好没有伤着人。②Thankfully，the huse was empty when I gt hme.谢天谢地，我到家的时候房子还空着。2)adv. 高兴地；感激地I accepted the invitatin thankfully.我愉快地接受了邀请。
知识拓展thank v. 谢谢；感谢thankless adj. 不感激的；不领情的thanks n. 感谢；感激Thanksgiving n. 感恩节
即学即用语法填空________(thankful)，I managed t get thrugh the game and the pain was wrth it in the end.答案：Thankfully　thankfully用于表示高兴或宽慰，意为“感激地，满怀感谢地；感到欣慰地，感到高兴地”。符合题意。
9．hpefully adv. 满怀希望地；有希望地①The fans waited hpefully in the hall t see their favurite singer.歌迷们满怀希望地在大厅里等待，以期见到他们最喜欢的歌手。②Hpefully we'll have finished the prject by the end f this mnth.我们有希望于本月底结束这项工程。
知识拓展hpeful adj.满怀希望的；有希望的①He was the mst hpeful candidate fr the presidency.他是最有希望当选总统的候选人。②I'm hpeful that he'll arrive early.他会早到的，我对此抱有希望。
即学即用语法填空The cmmittee is discussing the prblem right nw.It will________(hpeful)have been slved by the end f next week.答案：hpefully　考查副词辨义。hpefully“有希望地”，符合题意。句意：委员会正在讨论这个问题，有希望在下个周末得到解决。
10．sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地①He stared sadly at the ruins f his huse.他悲伤地凝视着他那坍塌的房屋。②Sadly，he died befre he culd see his grandchild.不幸的是，在看到孙子之前他就去世了。知识拓展sad adj. 悲伤的；难过的sadness n．(sad 悲哀＋ness名词后缀)悲哀，悲伤
即学即用语法填空They lked________(sad)at the burnt clthes and didn't knw________t d.答案：sadly；what　第一个空格为副词sadly修饰短语动词lk at；第二个空格为“what＋不定式”结构。句意：他们伤心地看着被烧坏的衣服，不知所措。
11．manage vi.设法，努力，争取；管理①We managed t get what we wanted.我们设法得到了我们想要的东西。②We finally managed t get there in time.最后我们及时赶到了那里。③The ld man is managing the stre all by himself.这个老人独自经营这家商店。
搭配manage t d设法做成注意：manage后只能接动词不定式作宾语，不可接动名词。英语中很多词都是强调结果的，如果做不到或不成功就不能使用，manage就是其中一个。此外还有：escape(逃脱)与flee(逃跑)；persuade(说服)与advise(劝说)；save(救出)与rescue(营救)；see(看到)与lk(看)；be able t(强调做到)与can(只强调可能性)；sht at(向……射击)与sht(射中)；listen(听)与hear(听见)等。
辨析manage，tryThey tried time and time again and at last they managed t escape t Suth America.他们试了一次又一次，最后设法逃到了南美。
拓展manager n．[C]经理　management n．[U]管理即学即用语法填空The readings in the paper is rather difficult，but the girl managed________read it ver and gt the general idea.答案：t　句意：报上的内容很难，但这个姑娘却读通了它，还了解了其大意。manage t d sth.“设法做成了某事”，强调结果，符合题意。
1.accrding t...根据；按照；据……所说；按……所记载①Accrding t tday's newspaper，the chairman has gne abrad.据今天的报纸报道，主席已经出国了。②Accrding t the radi，it will be snwy tday.据广播报道，今天将会下雪。
知识拓展accrd n. 一致；符合；vi.& vt. 相符合；一致；授予；赠予accrdance n. 一致；和谐in accrd with 与……一致；与……相符with ne accrd 一致地；一致同意地f ne's wn accrd 出于自愿；主动地in accrdance with 与……一致；按照We acted in accrdance with yur wish.我们是按你们的意愿办事的。
即学即用翻译句子据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。_______________________________________________答案：Accrding t Mick，it's a great mvie.
2．catch fire 着火①This material is nt easy t catch fire.这种材料不易着火。②Take that carpet away—it might catch fire.把那块地毯拿开，它可能会着火。
即学即用语法填空The pile f paper can't________fire；smene must have________fire t it.答案：catch；set　题意：这堆纸不会自己着火，肯定是有人点着的。catch fire“着火”，侧重动作，均为固定搭配。
3．put ut 扑灭(火)；关(灯)；伸出；生产；出版①The firemen sn put the fire ut.消防队员不久就扑灭了那场火。②The dctr tld the by t put ut his tngue.医生让男孩把舌头伸出来。③The plant puts ut 50 cars a week.这个工厂每周生产50辆汽车。
④They have put ut a weekly newspaper.他们已经出版了一份周报。
词语辨析　put ut，g ut①The fire spread s quickly that they culdn't put it ut.火势蔓延太快， 他们无法将其扑灭。②There was a pwer cut and all the lights went ut.停电了，所有的灯都熄灭了。
即学即用语法填空The fire was________at the cst f a fireman's life.答案：put ut　句意：这场火灾的扑灭是以一位消防队员的生命为代价的。put ut“扑灭；熄灭”，为及物动词短语，符合题意。
4．take place 发生；举行①The stry tk place in a seaside village.这个故事发生在海边的一个村子里。②When will the ftball match take place?足球比赛什么时候举行？
词语辨析　take place，ccur，happen
①When will the wedding take place?婚礼何时举行？②Thunderstrms ften ccur in summer.雷雨常发生于夏天。③Hw did the accident happen?事故是如何发生的？
即学即用—Have yu heard f the stry The Merchant f Venice?—N.When and where did the stry the________？答案：place　题意：“你听说过《威尼斯商人》这个故事吗？”“没有。这个故事是在什么时间什么地方发生的？”take place“发生”，符合题意。
表解语法助记(Ⅰ)过去完成时的被语态由“助动词had＋been＋过去分词”构成。
表解语法助记(Ⅱ)(1)时态变化
(2)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化
①Jack said，“I have been wrking here fr a dzen years.”→Jack said that he had been wrking there fr a dzen years.杰克说他在那儿工作12年了。②He said t me，“I read it yesterday.”→He tld me that he had read it the day befre.他告诉我他昨天已经读过了。③The teacher said，“Please bring all the bks dwnstairs up here.”→The teacher asked the students t take all the bks dwnstairs up there.老师让学生把楼下所有的书拿到楼上来。
即学即用语法填空(1)—Gerge and Lucy gt married last mnth.Did yu g t their wedding?—N，I________(invite)．答案：hadn't been invited　句意：“乔治和露西上月结婚了。你去参加他们的婚礼了吗？”“没有。我没被邀请”。婚礼是在上个月举行，被邀请应是在婚礼举行之前，所以是过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。
(2)Althugh the city________(strike)by strms several times，little damage was dne.答案：had been struck　句意：虽然这个城市几次遭到暴风雨的袭击，但几乎没有受到损坏。动词strike与主语the city之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态。strike这一动作发生在was dne之前，即“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时。
(3)What made the schl famus was that mre than 90% f the students________(admit)t key universities.答案：had been admitted　句意：使这所学校出名的是90%的学生被重点大学录取。mre than 90% f the students与admit之间是被动关系，且admit这一动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用过去完成时的被动结构。
(4)—I beg yur pardn?—I want t buy tthpaste.—Oh.Yu said________wanted t buy tthpaste.答案：yu　句意：“请再说一遍好吗？”“我想买牙膏。”“哦。你说你想买牙膏。”直接引语变为间接引语时，第一人称要改为与引述部分主语一致的人称。
(5)—Ann，what did the teacher say?—She said________film was mving.答案：that　句意：“安，老师说什么了？”“她说那部电影很感人。”在直接引语中指示代词用this，在间接引语中用that。(6)He tld me that he wuld g t the z ________(tmrrw)．答案：the next day　句意：他告诉我说他第二天要去动物园。在间接引语中表示将来的时间状语tmrrw要变为the next day或the fllwing day。
(7)Tim________(ask)me t repeat my address.答案：asked　句意：蒂姆要我重复一下自己的地址。若直接引语是表示请求或命令的祈使句，变为间接引语时，应使用ask sb.(nt)t d sth.结构。(8)He said that he________(visit)mst places f interest in Eurpe by then and that he________(leave fr)China the next day.答案：had visited；wuld leave fr　句意：他说到那时他已经参观了欧洲的大部分名胜，他将于第二天前往中国。直接引语中的现在完成时转换为间接引语时应改为过去完成时；直接引语中的一般将来时转换为间接引语时应改为过去将来时。
(9)Miss Wu asked Tm why he________(nt turn ff)the light when he left.答案：hadn't turned ff　句意：吴老师问汤姆为什么走的时候不关灯。由主句和when引导的时间状语从句可判断用过去完成时；asked后为间接引语，应用陈述语序。 (10)Yesterday ur teacher tld us that light________(travel)much faster than sunds.答案：travels　句意：昨天老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快得多。直接引语是客观真理和永恒不变的事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
(11)Our headmaster________(tell)us t keep ff the grass.答案：tld　句意：校长要求我们不要践踏草坪。若直接引语是表示命令或请求的祈使句，变为间接引语时，应使用tell/rder/ask sb.(nt)t d sth.结构。(12)One f my friends asked me ________ I was interested in music.答案：whether　句意：我的一个朋友问我是否对音乐感兴趣。直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，用whether或if来引导。
(13)“Hw much did yu pay fr the cmputer？”he asked.→He asked ________ fr the cmputer.答案：hw much I paid　句意：他问我这台电脑花了多少钱。直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，应变成由疑问词引导的宾语从句，且从句用陈述语序。(14)“Have yu ever been t America？”he asked me.→He asked me________.答案：whether I had ever been t America　句意：他问我是否去过美国。直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语要变为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。主句谓语为一般过去时，直接引语为现在完成时，变为间接引语时要用过去完成时。
(15)When I phned him that day，he tld me that he________(d)sme research and________(have)n time fr a picnic ut.答案：was ding；had　句意：那天我给他打电话的时候，他告诉我他正在作研究，没有时间出去野餐。直接引语中的现在进行时在间接引语中应改为过去进行时；直接引语中的一般现在时在间接引语中应改为一般过去时。
Ⅰ.单词拼写1. There is n________(可能)f his arriving n time.2．The passenger was ________(幸运的)enugh t escape being injured in the accident.3．Smke and flames came ut f the ________(火山)as it erupted.4．My new schl is much bigger than my________(以前的)ne.5．That must have been a ________(可怕的)experience fr yu.
6．Only a few f the mre strngly built huses remained standing after the________(地震)．7．Smene must have been here recently；these________(灰)are still warm.8．The questin was whether t punish him r t let him ff with a________(警告)．答案：1.pssibility　2.frtunate/lucky　3.vlcan　4.previus/frmer　5.terrifying　6.earthquake　7.ashes8．warning
Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. The place was visited recently as a result f a serius vlcanic________(erupt)．2．My repeated________(warn)t her went in at ne ear and ut at the ther.3．When they heard the bad news，they all lked at the master ________(sad)．4．She fell ff her bicycle last night，but________(thank)she wasn't hurt.
5．There is________(pssible)that human beings will ever be cntrlled by rbts.6．The flight acrss the cean in a small plane is a__________(terrify)experience.答案：1.eruptin　2.warnings　3.sadly　4.thankfully5．pssibility　6.terrifying
Ⅲ.语法填空1．It is said that the ld cins________(bury)under the earth fr abut 100 years by the time they were discvered.答案：had been buried　“by the time＋表示过去的时间状语从句”与过去完成时连用，且bury和the ld cins是动宾关系。
2．—Were yu late fr the film?—Very late.Half f it________(shw)by the time we________(reach)the cinema.答案：had been shwn；reached　by the time＋时间状语从句，当从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词则用过去完成时。
3．By the time I gt t the schl，the first class________finished.答案：had been　当gt t the schl这一动作发生时，finish这一动作已经完成，且finish和the first class为动宾关系，用过去完成时。4．All the preparatin fr the task________(cmplete)，and we went hme happily.答案：had been cmpleted　all the preparatin fr the task与cmplete之间为动宾关系，且在went hme这一动作发生时，cmplete这一动作已经完成，故用过去完成时。
5．Mrs.Jhnsn said，“I drew the picture last week.”→Mrs.Jhnsn said that________the picture________.答案：she had drawn；the week befre　直接引语变为间接引语时，原来的第一人称变为第三人称，原来的一般过去时变为过去完成时，原来的时间状语last week变为the week befre。6．I tld yu________(nt buy)that car，and nw lk what has happened.答案：nt t buy　tell sb.nt t d sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。
7．Mr.Green asked Lily________she had written t her father________(yesterday)．答案：whether；the day befre　间接引语中主句的谓语动词是asked时，宾语从句用if或whether引导，且在间接引语中，应将yesterday改为the day befre。8．She asked me________I________(see)a film like that befre.答案：whether；had seen　宾语从句应用陈述语序，且时态要与主句的谓语动词保持一致。
9．I remember yu mentined the thing n a________ccasin.答案：previus　句意：我记得你在以前的一个场合曾提到过这件事。previus“以前的”，符合题意。10．Dn't thrw the cigarette ends int the paper basket，therwise yu'll________fire t the huse.答案：set　句意：不要把烟头扔在废纸篓里，否则你会把房子点着的。固定短语set fire t...意为“放火；使燃烧”。