Unit 4　Living with technology Part 2-2022版英语选择性必修第二册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Part 2　Grammar and usage &Integrated skills

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.The flight carried about 100 passengers and landed on Tuesday afternoon, according to an 　　　(航空公司) spokeswoman. 

2.The teacher appointed a hard-working and outgoing student as 　　　(班长) of our class. 

3.Our cultural performances once again were the 　　　(最好的部分) of the day and charmed the audience. 

4.Drivers currently face a penalty of six points on their driving 　　　(执照) for doing so. 

5.　　　(小麦)is grown in places which have cold winters and warm, dry summers. 

Ⅱ.选词填空

on the decrease;a large quantity of;spy on;be buried in;conclude with

1.The device can be used to steal personal and financial data, and　　　　　　 other users. 

2.He 　　　　　　his detective story again,believing he could make a great writer. 

3.A local newspaper remarked that violent things were 　　　　　　. 

4.Like the Olympics, the World Games begin with an opening ceremony and 　　　　　　a closing ceremony. 

5.　　　　　　 water is stored in the reservoir,waiting to be delivered to houses. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.The 　　　　(distribute) of iPhones among students has raised concerns that they will further distract students from class participation. 

2.The experiment indicates that the method which is used in tide 　　　　(predict) is practicable and effective. 

3.The temperature tomorrow will decrease 　　　　-15 degrees Celsius. 

4.This medicine is poisonous if taken 　　　　large quantities. 

5.This poses 　　　　threat to agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health. 

6.The government ordered the company to stop 　　　　(legal) activities and pay a fine of $2 billion, which is equal to 4 percent of its sales in 2019. 

7.People who are really 　　　　(muscle), like athletes, may have a BMI score in the “overweight” range but they actually have very little body fat. 

8.To protect the health of their own people and the international marine environment, China, as Japan's close neighbor, expressed concern, which is perfectly natural and 　　　　(justify). 

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.不可否认,成功的事业在于健康的身心。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　a successful career lies in a healthy body and mind. 

2.我表哥去深圳了,希望在那儿找份工作。

My cousin went to Shenzhen,　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　there. 

3.据说她很有成功的把握。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　she is quite sure of success. 

4.他不仅做出了许诺,而且信守诺言。

　　　 　　　did he make a promise, 　　　　　　he kept it. 

5.那是一本英语小说,书名我忘了。

It was an English novel, 　　　　　　　　　　　　I have forgotten. 

6.明天8点到10点之间请不要给我打电话,我那时正在上课。

Please don't call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I 　　　　　　　　　my classes then. 

Ⅴ.用所给词的正确时态填空

　　Now they　1　 (sit) in their classroom. They 　2　 (listen) to their teacher. This time tomorrow they 　3　 (sit) in the cinema. They 　4　(watch) a film. On Saturday there 　5　(be) no class, either. So this time on Saturday they 　6　 (stay) at home. They 　7　 (do) other things. Bill 　8　 (play) basketball. Ann　9　 (shop) in the supermarket. George 　10　 (have) breakfast. 

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021江苏淮安高二上期中,)

Self-driving cars are so popular that the University of Michigan has even established a town called Mcity to allow car manufacturers to safely test their autonomous cars.

While Mcity can be used to simulate(模拟) many real-life road conditions,it cannot help test gestures drivers use to communicate their intention to other drivers,pedestrians or cyclists.To find a solution,the US car manufacturer Ford,with researchers from Virginia Tech,firstly considered using text as a way to communicate the car's intention,but decided it would probably not work universally.The option of using symbols was also discarded,because research showed that the majority of people did not have a good understanding of what they meant.

Finally,the researchers settled on light signals. A white light warned that there were no humans in the car.A slow blinking one indicated that the car was coming to a stop,while a rapidly flashing light cautioned passers-by that the car was about to accelerate.

Then came the big challenge—testing the signals on the real road.“We need to try out this new lighting to communicate the intention of the vehicle,but if you've got a driver behind the seat,you still have natural communication between humans,” said Andy Shaudt,who led the Virginia Tech research team.“So we need to make it look like a driverless car.”

The team designed a car seat costume(服装) that the driver would wear to cover his or her face and upper body.Of course, the driver could see very clearly.The researchers then equipped the car with cameras to capture human reactions to a light bar on the windshield(挡风玻璃),which flashed one of the three signals when appropriate. Six drivers,all keeping their hands low on the wheel so as not to be detected,took turns to test driving the car through the busy streets.

The overall reaction to the flashing lights was very encouraging.Who knew costumes could be useful for more than Halloween?

1.What did the team consider using as a way to communicate the car's intention?

A.Light.　　　　　　B.Language.

C.Symbols.   D.Sound.

2.What does the underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refer to?

A.Symbols.   B.Drivers.

C.Researchers.   D.Flashes.

3.The car seat costume was intended to 　　　. 

A.amuse the drivers

B.attract the pedestrians

C.warn the cyclists

D.confuse the people

B

(2021辽宁大连高二上期末统考,)

Self-driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful.They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents.But how should driverless cars handle emergencies? People disagree on the answer. And that might put a brake on this, a new study concludes.

To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians(行人) in the road.Even with braking, it's too late to avoid a crash. So the car's artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve(急转弯). To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic? What if such options would likely kill the car's driver?

Researchers used online surveys to study people's attitudes towards such situations with driverless cars.Survey participants mostly agreed that automated cars should be designed to protect the most people. But there's a dilemma(困境).Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs—even if the pedestrians would end up dying.

Makers of computerized cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefon's group warns.Most buyers would want their cars to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people.However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good.That would mean saving the most people.But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.

Compromises might be possible, Kurt Gray says.He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decline.Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they “won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society.”

4.Compared with the traditional cars, what's the advantage of driverless cars?

A.People can more easily afford them.

B.They do greater harm to the environment.

C.They can decrease traffic jams.

D.The traffic accidents are likely to be on the increase.

5.What do we learn from the text?

A.People are in a difficult situation about driverless cars.

B.Car makers believe driverless cars could attract buyers.

C.Most buyers would want their cars to protect the pedestrians.

D.Survey participants think driverless cars should protect the least people.

6.What is Kurt Gray's attitude toward self-driving cars?

A.Doubtful. B.Favorable.

C.Sympathetic. D.Disapproving.

7.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A.Environment. B.Entertainment.

C.Health. D.Technology.

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2021河北深州长江中学高二下月考,)

COVID-19 has closed schools and public libraries across the United States. However, a librarian in Virginia has thought of a(n) 　1　 way to keep kids reading, free of charge. Drones(无人机)will deliver books of their 　2　 straight to their door.Kelly Passek, a middle school librarian in Virginia's Montgomery County School District, is an early 　3　 of a drone delivery service.Set up by a company called Wing, the pilot project has been delivering household products by drones to her for some time. 

It didn't take long for Kelly to 　4　 the two things and see how this new technology would 　5　 the children in her district. “I think kids are going to be 　6　 to learn that they are going to be the first in the world to 　7　 a library book by drones,” Kelly told The Washington Post. 

What's the most exciting about the new Virginia project is that drones will 　8　 the social public welfare(福利)programs: spreading 　9　 and increasing access to 　10　 resources. 

The services will be made immediately 　11　 to about 600 students.They'll have plenty of time to 　12　 their books, as the books won't have to be 　13　 until the school starts in the fall.Kelly said 　14　, “Drone delivery will help a few more kids interested in 　15　.” 

1.A.average   B.easy

C.creative    D.traditional

2.A.design    B.name

C.translation   D.choice

3.A.adopter B.buyer C.manager  D.inventor

4.A.find  B.link  C.compare  D.take

5.A.inspire  B.inform C.benefit  D.guide

6.A.anxious B.stressful  C.relaxed  D.thrilled

7.A.receive  B.possess  C.lend  D.transform

8.A.prevent B.support   C.try  D.replace

9.A.knowledge  B.information  C.happiness  D.friendship

10.A.social  B.natural  C.educational  D.medical

11.A.available   B.equal C.reliable  D.special

12.A.review   B.translate

C.handle    D.enjoy

13.A.returned   B.delivered

C.sold     D.thrown

14.A.honestly   B.hopefully

C.carefully    D.strictly

15.A.science   B.technology

C.reading    D.writing

答案全解全析

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.airline　2.monitor　3.highlight　4.licence　5.Wheat

Ⅱ.1.spy on　2.was buried in　3.on the decrease　4.conclude with　5.A large quantity of

Ⅲ.1.distribution　考查名词。句意:学生中苹果手机的分布引发了担忧,担心它们会进一步分散学生对课堂参与的注意力。根据空前的The和空后的of可知,此处应用名词。故填distribution。

2.prediction　考查名词。句意:该实验表明用于潮汐预测的方法可行且有效。根据句子结构及句意可知,此处应用名词作介词in的宾语。故填prediction。

3.to　考查介词。句意:明天的温度会降到零下15摄氏度。根据句意可知,此处应用decrease to表示“下降到”。故填to。

易错分析

本题易错填by。decrease by(下降了)和decrease to(下降到)是两个相近的短语,意义容易混淆,使用时应注意结合句意仔细分析。

4.in　考查固定短语。句意:这种药如果大量服用是有毒的。in large quantities是固定短语,意为“大量”,作状语,故填in。

5.a　考查冠词。句意:这对农业和食物链构成威胁,由此而危及人的健康。threat意为“形成威胁的事物”时是可数名词,表泛指,设空处应用不定冠词a。pose a threat是固定搭配,意为“构成威胁”。故填a。

6.illegal　考查反义词。句意:政府命令该公司停止非法活动,并付20亿美元罚款,这相当于其2019年销售额的4%。根据句意可知,此处应是“非法的”之意。故填illegal。

7.muscular　考查形容词。句意:真正肌肉发达的人,比如运动员,体重指数可能在“超重”范围内,而实际上他们的身体脂肪很少。此处应用形容词作表语。故填muscular。

8.justified　考查形容词。句意:为了保护本国人民的健康和国际海洋环境,中国,作为日本的近邻,表达了担忧,这是完全正常和合乎情理的。空处和natural由and连接作并列表语,也应用形容词。故填justified。

Ⅳ.1.There is no denying that　2.hoping to find a job　3.It is said that　4.Not only;but also　5.the name of which　6.will be having

Ⅴ.1.are sitting　2.are listening　3.will be sitting　4.will be watching　5.will be　6.will be staying　7.will be doing　8.will be playing　9. will be shopping　10.will be having

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人驾驶汽车如何向他人传递自己的意图,最后研究团队决定使用光信号来传递。

1.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Finally, the researchers settled on light signals.(最后,研究人员选定了光信号)”可知,研究团队使用了光信号来传递汽车的意图。故选A项。

2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The option of using symbols was also discarded”可知,使用符号的选择也被放弃了,可推知此处的“they”是指“symbols”。故选A项。

3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“we need to make it look like a driverless car(我们得让它看起来像无人驾驶汽车)”以及第五段中的“The team designed a car seat costume that the driver would wear to cover his or her face and upper body.(团队设计了汽车座椅服装,驾驶员可以穿着该服装来遮盖他或她的脸和上身)”可知,汽车座椅服装是用于迷惑人的。故选D项。

【高频词汇】　1.establish v.建立　2.autonomous adj.自主的;自治的　3.universally adv.普遍地;一致地　4.settle on决定;选定

5.indicate v.表明;暗示　6.equip v.配备;装备

长难句分析

原句　While Mcity can be used to simulate(模拟) many real-life road conditions,it cannot help test gestures drivers use to communicate their intention to other drivers,pedestrians or cyclists.

分析　本句为主从复合句。While Mcity can be used to simulate(模拟) many real-life road conditions为让步状语从句,drivers use to communicate their intention to other drivers,pedestrians or cyclists为定语从句,修饰先行词gestures,此处省略了关系代词that/which。

句意　虽然Mcity可以用来模拟许多现实生活中的路况,但它无法帮助测试司机用来把他们的意图传递给其他司机、行人或骑自行车的人的手势。

B

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无人驾驶汽车可能存在的问题及不同的人对于无人驾驶汽车的态度。

4.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents.[它们还可以减少交通(拥堵),减少污染和限制事故。]”可知,无人驾驶汽车可以减少交通拥堵,故选C项。A项文中未提及。根据第一段第三句可知,B、D说法均不正确。

5.A　细节理解题。由文章第一段中“But how should driverless cars handle emergencies? People disagree on the answer.”可知,人们对于无人驾驶汽车应对紧急情况持有不同意见;由第三段中“Survey participants mostly agreed that automated cars...even if the pedestrians would now end up dying.”可知人们对于无人驾驶汽车在紧急情况下到底应该先保护乘客还是先保护行人的问题持有不同意见;由第四段中“Makers of computerized cars are in a tough spot”可知计算机化的汽车的制造商处境艰难。通过以上这些细节可以看出,人们在无人驾驶汽车的问题上处境艰难。故选A项。根据第四段中的“Makers of computerized cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefon's group warns...That would mean saving the most people.(Bonnefon的团队警告说,计算机化的汽车的制造商处境艰难。大多数买家会希望他们的汽车被设定为保护自己,而不是其他人。然而,法规可能有一天会命令汽车必须为更大的利益而行动。那将意味着救最多的人。)”可知,B项不正确。根据第四段第二句“Most buyers would want their cars to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people.(大多数买家会希望他们的汽车被设定为保护自己,而不是其他人。)”可知,C项不正确。根据第三段第二句“Survey participants mostly agreed that automated cars should be designed to protect the most people.(参与调查的人大多都认为设计自动化汽车的目的应该是保护大多数人。)”可知,D项不正确。

6.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But they ‘won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society.’(但是它们‘不会超速、不会酒后驾车,也不会边开车边发短信,这将是社会的胜利。’)”中的they指代的就是driverless cars,可见Kurt Gray对于无人驾驶汽车是持支持的(favorable)态度的。故选B项。A项“怀疑的”;C项“有同情心的”;D项“不赞成的”。

7.D　推理判断题。文章主要介绍无人驾驶汽车可能存在的问题,不同的人群对无人驾驶汽车的看法以及计算机化的汽车的制造商所面临的困境,这些都属于科学技术方面,所以本文可能会出现在报纸的“技术”版面。故选D项。

【高频词汇】　1.just around the corner即将到来;很近;就在附近

2.stressful adj.压力重的　3.cut down on 削减;减少　4.emergency n.紧急情况　5.what if...万一……怎么办　6.participant n.参加者;参与者　7.at all costs 不惜任何代价　8.in preference to 而不是　9.regulation n.法规;规则;章程　10.compromise n.折中方案;妥协

长难句分析

原句　Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs — even if the pedestrians would end up dying.

分析　本句为主从复合句。that protect passengers at all costs为定语从句,修饰先行词cars,even if the pedestrians would end up dying为让步状语从句。

句意　那些同样接受调查的人希望乘坐那些不惜一切代价保护乘客的汽车——即使这些行人最终会死。

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。新冠肺炎导致美国各地的学校和公共图书馆关闭,弗吉尼亚州的一位图书管理员想到了用无人机将图书送到孩子们家门口,让孩子们免费读书,享受阅读的乐趣。

1.C　考查形容词。句意:然而,弗吉尼亚州的一位图书管理员想出了一个让孩子们免费阅读的创造性方法。average普通的;easy容易的;creative创造性的;traditional传统的。根据“Drones(无人机)will deliver books of their 　2　 straight to their door.”可知,这位图书管理员想到了一种创造性的方法,用无人机运送图书让孩子们免费阅读。故选C。 

2.D　考查名词。句意:无人机将把他们选择的书籍直接送到他们的家门口。design设计;name名字;translation翻译;choice选择。这里指孩子们将书选择好,然后图书管理员用无人机送到他们家门口。故选D。

3.A　考查名词。句意:Kelly Passek是弗吉尼亚州蒙哥马利县学区一所中学的图书管理员,她是无人机送货服务的早期使用者。adopter采用者;buyer购买者;manager经理;inventor发明者。根据“Set up by a company called Wing, the pilot project has been delivering household products by drones to her for some time.”可知,Kelly Passek是无人机送货服务的早期使用者。故选A。

4.B　考查动词。句意:没过多久,Kelly就把这两件事联系起来,并明白这项新技术将会如何造福她所在学区的孩子们。 find发现;link联系;compare比较;take拿。根据“and see how this new technology would 　5　 the children in her district”可知,Kelly把无人机与图书这两件事联系起来。故选B。 

5.C　考查动词。句意见上一题。inspire鼓舞;inform通知;benefit有益于;guide指导。让孩子能够在家免费看书肯定是一件有益于孩子的事情。故选C。

6.D　考查形容词。句意:Kelly告诉《华盛顿邮报》:“我认为,孩子们得知他们将成为世界上最先通过无人机收到图书馆图书的人,一定会激动不已。”anxious焦急的;stressful紧张的;relaxed放松的;thrilled极为激动的。根据“they are going to be the first in the world to 　7　 a library book by drones”可知,孩子们会因为成为世界上最先通过无人机收到图书馆图书的人而激动不已。故选D。 

7.A　考查动词。句意见上一题。receive收到;possess拥有;lend借出;transform改变。根据“by drones”可知,孩子们通过无人机收到图书。故选A。

8.B　考查动词。句意:新弗吉尼亚项目最令人兴奋的是,无人机将支持社会公共福利项目:传播知识和增加获得教育资源的机会。prevent阻止;support支持;try试图;replace代替。根据“spreading 　9　 and increasing access to 　10　 resources”可知,无人机将支持社会公共福利项目。故选B。 

9.A　考查名词。句意见上一题。knowledge知识;information信息;happiness幸福;friendship友谊。根据“Drones(无人机)will deliver books of their 　2　 straight to their door.”可知,书本传播的是知识。故选A。 

10.C　考查形容词。句意见上一题。social社会的;natural自然的;educational教育的;medical医疗的。无人机送图书也会增加获得教育资源的机会。故选C。

11.A　考查形容词。句意:这些服务将立即提供给约600名学生。available可获得的;equal平等的;reliable可靠的;special特别的。sth. be available to sb.某人可得到某物。约600名学生将立即获得这些服务。故选A。

12.D　考查动词。句意:他们将有足够的时间来享受他们的书,因为这些书直到秋季开学才需要归还。review复习;translate翻译;handle处理;enjoy享受。根据“as the books won't have to be 　13　 until the school starts in the fall”可知,孩子们有很长的时间来享受他们所选择的图书。故选D。 

13.A　考查动词。句意见上一题。return归还;deliver递送;sell卖;throw扔。根据“They'll have plenty of time to 　12　 their books”可知,这些图书直到秋季开学才需要归还。故选A。 

14.B　考查副词。句意:Kelly满怀希望地说:“无人机送货将帮助更多对阅读感兴趣的孩子。”honestly诚实地;hopefully怀有希望地;carefully仔细地;strictly严格地。根据“Drone delivery will help a few more kids interested in 　15　.”可知,Kelly对这个项目满怀希望。故选B。 

15.C　考查名词。句意见上一题。science科学;technology技术;reading阅读;writing写作。根据“They'll have plenty of time to 　12　 their books”可知,这个项目将帮助更多对阅读感兴趣的孩子。故选C。 

【高频词汇】　1.free of charge 免费地　2.deliver v.递送　delivery n.递送　3.district n.地区;区域;区　4.set up 建立;创立　5.household adj.家庭的;家用的　6.access n.机会;通道

7.thrilled adj.极为激动的